Changing Cartograhies

Changing Cartograhies
Changing Cartographies
Introduction According to Silver and Balmori (2003 48) "Cartography, a term derived from the word
for chart (charte) or drawing, has in recent years undergone a radical transformation." This was
identified earlier as Anson (1988 ix) noted "Today the art and science of map making is caught in
the throes of a technological revolution which shows no signs of slowing down." However,
advancements in mapping have been associated with scientific developments in mainly the
computer and internet technologies. Prior to this, mapping had been quite primitive in a sense as
Wikipedia (2012) states that cartograms were created by hand before Waldo Tobler produced one of
the first cartograms aided by computer visualization. During ... Show more content on
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Cartograms, according to Wikipedia (2012) are "maps in which some thematic mapping variable...is
substituted for land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to
convey the information of this alternate variable." Computers alleviate the difficulties of cartogram
construction "Constructing a usable cartogram is challenging" (Peterson, 2004) but fortunately
"computers are changing mapping in many ways" (Monmonier, 1982 16). This is echoed by Krygier
and Wood (2005 14) who point out "changes in technology have always affected map making."
2
Computers "can increase the value of the map as a decision–making tool" and "different goals
produce different maps" (Krygier and Wood, 2005 1). They go on to say that "the computer is fast
and precise, and has a useful role to play in the production of maps." Computers and their software
are the catalyst for map production. Maps are vital in development in the form of an important
decisionmaking tool but without computers, cartograms could not have facilitated a rapid growth in
cities after the Second World War. Gregory and Ell (2007 105) state that producing cartograms were
a lengthy task for a cartographer and many subjective judgements (in relation to distances, positions
and areas of features) had to be made. They go on to say that "The advent of computer mapping
through GIS has led to the reawakening of interest in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Supply Chain Location Analysis Paper
Location Analysis
In order for a supply chain to run as efficiently as possible, considerations must be in place to ensure
the logistics function is operating in an appropriate manner. Part of this is ensuring that the
distribution centre is located in an area that allows the greatest efficiency, all the while still meeting
operational and strategic needs (Van Thai & Grewal, 2005, p. 4)
The distribution centre in our simulation was located at 949 Laidlaw Avenue, roughly 20 minutes
away from the Spicy Cube factory. Both locations are in a relatively built up area, meaning there is
adequate infrastructure. This is beneficial as multiple routes between the two minimizes delays that
may be encountered due to events such as traffic accidents, or road works. Events such as previously
mentioned can occur without warning, so by choosing the location of warehouses in a strategic
manner, the risk of failures within the supply chain can be minimized. ... Show more content on
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For this particular simulation, international trade considerations do not play a part in the planning of
facility locations, however, the remaining factors very much do. If mistakes are made, they can be
incredibly costly be to fix, and even costlier to leave as is. With this in mind, the location of the
distribution centre was well thought out, as not only was it in impressive proximity to the Spicy
Cube factory, but multiple interstate and state highways and rail networks were easily accessible as
well. This accessibility allowed the transport function to perform efficiently, and in turn increased
the responsiveness of the supply chain whilst decreasing overall costs (Chopra, Meindl, & Pearson
Education, 2016, p.

The 's Historical Atlas Of Central Asia
For millennia, civilizations on either side of the Eurasian Continent exchanged both products and
ideas through the complex networks of the Silk Route. Central Asia, given its strategic position on
this route, long served a critical role at the crossroads between East and West. However, while
cultures on both ends of the networks have by and large been extensively researched, Central Asia –
despite its centrality – is frequently ignored or marginalized; rather than claiming a separate area of
study, it oftentimes retreats to the peripheries of a larger grouping, whether the Islamic world, the
Sinosphere, or the Russian Empire. Yuri Bregel, on the other hand, proposes an alternative
perception of the region. He contends that Central Asia ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Climate is a dominant factor in the development of Central Asian civilizations. In the first map,
titled "The Principal Geographical Features and Provinces," Bregel paints the environmental
conditions of each locale with rich details (3). Deserts cast a pervasive presence in the map, limiting
both human movement and patterns of settlement. Because of Central Asia's high aridity, most
population centers lie on the banks of Amu–Darya and Sir–Darya, the main rivers in the region, as
well as their tributaries. These circumstances, together with the ubiquity of mountains in the south,
produce a series of sedentary provinces such as Ferghana and Khorezm that are relatively isolated
from one another. Furthermore, the deserts act as a natural barrier disjoining the mountain–based
farming communities from the vast steppes to their north, where a more temperate climate and flat
terrains encourage nomadic ways of life. Conflicts often arise when the two groups intersect, and the
struggle between sedentary city–states and nomadic empires comprises a key theme in the history of
Central Asia.
Nowhere is the distinction between the two categories more apparent than in the drawing of political
boundaries. Bregel explains in the preface that "various Central Asian states knew to protect their

Geostor Essay
1. Why is a data warehouse needed in the GeoStor system?
Answer: A data warehouse contain pool of data both current and of the past/historical which in turn
are used to support decision making by the managers., Without it, GeoStor would lack the variety of
data it needs to be able to perform different tasks for different functions. 2. List the major benefits of
GeoStor to Arkansas and to private–sector users.
Answer: GeoStore is used by Arkansas state agencies for different tasks such as reducing the time
needed to search for documents by a factor of 15 thereby reducing time from 23.5 hours per
document to 1.5 hours. This saved $2 million of tax payer's money in the first 18 months it was in ...
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4. The state of Arkansas was the first to have such a system, so it has a competitive edge in
attracting new business to the state. Explain why can this advantage be sustained when other states
will use a similar system in the future?
Answer: One big advantage for the state of Arkansas is that the product in offered is first of its kind
and as such has an edge over other states. As discussed in Answer 1, GeoStor which used by private
sector will offer incentives for these companies to relocate as opposed to states that do not offer such
services. As such competition will automatically be at a disadvantage. First time use4rs of this
system will have a competitive advantage as they become competitive necessities which are
required by every organization. Some of the examples are online package tracking, buying of
concert ticket and reserving seats for transport. 5. Can any GIS data be combined with GPS data?
For what uses?
Answer: Not all GIS data can be combined along with GPS data especially static GIS data.
It can be used by a company to portray GIS to about products, available at different locations,
discount on the product. This gives a static picture intended to get the customers coming in. For this
purpose GPS data is of little use. In majority of cases though, GIS is used along with GPS data in

Algebraic Polynomial Of Second Degrees
Logistic Map The logistic map is one of the simplest Chaotic maps. It is a nonlinear polynomial of
second degrees. It can be represented by using the following equation [25]:
X_(n+1)=µX_n (1–X_n), (2) where 0 < µ ≤ 4 is the range of Chaotic sequence, X_n ∈ [0, 1] is the
initial condition of the logistic map, and n is a number of iteration used for generating the iterative
values. By changing the system parameter µ, the following behaviors are observed in (Fig. 3 [26]).
Moreover, it is explained in the next bullet.
The value of µ ∈ [0,1], the iterative values die at end of period The value of µ ∈ [2,3], the iterative
values oscillate around some value after that stabilize at the same value. The value µ ∈ [3,3.45]
approximately, forever the iterative values oscillate between two values. The value µ ∈ [3.45,3.56]
approximately, the iterative values oscillate between two values forever. The value of µ ∈
[3.5699456,4], the iterative values oscillate in the range 0 to 1; then the generate sequence are a
Chaotic sequence. A slight variation in the initial condition produces dramatically different iterative
values over time. Therefore, this logistic map is converted into Chaotic map. The sequences
generated by the logistic map are very sensitive to initial conditions. In the sense that two logistic
sequences generated from different initial conditions, they are statistically uncorrelated. If one is
unable to get the initial value, it is hard to get

Ap Human Geography Chapter 1 Essay
Chapter 1 Assessment
Questions–
1. Describe the problems that arise when the curves of a globe become straight lines on a map.
Answer: The problem is that distortion can happen in shape, distance, area or direction.
4. List three examples of things a map can show. Answer: A map can show you a legend or a key to
explain to you what the different symbols mean like (roads, highways, railroads building and more
things that are man–made) The second example is that the map can show you a compass rose and
that will indicate directions, it will show the North, South, West, and East. Third example is Line
symbols and that can show like boundary lines, roads, streets, or routes of trade and transportation.
5. Why is the U.S. Corn Belt considered

Analysis Of Julie Mehretu 's Paintings
Julie Mehretu's paintings are loosely termed history paintings by Douglas Fogle and called
psychogeographies by the artist herself. A viewer is supposed to find something in themselves much
like exploring a city and figuring things out for one's own self–interest. Mehretu is quoted as saying
"my aim is to have a picture that appears one way from a distance–almost like a cosmology, city, or
universe from afar– but then when you approach the work, the overall image shatters into numerous
other pictures, stories, and events. Historically drawing is seen as inferior to painting which makes it
interesting that Julie Mehretu would employ so much drawing into her canvases because drawing is
important to architectural drawings. How does the mapping nature of Julie Mehretu's paintings
convey a sense of identity in a very political nature and how is it a representation of the post
colonialist world in which we inhabit? Scholars all seem to agree that Mehretu's canvases are maps,
but what do they seek to accomplish? My analysis of Mehretu's Stadia III will use a biographical
and post colonialist methodology to explore the ways in which Mehretu's own upbringing and how
the very nature of her map making, though very artificial, can be seen as a way of both bringing us
together and giving those groups that have previously been neglected throughout history a voice.
John B. Ravenal, the curator for the Modern and Contemporary Art collection at the Virginia
Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA),

Analysis Of Michael Ondaatje 's ' The Family
Michael Ondaatje's fictionalized memoir Running in the Family uses the motif of mapping to
represent the narrator's reconstruction of his family history. The memoir develops a parallel between
the mapmaking of European explorers who colonized Ceylon and Ondaatje's attempt to make sense
of his family's chaotic and disordered past, which is difficult to trace due to the way it has become
mythologized by gossip and rumours. In Running in the Family, the depiction of mapping as an
uncertain art suggests that the search for objective truth is rendered impossible by the subjective
perceptions of those who interpret information with their own unique point of view. These biased
understandings demonstrate the flaw of accepting subjective statements marketed as facts to be true.
When Ondaatje first references Ceylon in cartographical terms, the "glances" and "theories" used to
describe the first impressions of explorers establishes a sense of uncertainty in their interpretations
(45). The author describes these images as "false maps", and observes that the "shapes differ so
much they seem to be translations" (45). The inaccuracy implied by the word "false" and the
reconstruction connoted by "translations" suggests that the explorers who created the maps
conceived them in bits and pieces, never quite grasping a clear and unbiased image of Ceylon due to
their own subjective point of view. Even the title of the chapter itself, "Tabula Asiae" (45), serves to
reinforce the idea that

Hudson River Analysis
Geography is another of Nathan's favorite science subjects. He enjoys locating geographical features
on maps and globes, and readily identifies cardinal points, land masses and bodies of water. He also
studies different types of maps (physical, political, and road) to learn various legend keys.
We've covered physical and political features such as major rivers, mountain ranges, and most
powerful countries. All places discussed during our history lessons, routine conversations, and news
stories also are pointed to on a map.
Nathan has explored nearby geographical features such as Beaverdam Lake and Moodna Creek.
Prior to our recent excursion with his 4–H club, he read about the history of the Hudson River and
discussed its health at the outing. He explored Schunnemunk Mountain during a hike on one of its
trails and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He's located four caches so far while appreciating the challenge of the hunt and the terrain around
him. We used both a GPS and compass with a map during these chases.
We watched the sun rise on the east, and followed its path across the sky while painting hash marks
on a sundial in the backyard at the top of every hour, and discussing why day and night, and seasons
happen. Viewing the recent partial solar eclipse was a most opportune highlight on this topic.
Nathan created a Styrofoam model of the solar system using balls mounted with wooden skewers on
a base, and the sunrays were represented by toothpicks. Each celestial body was painted
characteristically with poster paint.
Nathan also attended an Earth, Moon, and Sun projection at the Hudson River Planetarium, wherein
lunar phases, eclipses, and other puzzles were explored. We introduced the study and identification
of constellations and dabbled with sky maps and a stargazing mobile app as initial

Desert Dogs Medical Surplus Is An Up
Introduction
Desert Dogs Medical Surplus is an up and coming medical surplus company based out of central
Texas whose mission is to deliver the best medical supplies and equipment to the best medi–cal
facilities around the world. Having a location in central Texas gives Desert Dogs easy access to
many major highways and international airports providing the means to transport our customer's
requests in a timely manner. Not only is Desert Dogs equipped to provide products to any hospital or
medical retail store around the world we are also able to provide a single source of supply for all
Class VIII medical supplies and equipment to all Department of Defense medical treatment facili–
ties within the United States and abroad. Desert Dogs is a minority owned, veteran owned small
business that can handle any job big or small. We are dedicated to providing our customers with a
customer service that is unmatched by any in the industry. Our 8A certification allows us to easily
obtain federal government contracts to provide supplies and equipment to Department of Defense
healthcare facilities at a fraction of the cost occurred by using larger medical surplus vendors.
Started by three former Air Force medical logisticians with a dream and a desire to continue sup–
porting no only the Air Force but the entire world we to our combined 64 years of experience and
grew a company set to rival the leading competitors in the industry. Desert Dogs has grown into a
very diverse company

Geogram And Ecomaps
Throughout this entire semester, I have gained a lot of knowledge as it pertains to genograms and
ecomaps. I would look at videos just to understand how to actually put the geogram and the ecomap
together so that it may be beneficial to me in the near future. This essay paper will be a break down
into how I was able to understand what a geogram and a ecomap is and how I was able to put it
together to the best of my ability. I learned that a geonogram is a tool to display an individual family
tree. An ecomap is a display of informal and formal systems in the child's background. Both can be
information gathered about an individual's mother, father, children, caregiver, network, or even
someone outside the family. In the beginning process, a counselor, ... Show more content on
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Married couples are to be indicated with a solid line connecting the square and the circle with a "M"
for married and also put down how many years the couple has been married. If a couple has gone
through a separation or a divorce, then it should have a double slash through the solid line with an
"S" and a date of the separation or a "D". If there are intimate couples then it should be indicated
with a dotted line. Even affairs should be shown with a dotted line. The children as well are
indicated with a circle, square, or triangle (if the individual can't remember the sex). Children that
are born with a couple, should be indicated with a line that connects the parents. It should also be
shown the name of the child and the age. Finally, a deceased member of the family should be
indicated with an "X" over the circle, square, or triangle while putting the year of the passing and

Cliff Davis's Development
Cliff Davis – Founder of Tampa, FL's Davis Development
A skilled and knowledgeable Tampa, FL–based property developer, Cliff J Davis has completed
more than $200 million in successful real estate projects over the course of his 25–year career. He
has held official certification as a contractor through the State of Florida since the mid–1990s.
Educated as an engineer and a business administrator, Cliff J Davis has demonstrated a proven
ability to identify, finance, obtain, entitle, and construct many commercial and multifamily
residential structures. He also owns and operates multiple commercial and residential developments.
Clifford J Davis currently directs his own development company that creates mixed–use retail
centers that are anchored ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also serves as a board member for PARC, a community service group that is dedicated to
providing life–changing opportunities for children and adults with developmental disabilities. He
has been involved with various children's charities for over two decades.
Cliff Davis – Real Estate Developer Based in Tampa, FL
Currently living and working in Tampa, FL, Cliff J Davis has garnered more than 23 years of real
estate construction and development experience. Completing approximately $18 million in
horizontal site work over the years, he has demonstrated the ability to identify and capitalize upon a
range of opportunities in the field of commercial real estate. Cliff J Davis has also constructed a
number of multifamily residential complexes and custom–built houses such as the 20,000–square
foot mega–home that he erected in

Logistic and Supply Chain Management
RMIT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY VIETNAM
Introduction to Logistic and Supply Chain Management Individual Case Study
NAME: Tran Thi Kim Mai
ID Number: s3231137
LECTURE: JAMIE CALBETO–Group 10
Bachelor of Commerce Program
ASSIGNMENT COVER PAGE
Your assessment will not be accepted unless all fields below are completed
Subject Code: OMGT2085
Subject Name: Introduction to Logistics & Supply Chain Management
Location where you study: RMIT Vietnam – SGS
Title of Assignment: Individual Case Study
File(s) Submitted 1
Student name: Tran Thi Kim Mai
Student Number: s3231137
Student Email Address: s3231137@rmit.edu.vn
Learning Facilitator in charge: Jamie Calbeto
Assignment due date: 12 December 2010 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The inbound start from the suppliers to manufacture and the out bound begin from warehouses to
end users.
Level M?MA Main Players Role in the supply chain
1 Flowers
Plastic
Wax, oil, and antioxidants
Minerals, Vitamins Supplying flavors to manufacturer
Supplying box containing for cosmetic products
Lipsticks
Powder makeup
2 Manufacturer in Binh Duong province, Ho Chi Minh City Collecting all raw materials to the

manufacturer.
With a process of measuring, checking and testing seriously to make a perfect final product.
All finished products are transported and kept in the warehouse Warehouse in Ho Chi Minh City
Warehouse in Hanoi Maintaining and keeping the products in a best condition before delivering
them to the distributors.
3 Distributors The middle channel which expands the products to other cities in Vietnam
Though distributors, the products are allotted to customers by retailers and wholesalers
4 Super Markets
Department stores
Boutique shops
Hair Salon Chains
Malls and Shopping plazas A system of wholesalers and retailers, which provide the products
directly to the end users–customers.
SWOT Analysis
Strength
With a transportation based 3PLs
Reduce the cost of investment on transportation and the order cycle time
Raw materials are in high quality
Raw materials are imported from other countries (USA, Philippine)
Local supplies
Reducing the order

Logistics In The Roman Empire
Abstract
Transportation is the act of moving persons or property from one point to another. Logistics, a term
first used by the military, is the complex coordination involving people, supplies, and distribution
(American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, fifth edition, 2015). In the days of the
Roman Empire, transportation and logistics is what kept the Solders fed, provided the ammunition
to dominate in battle, and enabled the Empire to march across a continent and weld its strength and
power. In addition, the Roman Senate had the foresight to invest in road improvements and outposts
that served as hubs. Investing in a transportation network and efficient logistical management
enabled the Roman Empire to maintain its dominance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2014, April 9). Bringing Transportation Decisions Closer to the
People: Why States and Localities Should Have more Control. Retrieved from The
Heritage Foundation: http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2014/04/bringing– transportation–
decisions–closer–to–the–people–why–states–and–localities–should–have– more–control
Kane, R. M. (2009, March 1). The United States Department of Transportation: A Brief History.
Retrieved from U.S. Department of Transportation Office of the Historian:
http://ntl.bts.gov/historian/history.htm U.S. Chamber of Commerce. (2013). State of the Highway
Trust Fund: Long Term Solutions for
Solvency. Washington D.C. : U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
U.S. Chamber of Commerce. (2013). The Federal Role in America's Infrastructure. Washington
D.C.: U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
Weingroff, R. F. (2013). Busting the Trust: Unraveling the Highway Trust Fund 1968–1978.
Washington D.C.: Federal Highway Administration.
Weingroff, R. F. (2015, June 11). Celebrating A Centruy of Cooperation. Retrieved from U.S.
Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration:

The Value Chain By Michael E. Porter And Popularized Essay
The Term 'value chain' was coined by Michael E. Porter and popularized in his business
management book, Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance.
According to Michael E. Porter, the value chain includes the activities within and around a company
that creates a product or service. Porter's value chain constitutes a set of activities that are performed
to design, product and market, deliver and support its products.
Porter distinguished between;
Primary activities: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service in
the core value chain creating value.
Support activities: procurement, development, technology, human resource management, firm
infrastructure supporting the value creation in the core value chain
Value chain analysis is a very helpful tool that is used for working out how greatest possible value
can be created for the customers.
Any or all of the primary activities that are mentioned above may be vital in development of a
company's competitive advantage. For instance, logistics activities are critical for a provider of
distribution services, likewise service activities may be the key focus of a firm offering on–site
maintenance contracts for office equipment.
It is very important for an organization to understand the activities that add value to its products and
services and the activities that do not add any value. Understanding these parameters will help the
company map its processes and flows to

Deborah Cowen 's The Deadly Life Of Logistics Essay
In many aspects globalization is usually described as a process where due to an increase in trade,
technology and cultural exchange the world is getting more interconnected making distances less
and less which is giving rise to a capitalist economy. According to (Wallerstein 2004), "world
economy has always been capitalist". It's like everyone is specialized to perform a certain task and
that's how the idea of division of labour is built within us which ties us to the system of capitalism.
Competition and the will to earn more is ingrained which creates state subsidies and makes strong
states to use their power to prevent weaker states from succeeding.
However, Deborah Cowen's The Deadly Life of Logistics published in 2014 by the University of
Minnesota Press justifies globalization in a very complex way which opens the eyes of readers to the
violent aspects relating to it. In the title words such as "trade" and "logistics" may deceive some
users with the content contained in the book to business decisions and the revolution in military
affairs. Nonetheless, this is not the case as this book aims to describe the art and the science of
logistics. Cowen suggests that logistics is part of the reason of the changing world in political
agendas, security levels, rise of global production, labour practices and warfare. Cowen uses critical
theory to elaborate the revolution in logistics by going through the civilization of logistics and going
in depth of the economic and and

Sir Richard F. Burton's Trip To Congo
Geographers are known to research both the human and physical geography of foreign lands. They
make connections of the information gathered between human and physical geography through their
experiences. Geographers must interact with people and be aware of their own views of the world
and should aspire to communicate unbiased opinions and understanding of the people's cultures. In
their writing authors ability to understand and work across cultural boundaries is the framework for
an individual to attain knowledge while engaging in the culture and develop cross–cultural
competence. On a "Trip to Congo" Sir Richard F. Burton writes a story during his exploration to the
Yellalla or Cataracts of the Congo leaving some detail insights of the customs and behavior of the
African communities. He only gives his point of view from an imperialist position and sometimes
denigrates and diminishes the people and their culture. Even though Burton had a translator
throughout his trip the language barrier prohibits interaction with the communities and the ability to
empathize with the natives. Interaction and understanding is the key to appreciate their behaviors,
instead Burton ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Froude's imperialistic and ethnocentric point of view manifests the differences between the "inferior
race", the blacks and the minority group, the British. His beliefs of superiority of his own culture are
shadowed through a forceful and aggressive tone by using "we" to get the message of white
supremacy across to the reader. His views on the superiority of the British rule despite the white
majority are expressed through his despiteful tone throughout the excerpt. He describes the Greater
Antilles as "weak nations" that are "subject to the rules of others who are at once powerful and just"
diminishing the natives

Essay On Retrieval Process
Texture is one of the crucial primitives in human vision and texture features have been used to
identify contents of images. Examples are identifying crop fields and mountains from aerial image
domain. Moreover, texture can be used to describe contents of images, such as clouds, bricks, hair,
etc. Both identifying and describing characteristics of texture are accelerated when texture is
integrated with color, hence the details of the important features of image objects for human vision
can be provided. One crucial distinction between color and texture features is that color is a point, or
pixel, property, whereas texture is a local–neighborhood property. The main motivation for using
texture is the identifying and describing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mag(p)= gradient magnitude.
Dir(p)=gradient direction.
c. Laws Texture Energy Measures:
For detecting various types of textures it uses local masks. To compute the energy of texture it uses
convolution masks of 5×5 which is represented by a nine element vector for each pixel.
SHAPE
Shape is an important visual feature and it is one of the basic features used to describe image
content. However, shape representation and description is a difficult task. This is because when a 3–
D real world object is projected onto a 2–D image plane, one dimension of object information is
lost. As a result, the shape extracted from the image only partially represents the projected object. To
make the problem even more complex, shape is often corrupted with noise, defects, arbitrary
distortion and occlusion. Further it is not known what is important in shape. Current approaches
have both positive and negative attributes; computer graphics or mathematics use effective shape
representation which is unusable in shape recognition and vice versa. In spite of this, it is possible to
find features common to most shape description approaches Usually, Shape features can be
extracted from an image by using two kinds of methods: contour and regions. Contour based
methods are normally used to extract the boundary features of an object shape. Such methods
completely ignore the important features inside the boundaries. Region–based image retrieval
methods firstly apply segmentation

The Effects Of Political Using Maps
The Effects of Political Using Maps Maps hold their own great power. Knowing where people,
goods, and ideas are is of immeasurable value. As most powers of this magnitude are, the
government has a say in it, regulating and producing them. The government's involvement with
maps is undeniable, especially our own. The question is how well they put their ability to use. Are
outcomes favorable for the citizens? Are politicians or governments benefitted from misuse of maps
more often than not? While many are skeptical of governments' actions, they primarily use maps to
bring about good change. In an age in which international affairs and the economy take precedence
over many other issues, it is an encouraging sign that maps are not completely ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, officials even went a step beyond to guarantee the miners' safety. Pennsylvania state
representatives Arlen Specter and Tim Murphy, interested in the practice's safety, spoke highly of
robots developed by the Carnegie Mellon University computer science team that would help map
mines accurately. Specter is quoted as saying "Had this technology been utilized in advanced...those
miners would not have had their lives threatened" (Spice 2002). With further research and
development, officials hoped to push the technology to use. With the inclusion of this source in
conjunction with the report on the incident itself, one can see how once the problem occurred,
officials actively sought out solutions. This situation showcases an event in which the government
used maps, in this case problematic ones, to help bring about positive change. A similar situation
involving flood maps took place, coincidentally, on the east coast as well. For brief context, New
York Senator Charles Schumer challenged FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) to
improve the methods they use to draw flood maps. Municipalities started noticing inaccuracies in
the existing maps, which prompted Schumer's actions. Besides the general danger involved with
inaccurate mapping of flood zones, it can be financially costly to residents. From Senator Schumer's
news

The Transportation System, By Edward Humes : The...
The Transportation System
In a world aligned by the dynamics of technological advancements, it is hard to talk about efficient
movement without mentioning how transportation dominates our daily involvement and activities. A
lot of effort goes into the art of moving things and our bodies from one place to another. In the book
"Door to Door: The Magnificent, Maddening, and Mysterious World of Transportation" by Edward
Humes, the author asserts that we all live in a door to door world with hundreds of thousands miles
embedded in things we do or come into contact with. The complexity of transportation according to
him, is what man is doing to avoid risks, costs, save time, defying all odds to make timely delivery
and affordable products and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of Smartphones has also brought about a population that wants things done instantly. A
revealing look at the reality and impact of our "buy–it–now, same–day–delivery, traffic–packed
world" (Humes, 2016. p 37) However, Smartphones are also considered disruptors or reducers since
they have enhanced the substitution of news–paper to digital news. Previously, newspapers would
have been transported by road or rail which involved a few logistics such as involvement of fuel for
transport, use of carbon paper for printing besides delay in timely delivery. This is not an exception
for music and books which are now readily available at a click on the phone. "Smartphones have
become the Swiss Army knives of the tech world, displacing a host of specialized devices: music
players, alarm clocks, radios, cameras, calculators, tape recorders, GPS navigation devices,
calendars, date books, Rolodexes, handheld gaming devices, metronomes, egg timers, flashlights"
(Humes, 2016. p 21). This is in contrast with the consumer location for commodities globally which
was centralized initially and was limited to a specific geographical area and regional products.
Today, one is spoilt for choice and can shop from food to clothing at the comfort of their homes
without having t worry about transportation. Whether Smartphones are evil in themselves is a

My Target 's Floor Pl How They Use Adjacencies Within Both...
For this assignment, I decided to visit Target while I was in New Braunfels to examine how they use
adjacencies within both their women's and men's clothing section. As well as, seeing the career wear
section for both sexes and how it is merchandised for the shopper. The retail industry is the kind of
business that has a very high level of competition. Knowing this, retailers realize the importance of
these attributes and why they are needed in order to create an ambience that will attract the market
they are targeting. Merchandisers have strategically placed items together in hopes that shoppers
will choose to grab that cardigan because it would go perfectly with the lace top that is placed next
to it or that pair of leggings because it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's stimulating to see how they used gender stereotypes when designing their floor plan because
they know women love to buy clothing and accessories which is why those are next to one another,
and they know that men love electronics and gaming which is why those are placed beside one
another, as well. By using adjacencies in their floor plans, they are presenting an intended route for
their shoppers. Personally, whenever I shop at Target, I typically walk the same route of the dollar
section, women's clothing, women's clearance, shoes, athletics, and the lastly, the beauty section.
Target understands what their consumers want, and I never walk out empty handed. Target has a
story behind the way that they would plan out their floorplan because they know the shopper and
have placed items respectively to one another. They have designed there store to be a one–stop store,
everything that you will need in one place and at a low price. In college towns, you will find that
they position their team colors closer to the front of the section, which connects the shopper with the
store. At Target, you are able to complete your outfit all in one place at a low price, and the use of
adjacencies gives an ambience for the shopper while he or she is shopping. I believe that Target has
been successful in the use of adjacencies in their floorplans because shoppers follow the route that
has been designed for

Parameterization Essay
3.2.6.3 Parameterization This refers to analysis parameters and input layer preparation to run
FRAGSTATS in order to calculate spatial metric indices. This includes categorical map formatting
and setting analysis parameters (sampling strategies and specifying neighbor rule to delineate
patches). FRAGSTATS accepts several types of input image data formats, ESRI grid, ArcGIS raster
grid, GeoTIFF grid (.tif), ERDAS Imagine grid (.img), SAGA GIS binary format grid (.sdat) and
several others. For this study, classified maps with ERDAS Imagine grid (.img) formats used as an
input. All input maps were integer grids i.e., each cell assigned an integer value corresponding to its
class membership or patch type with the measurement units in meters. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
3.2.7 Statistical Layer Generation and Zonal Metrics Analysis This is conducted mainly to address
and measure the direction and location of urban sprawl in the study area using ZonalMetrics
Toolbox. ZonalMetrics toolbox is a new open source tool developed by Adamczyk and Tiede (2017)
and written in python script to be added as toolbox in ArcGIS 10.2 or latest versions. It is such an
important python tool with a specialized functionality for calculating spatial metrics at zonal level.
The tool computes selected spatial metrics such Class Area (CA), Number of patches per class
(NPC), Zone Area (ZA), Percentage of zone (PZ), Total Class Edge (TE), Edge Density (ED) and
Diversity (SHDI) indices in the same way they are calculated in FRAGSTATS but here indices are
calculated per class and per specified zones. The toolbox has the following 3 available utilities
(Adamczyk, and Tiede, 2017): it accepts user–defined vector based categorical (polygon) layers for
direct analysis; it provides landscape metrics designed to calculations within any user–defined zones
for example regular gridded zones, administration zones, environmental zones, and last it provides
functionalities to generate specific zone (pies, hexagons) to serve as statistical

Investigating Secondary Dispersion Patterns of Indicator...
Picturing the Subsurface With GIS:
Data Visualization Techniques for Geophysical Images Using ArcGIS
By Lucas Donny Setijadji
Geoscientists try to understand the earth's crust using geophysical methods such as gravity and
magnetic surveys. Mining geologists also use geophysics to search new mineral deposits. In areas
such as the Nevada Great Basin, geoscientists rely more on geophysical images than on geologic
maps.
The Great Basin area holds one of the biggest mineral concentrations in the world.
Economically, gold is the most prominent commodity. The most important gold deposits are hosted
by carbonate rocks, called the Carlin–type and Carlin–like gold deposits. Carlin–type and
Carlin–like gold deposits are unique geologically, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal is to separate the regional trends and residual anomalies. The digital separation processes
sometimes involve the transformation of data from the space domain into the wave–number
(Fourier) domain. This filtering process requires specific geophysical software such as the
MAGMAP product from Oasis Montaj©.
The filtering algorithm applied to the gravity map was a band–pass filter to find
intermediatewavelength gravity anomalies. These anomalies represent deep–seated geologic units
and structural configurations (Figure 2). Meanwhile, the upward continuation filter for 1 km was
applied on the aeromagnetic map to eliminate the noise from shallow magnetic sources. The result
represents magnetic bodies at a significant depth below the surface (Figure 3).
Figure 2–The IntermediateWavelength Gravity Anomaly Map After
Application of Band–Pass Filtering
Figure 3–The Magnetic Anomaly
Map After the Application of 1 km
Upward Continuation Filtering
Data Integration With GIS and Some Concerns
Geophysical processing software usually lacks GIS functionality. Spatial analysis is much easier
when done in a GIS environment. Transformation of geophysical images to a GIS format can be as
simple as exporting the images that contain spatial information into geoTIFF format. In a GIS
analysis, geophysical images are often treated as a type of evidence map, the same as other thematic
maps such as mineral

Business Logistics And Logistics Of Ups
Business logistics
Introduction
The firm that would be assessed throughout this paper when referring to the topic of business
logistics is UPS. It is a well–known courier service which operates in almost every nation in the
world. UPS is known for its quality services such as speedy delivery, best maintenance of cargo, and
the providence of a wide variety of tools that helps the customers in various different prospects, such
as tracking order. This paper would specifically emphasize upon the operations management and
logistics of UPS alongside performing a SWOT analysis of the firm. Finally, some suggestions will
be provided which may help the firm in performing better overall business logistics and operations
management.
1– Critically evaluate the existing process flows in the operations management and logistics with
reference to a literature review on logistics theories.
Let's first have a look at the notion of logistics and then relate it with the operations management of
a courier service such as UPS. Logistics is the deemed as the actionable process of transporting and
temporarily storing different supplies. The category to which a company can efficiently and
effectively do these mentioned duties can differentiate its overall place in itsrelative industry. These
mentioned tasks related to transfer procedures are often a subset of the greatersystem of supply–
chain–management.This system tends to track items and information among various categories of

Logistics management
Read through the case study on Cartes sans Frontières and write a report addressing the issues raised
in the questions below.
Evaluate the logistics operations carried out within the company highlighting the problems
encountered.
Cartes Sans Frontières (CSF) is a multi–million organisation that produces maps for the European
traveller. Based at Lyons in France, they produce maps, atlases and travel guides. The production is
all done in house, saving on external costs. CSF has its own Surveying and Designs Division
licensing out their designs to other external organisations, earning substantial royalties for the
company.
Reading through the case study I have found that CSF is a very active company in terms of the
movement of goods within ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here I think is CSF 's biggest downfall. According to Stock, If the EDI was available to all the
customers, Moulin, the system used to generate the EDI orders to the warehouse would be working
independently without the need of any keyed in manual orders. This would save time and money,
(Stock, 2001)
The final logistics operation happens in the picking area. Once the maps have been made, they are
stored in aisles with the maps arranged by country and then by numerical order. When an order
comes through scan guns will find the order and tell the pickers exactly where the maps are stored
using an onboard display.
When the entire order has been picked, the scan gun is uploaded into Moulin, allowing the system to
reorder the necessary stock. The order is then packed and palletised and is ready to be dispatched.
Discuss how the use of various IT applications contribute to enhancing efficiency of the logistics
processes. Are there any areas which could be further developed using IT?
Cartes Sans Frontières distributes nearly 5 million maps a year throughout Europe. This figure
would not be possible without the use of IT within the organisation. CSF uses a very sophisticated
order processing system, a SAP R/3–based system called Moulin.
'In the face of continual growth, the increased turnover, and an increasingly global and competitive

market, Moulin adopted a simple strategy – improve efficiency and manage costs by integrating and
streamlining its

Supply Chain Paper
Supply Chain Paper
Supply Chain Paper
Supply chain logistics is a fundamental component of the global economic system. Goods can
change hands from a variety of different global companies, which some form of value being added
at each stage. The supply chain can be best described as "the complete set of firms and facilities and
logistic activities that are involved in producing materials, transforming them into intermediate or
finished products, and distributing them to customers" (Perreault, 2011). In the context of
marketing, the following paper will map the supply chain of the solar panel industry. Solar panel is a
growing industry that has seen a massive amount of growth over the last 10 years. Each major piece
of the supply chain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the roles of the solar panel distributor are listed below: * Arranges international shipment
of products from Asia. * Receives product from the manufacturer. * Establishes relationship with the
retailer. * Provides ground transport of panels to the retailer. * Breaks down from bulk quantities to
smaller cases. * Provides logistical support and consulting. * Receives payment from retailers for
delivery of products. * Provides credit for large–scale projects and orders. * Works with contractors
competing in bids
Solar panel distributors serve as a middleman in the industry to ensure that deals are facilitated
properly. Logistics for such products can be very complex, and the company must have a great deal
of strategic assets capable of delivering to many global locations.
Retailer / Contractor
The final destination in the supply chain for solar panels is either a retailer or a construction
contractor. Some panels end up at commercial warehouse stores where they can be sold to
consumers conducting their own "Do it Yourself" (DIY) solar panel install. In addition, solar panels
are used for many marine and aviation applications that are provided by online retailers. The other
potential destination is a general contractor who will ultimately install the solar panels for the
customer. Some of the duties of this stage in the supply chain are

Australian Geography Themes
The 5 themes of geography are location, place: human characteristics and physical characteristics,
human environmental interaction, movement and region. The country this assignment will be done
on is Australia. This country is the 6th largest country in the world. Some things i already know
about Australia is that sometimes people might say "oh wow she/he has quite an Australian accent.
Witch they do have, they speck English but with an accent. Also one more thing i know is that the
Great Barrier reef in located on the south–eastern side of Australia.
Location is the first thing about the 5 themes of Geography, it tell where it is, Australia is in the
Southern Hemisphere, located in the Central and South Pacific ocean. The absolute and relative
location of somewhere. In the atlas it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Australia they speak English with an accent, and also some Greek. There major religion is
Christianity. Australians play lots of cricket, football, horse racing, and rugby. In Australia, the
temperature varies a lot depending on your elevation and your distance from the coast and outback.
Australia is known to be the driest continents in the world. It is very hot and dry in the Outback. The
outback covers most of Australia, its in the center of Australia. Australia is the 6th largest country in
the world, and has some of the oldest geographic feature like the Ayers Rock! Australia is also
surrounded by tons of islands. The great barrier reef is the most visited place of Australia, it runs
along the northeast coast of Australia. There are many animals in Australia that are only in Australia.
More then 80% of there animals are only found in Australia. Some of there best known animals are
the Kangaroo, Koala, DIngoes, Echinda, Platypus, Wallaby, and the Wombat. Australia also has lots
of plants, there are an estimated 27700 plant species in

Unit 29 D1
Unit 29 D1 ADEEBA KIRAN
D1 – Evaluate the distribution systems in delivering goods and services for a selected
Organisation
Introduction
In this assignment I am going to evaluate the distribution systems in delivering goods and services
for one of the well–known food sector business and that is ASDA. I am going to look at both the
positive and the negative aspects of the distribution systems used and make recommendations for
improvement with justified reasons
Asda gets its products straight from the manufacturers and then sells them directly to the customers
they don't need to involve a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They also have a change of suppliers every year. Asda also has a trend that attracts customers that is
"you save money everytime" this attracts the customers as they will get their shopping done at a
lower price than the rival companies such as Tesco which is also very popular.
● The cost of the distribution system
At Asda the finance department is responsible for paying suppliers on time and ensuring that Asda
receives prompt payment of goods that is due to them. Asda vehicles collect goods from the supplier
and deliver to the relevant distribution centre and this saves Asda the time and money for hiring a
third party to deliver the stock. Asda had now switched to rail for their distribution network. They
use 245 new double–deck trailers to save over 10 million road miles every year by doubling the
amount they carry in each journey.
ASDA is reducing the cost of transporting goods by using advanced map–based transport
optimisation software. The innovative routing and scheduling system from Paragon Software
Systems allow ASDA's logistics experts to model better routes and make more efficient use of its
fleet and drivers. This is forecast to save ASDA between

Difference Between Racial Doubt And Relativism
❖ Key term :
❖ Mental map– is an individual's perception of the surrounding and locations which builds up a
geographical world in our head. Mental map are different between each individuals, since each
person interpret the world and surrounding differently, arguments can rise, since one person's visual
of the " right" map might conflicts with another's individual's visual of the "right" map.
❖ paradox of cartography: A perfect map doesn't exist, even if it does, it's useless. The reason why a
perfect map doesn't exist is due to that useful maps need to be imperfect, so that the map won't
update as quick as a perfect map.
❖ Confirmation Bias : has the tendency to find informations that can support and confirm an
individual's believes, but ignores anything that question or contradicts the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
All perspectives should be treated equally, since there is no right or wrong
Both racial doubt and relativism tells us that we can't be certain about our current knowledge, there
is no right and wrong and we can't be 100% sure of what we know is the truth. The difference
between racial doubt and relativism is that racial doubt talk about the certainty of our current
knowledge, while relativism tells us that there is no absolute truth on earth.
Advantage :
● Racial doubt: The reality might be completely different from what you expected, this allows you
to rethink your current knowledge
● Relativism: Everyone's opinion are being treated equally, there is no right or wrong
Disadvantage:
● Racial doubt: you have no clue if any of the current knowledge that you have is correct or reliable,
you will start doubting everything you encounter.
● Relativism: It's hard to come up with a conclusion, knowing that there is no right answer
❖ what is the rule of judgement in trying to understand the world ? Why do we need

What Is Mapinfo Software?
Mapinfo software uses the vector coordinates for virtual mapping. I was assisted by a land surveyor
for collecting the vector coordinates of the area covering the new site. I noted the data provided by
the land surveyor based on the GPS receiver as excel (.XLS) format and I updated the vector
coordinates in the Mapinfo software. CE1.12 In Mapinfo software, I used Raster image option for
generating detailed topographical features and calculating the geographical distances and areas. I
implemented 2 stage processes for the creation of raster image. First, I updated the vector coordinate
values of the new location site from the GPS receiver from the database Mapinfo software. Second
step was the correlation of the scanned satellite images ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I documented all measurements and findings based on the land survey and submitted it to the
operation manager for further verification and allocation of the new site for the cell site. CE1.16 I
was also in–charge for providing pre–deployment survey report for installation of the new BTS
tower. I investigated the terrain feature obtained from the Mapinfo software. The information
obtained from software were used as the basis for the identifying the ideal location for the cell site.
CE1.17 A survey was conducted by using a wireless adapter for detecting the existing active access
points and measuring the signal strength in new location site. Since pre–deployment survey was
initial process for coverage site survey, I decided temporary access point as the reference point and
applied trial and error method to identify different APs located within the limited boundary. CE1.18
I used a spectrum analyser with a wave length of 2.4 GHz which was connected to PC for the survey
to detect the RF activity in the location and was used to calculate the signal as well as the noise
intensity in the region. I noticed variations in the power as I moved along from the reference point; I
noted and referred this variation was due to the channel interference. I used the PC to generate the
graphical and numerical data based on the spectrum analyser. CE 1.19 For the accuracy of
measurement and data, I simulated

Paillier Is A Homomorphic Cryptosystem Essay
Paillier is a homomorphic cryptosystem. It allows us to compute the addition of two encrypted
values c1 and c2 without the need to decrypt them. According to the homomorphic property, the
product of the two cipher–texts (c1 * c2), when decrypted gives the sum of their corresponding
plain–texts (m1 + m2). This property gives rise to interesting homotopies (paths between paths) in
our higher inductive type cryptR.
Consider the two paths increment–by–100 and crypt–increment–by–100 in cryptR which are
defined as follows:
increment–by–100 : {m n : Nat} → (i : Fin m) → (r : Records n m) → (ctab r) ≡ (ctab
(INCREMENT100 i :: r)) crypt–increment–by–100 : {m n : Nat} → (p q : Nat) → (i : Fin m) → (r :
Records n m) → (ctabPL r) ≡ (ctabPL (CRYPT–INCREMENT100 p , q , i :: r))
(increment–by–100 i r) is a path from a plain–text table to another plain–text table whose value at i
is incremented by 100. (crypt–increment–by–100 p q i r) is a path from a paillier encrypted table to
another paillier encrypted table whose value at i is a product of the cipher–text at i and the cipher–
text of 100.
In the presence of the above two paths, we have a homotopy in cryptR defined as follows:
The above diagram commutes. There exists a heterogeneous path (transported through PAILLIER–
HOMOMORPHISM) between the concatenated path (paillier–enc ∘ crrypt–increment–by–100 ∘
paillier–dec) and the path increment–by–100. id–cryptR represents identity function and it is used to

The Global Supply Chain Network
Executive Summary
The global supply chain network is often faces challenges in many directions. Currently the
environmental issues and the exhaustion of natural resources leads to complications and become the
prime factors which affects the cost, time and effort in global logistics and supply chain
management. An analysis of the Montreal based Cirque de soleil is done with various factors and
criteria for evaluation of the key issues. The key issues are distribution complexities, increasing
transportation cost, production inefficiency, delivery lead times and logistics partnership strategies.
The objective is to streamline the global supply chain network by redesigning the existing system
with new integrated model using CPFR (Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment).
This concept is effectively supported by the SAP System which integrates the demand management,
better sales forecasting, effective distribution and timely replenishment.
The analysis results with the identification of locations for the new distribution model and
substantiated with the rationale of site selection considering all criteria's. The implementation and
the SAP integration describe the action plans and come out with the pros and cons of the proposed
supply chain system. And finally concludes with the pros and cons of the new system. The
objectives of the key issues are resulted with the solution but the on the other side the strategic
changes in the organization structure and

Disadvantages Of Map Reduce
Map Reduce
Introduction:
MapReduce is a simple and powerful programming model which enables development of scalable
parallel applications to process large amount of data which is scattered on a cluster of machines. The
original implementations of Map Reduce framework had some limitations which have been faced by
many research follow up work after its introduction. It is gaining a lot of attraction in both research
and industrial community as it has the capacity of processing large data. Map reduce framework
used in different applications and for different purposes.
Reason Behind Development of Map Reduce:
IT giant companies faced the problem of analysing huge sets of data (order of petabytes) E.g.
PageRank, web access logs, etc. Algorithm to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is compared with "filtering then group by aggregation" query processing in a DBMS.
It is simple and easy to use – the MapReduce model is simple but expressive. With MapReduce,a
programmer defines job with only Map and Reduce functions, without to web pages to satellite
imagery) and latency requirements (from backend bulk processing to real–time data serving).
Independent of the storage – MapReduce is basically independent from underlying storage layers. It
can work on Big Table and others. Many projects at Google store data in Big Table which have
different demands from Bigtable, in terms of data size.Bigtable has successfully provided a flexible,
high–performance solution for all of these Google products such as Google Earth, Google Finance.
Fault Tolerance – MapReduce is highly fault tolerant, continues working in spite of failures per
analysis job at Google.
Map Reduce is not suitable for:
Real–time processing.
It's not always very easy to implement each and everything as a MapReduce program.
No high–level language – it does not support any high level language like SQL in DBMS and any
query optimization

A & M University Memo
Date: June 29, 2015
To: Professor Amanda Renee Rico Texas A&M Professor English 210:192 – Technical Business
Writing
From: Alexander N. Hotze, Texas A&M Student
Subject: Recommendation Report for the Campus Maps System at Texas A&M University
Following this letter you will find an attached report for my study, "Examining and Updating the
Campus Map System at Texas A&M University: A Recommendation Report." Working diligently
over the past two weeks, I have completed all six tasks listed in my previous proposal, which was
submitted on June 14, 2015. Following the task areas I set for this report, I was able to come to a
firm understanding of the usage of our current system, observe and evaluate areas of strength and
weakness, communicate with current or potential users, and develop an understanding of the
processes and means of creating a new system.
In an effort to be as thorough as possible, I conducted my own research that consists of both primary
and secondary sources. I reviewed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While interviewing many members of the Texas A&M community it was discovered that there is a
strong desire from the younger students when it comes to providing a more interactive service.
However, there was a sort of indifference from the older students as they saw the need for the
application but as they already know the campus well after a few years, they seemed less
enthusiastic regarding the idea of a new system. Additionally, it was discovered that there is some
serious additional start up cost for the creation of a new system that would be compatible on both
computers and smart phones nonetheless, it seems like a necessary expense when it comes to
keeping up with the changing times in this

How to Reduce Carbon Emissions to Comply with New UK Law...
1.0 Executive Summary
Climate change has been a major topic of debate in the UK over the recent years. The need to reduce
the impact of CO2 and other Green House Gases (GHG) on the environment has pushed the UK
Government to enact legislations (e.g. Climate Change Act 2008) and impose strict regulations on
businesses to reduce emissions. These actions have forced businesses across a wide range of
industrial sectors to rethink and rework their strategies of utilising energy, transport and land in an
efficient manner, which in turn has lead to innovative and at the same time simple yet effective
methods to reduce carbon emissions.
The purpose of this report is to explain in brief to the Senior Management of a hypothetical supply
chain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Lee (2011), sourcing from suppliers have an indirect effect on the carbon footprint of
the supply chain (See Figure 1) , and companies like Marks and Spencer (M&S) and Tesco have
managed relatively well to reduce their indirect carbon footprint.
M&S, one of UK's leading retailers has a very successful sustainability plan called Plan A. Under
Plan A, the company has 180 commitments for sustainability out of which 49 commitments involve
partnering with suppliers to reduce indirect carbon emissions and develop best practices (M&S 2012
Plan A Report).
Figure 1: Direct vs indirect effects of carbon footprint in the supply chain Source: Lee, 2011
M&S is encouraging its top 100 clothing suppliers to install energy efficient lighting, insulation and
temperature controls, to reduce their energy usage by an estimated 10 % by 2015. Already 17 of its
suppliers have achieved their targets and the rest are underway. M&S food division sources hundred
per cent of its meat, fish ,egg and milk needs from the UK and Republic of Ireland reducing the
need for imports. M&S worked closely with Carbon Trust (A world leading consultancy helping
businesses, government and public sector to reduce carbon emissions) to identify bottlenecks in its

Gis : An Abbreviation For Geographic Information Systems...
Introduction GIS is an abbreviation for Geographic Information Systems. GIS is a perfect blend of
geography and technology. People can accumulate various forms of location data (both tangible and
intangible) and produce living, breathing maps. By utilizing the power of Geographic Information
Systems, users can create powerful applications. These applications can range in size from being
small (surveying a single farm) to large (displaying real time voting across the country in a
presidential election). The paper will begin with a literature review on the sources used for research
including conference papers, lectures, and trade magazines. Immediately following the literature
review, there will be the discussion which entails a thorough explanation of the fundamental
concepts that contribute to the foundation of Geographic Information Systems. After the explanation
of concepts, there will be a brief introduction regarding the company that pioneered the way for
GIS. This paper will then discuss the current trends and major industries that are utilizing GIS. In
the end, there will be a conclusion that will include a future analysis on GIS. Literature Review
Discussion Geographic Information Systems is a basic input/output mechanism. The user collects
geo location data such streets, buildings, or rivers and non–geo information including populations,
compensations, or other meta data. After careful research, the user can compile the data and enter it
into the system. With the

The Origins, History, Value, and Future of Cartography
THE ORIGINS, HISTORY, VALUE AND FUTURE OF CARTOGRAPHY
Introduction
Cartography has existed for thousands of years. From the early days of tribes marking off where
their best hunting grounds are, to the modern day of mapping flight paths, cartography has evolved
and developed in various ways to what it is today. There are now technologies that allow for people
to design maps in ways never imagined before. Computer programmes exist that allow for different
types of data to be stored so that accurate representations can be formed. It has been said that,"Maps
are pictures of the world's land surface, showing its features, resources and the way it has been
developed." (Bondi, et al., 1977)
Origins and History
The beginnings of Cartography
It has been said that Cartography originated thousands of years ago. Wall paintings believed to
represent a maps of the heavens exist all around the world. The oldest maps that have been
preserved on Babylonian clay tablets are from around 2300 B.C. Cartography as a whole was
dominant in Greece as the subject was more advanced than other locations and so the spherical
Earth was well known amongst Greek philosophers. (Aber, 2008). The reference–line principle was
created by one of Aristotle's disciples. Dichaearchus was this disciple's name and he obtained this
theory by placing an orientation line that ran from east to west. (Fuechsel, 2013)
The Roman Era is the next part of history where Cartography was involved in. Maps in this time

Chaos Theory Essay
Missing Figures
CHAOS
The word "chaos," an enigmatic part of the vernacular, means a state without order, or the opposite
of "cosmos," an ordered state. Mathematical chaos is instability and unpredictability, often seen in
nature due to its sensitivity to the random disturbances that commonly occur. This is known as
determinism; previous events heavily influence future events, and small changes eventually lead to
larger variations. Philosophically, chaos theory implies that everything is connected; our past actions
impact our future. Though chaotic evolution is irregular, there are rules behind its apparent disorder
that are used to study it. Studying chaos may enrich our lives and help us understand more of our
world.
Though chaos ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One night, he ran a weather sequence a second time halfway through the regular process in order to
save time. When he came back to look at the computer's output, he saw that the second run had
diverged partway through and looked completely different (Figure 1), simply because he had
inputted a value to three decimal places instead of six.
Fig 1: Lorenz's two weather runs.
According to the present scientific convention, such a small change of one part in a thousand in
initial values should have been inconsequential. Lorenz called this vast change the butterfly effect.
He stated that an event so small as the flap of a butterfly's wings could completely alter a system
such as the atmosphere. Over a long enough period of time, a much larger event would be affected –
immense storm that would have happened not happening, or vice versa. However, Lorenz published
his paper discussing this phenomenon in a meteorology journal, and consequently, chaos theory was
not immediately recognized as a new branch of mathematics.
Chaos has an underlying order to it. As Poincaré demonstrated, sometimes simple mathematical
equations result in much more chaotic outcomes. Disorder can often be found in the behavior of
difference equations, which model a quantity at some time. In this iterative process, which is truly
deterministic, the value of the term xn+1 is dependent on the value of xn. For example, if we have
the simple difference equation 3
, or

Logistics Industry Analysis
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
This report will analyze the Supply Chain and Logistics Industry in the United Arab Emirates during
the last five years. The tools and techniques used for this analysis shall be PESTEL and PORTER'S
5 forces. Further this report shall discuss about the Industry type based on the competition existing
in the market and its current phase in the Industry cycle.
This report shall be considering the Industrial study conducted by major players in the Supply Chain
and Logistics Industry in UAE and Logistics Reports issued by various government departments and
other Logistics companies existing in the market, to discuss the critical success factors and identify
the strategic groups existing.
Industry Sector:
Supply Chain and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The decline of global trade in 2009 led to a dip of 8% but picked up in the following years. The
World Bank's logistics performance index issued in 2010 rated Dubai as the best for its logistics
infrastructure in Middle East.
Added, an increase in globalization has demanded for improved industrial efficiency. Other
infrastructural developments such as the Al Maktoum Airport and Dubai Logistics City have
provided a multi model logistics hub. Supply chain and Logistics industry in Dubai has contributed
towards 14% of UAE's GDP in the year 2012.
Further infrastructural developments in the future includes Khalifa port in Abu Dhabi, expansion of
Port Khalid in Sharjah, extensive goods rail networks connecting the GCC countries and other
Airport and Port expansions. This vigorous investment in the sector is essential due to same trend
prevailing among other GCC countries. This would further improve the market size and continue
growth in sector.
Socio–cultural:
Social factors do have a profound influence in the industry and the market. Industries have to evolve
with the change in living standards and income level of the consumers. As per the World Bank
specification, UAE is classified as a 'High income and Mid–sized populated ' country. The local
market has not grown to the required level compared to the other high income group economies,
which attracts a substantial percent of expatriates to invest in the local market. High Standards of

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