FAtiMA (Fearnot AffecTIve Mind Architecture) is an Agent Architecture with planning capabilities designed to use emotions and personality to influence the agent’s behaviour.

2. Motivation – Having the right tool for the job
"Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not
simpler.” - Einstein

3. What is a component in FAtiMA?
• A component is a block of
code that extends the core
functionality of FAtiMA

4. What is a component in FAtiMA?
• Main Properties:
• Interchangeable;
• Loosely coupled;

5.  Template that generaly defines how the agent functions,
in which components can provide specific
implementations
FAtiMA Core
ActionsPerceptions
Appraisal Derivation
Action Selection
Affective State
Memory
Affect Derivation

6. while(shutdown != true)
for each Component c
c.update();
e  perceiveEvent();
if(a new event is perceived)
memory.update(e);
for each Component c
c.update(e,aF);
aF  newAppraisalFrame(e);
for each AppraisalComponent aC
aC.appraisalDerivation(e,aF);
for each AppraisalComponent aC
aC.reAppraisal();
for each BehaviorComponent bC
bc.actionSelection();
a  selectAction();
executeAction(a);
FAtiMA Core

7.  Short Term and Long Term
 Semantic Memory
 Stores semantic knowledge about the world
 Properties: chocolate(eatable)
 Relations: friends(John,Luke)
 Episodic Memory/Autobiographic Memory
 Stores events perceived by the agent
Memory

8. AM Structure
 AM organized as a set of episodes
 Attatched to a particular time and place
 Store a set of cause-effect actions
 Actions that happened in the episode
 Associated to the emotions caused by the action

9. Storing Personal Exp. Into AM
 Two main types of events
 External events – external actions
 Internal events
 Activation of an Intention
 Success
 Failure
 When a event is perceived
 Stored in the active episode
 Appraised (subjective) – several emotions
 Strongest emotion is associated to the event

10. Generating Emotions
AppraisalComponent 1
AppraisalComponent 2
AppraisalComponent n
AffectComponent 1
AffectComponent 2
event
Appraisal
Frame
Ap. Var 1
Ap. Var 2
Affective
State

11. Emotions
 Appraisal variables are used to determine the
potential intensity of an emotion
 Mood influences the intensity
 Positive Mood
 Increases positive emotions, decreases negative ones
 Negative Mood works opposingly
 Emotions then decays with time
 Intensity(em,t) = Intensity(em, t0) . e-bt
joao.dias@gaips.inesc-id.pt

12. FAtiMA Light - List of Components
Deliberative
Component
Reactive
Component
OCC Affect
Derivation

13. FAtiMA Light - List of Components
Deliberative
Component
Reactive
Component
OCC
Deliberates on what goal should be pursued at a given
moment and what plans should the agent follow to achieve it.
Generate emotions related to goals.

14. FAtiMA Light - List of Components
Deliberative
Component
Reactive
Component
OCC
Derives the appraisal variables for the events perceived.
Generates emotional reactions (action tendencies) to events.

15. FAtiMA Light - List of Components
Deliberative
Component
Reactive
Component
OCC Affect
Derivation
Derives emotions from the appraisal variables previously
determined, according to OCC Theory

16. Reactive Component

17. joao.dias@gaips.inesc-id.pt
Reactive AppraisalDerivation
 Emotional Reaction Rules
 Create emotions not associated with goals
 More specific rules have priority over more general
rules
Reaction Rule
Event
Subject: --
Action: Cry
Target: --
Parameters: --
Appraisal Variables
Desirability: 9
DesirabilityForOther: -10
Praiseworthiness: -5
Like: --
Reaction Rule
Event
Subject: SELF
Action: Look-At
Target: Book
Parameters: --
Appraisal Variables
Desirability: --
DesirabilityForOther: --
Praiseworthiness: --
Like: -5
Reaction Rule
Event
Subject: --
Action: Push
Target: Book
Parameters: --
Appraisal Variables
Desirability: 5
DesirabilityForOther:--
Praiseworthiness: --
Like: --

18. joao.dias@gaips.in
Reactive ActionSelection
 Action Tendencies
 Rules matched with the
emotional state
 If more than one action is
possible:
 We choose the one supported by the
strongest emotion
 If a tie remains:
 We choose the most specific rule
Action Rule
Action: Cry
Preconditions: ---
ElicitingEmotion:
Type: Distress
MinIntensity: 3
CauseEvent:
Subject: --
Action: Push
Target: SELF

19. Deliberative AppraisalDerivation
 Determine goal-based appraisal
variables
 SuccessProbability,
GoalConduciveness, GoalStatus
 Appraisals generated by the
state of plans in memory
 When a event is perceived:
 Plans are updated accordingly
 Active pursuit goals are checked
for activation
 Intentions to achieve active goals
are created
 Trigger initial hope/fear emotions
 The process of plan focus
generates emotions
joao.dias@gaips.inesc-id.pt

20. joao.assis@tagus.ist.utl.pt
Deliberative Action Selection
In each Action Selection cycle:
 A goal is selected as the focus of
attention
 The goal’s best plan is brought into
focus
 The plan generates emotions:
 Hope for achieving the goal
 Fear for not achieving the goal
 Fear for not preserving an interest
goal
 Eg: Hope Intensity = plan prob. *
importance of success
I will
get
hurt
I can
hit
him
No, I
can’t

21. joao.assis@tagus.ist.utl.pt
Action Selection (Coping)
 Coping strategies applied to the plan depend on the
emotional state
 Problem-focused Strategies
 Planning (by adding actions, ordering constraints)
 Execution
 Emotion-focused Strategies (Marsella)
 Accepting a plan’s failure
 Accepting a goal’s failure
 Lower a goal’s importance
 Lower an effect’s probability

22. joao.dias@gaips.inesc-id.pt
OCC AffectDerivation
22 emotion types categorized in
groups
 Well-Being Reactions - Joy, Distress
 Prospect-Based Reactions – Hope, Fear,
Satisfaction,..
 FortuneOfOthers Reactions – Gloating, Pitty,...
 Attribution Reactions – Reproach, Admiration
 Atraction Reactions – Like, Dislike
 Example – Gloating Emotion
 An event desirable for the agent, undesirable for
someone else

23. Defining John’s
Personality
Emotional
Dispositions
Emotional Reactions
Goals
Action Tendencies
Actions

24. Defining John’s Personality
<EmotionalThreshold emotion="Love"
threshold="3" decay="5" />
<EmotionalThreshold emotion="Hate"
threshold="3" decay="5" />
<EmotionalThreshold emotion="Hope"
threshold="4" decay="8" />
<EmotionalThreshold emotion="Fear"
threshold="1" decay="2" />
.
.
.
.
.
<EmotionalThreshold emotion="Reproach"
threshold="2" decay="8" />
<EmotionalThreshold emotion="Gratitude"
threshold="3" decay="5" />
<EmotionalThreshold emotion="Anger"
threshold="3" decay="5" />
Emotional Dispositions

25. Defining John’s Personality
Emotional
Reactions
<EmotionalReaction desirability="-5" praiseworthiness="-5">
<Event action="SpeechAct"
parameters="sabotageinvitation,[SELF]" />
</EmotionalReaction>
.
.
.
.
.
<EmotionalReaction desirability="-4" praiseworthiness="-3">
<Event action="SpeechAct" target="[SELF]"
parameters="insult" />
</EmotionalReaction>

26. Defining John’s Personality
Action Tendencies
<ActionTendency action="SpeechAct([Subject],insult)">
<Preconditions />
<ElicitingEmotion type="Anger“ minIntensity="5">
<CauseEvent />
</ElicitingEmotion>
</ActionTendency>
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
<ActionTendency action="cry">
<Preconditions />
<ElicitingEmotion type="Distress" minIntensity="6">
<CauseEvent />
</ElicitingEmotion>
</ActionTendency>

27. Defining John’s Personality
Goals
<ActivePursuitGoal name="AcceptInvitation([friend])">
<PreConditions>
<RecentEvent occurred="True" subject="[friend]"
action="Question" target="[SELF]" parameters="invite" />
<Property name=“Like([SELF],[friend])”
operator=“GreaterThan”
value=“0” />
</PreConditions>
<SucessConditions>
<Property name="InvitedToParty([friend],[SELF])"
operator="=" value="True" />
</SucessConditions>
<FailureConditions>
<Property name=“InvitedToParty([friend],[SELF])”
operator=“=“
value=“False” />
</FailureConditions>
</ActivePursuitGoal>

28. Defining John’s Personality
Actions
<Action name="Question([target],[question])">
<PreConditions>
<Property name="[target]" operator="!=" value="[AGENT]" />
</PreConditions>
<Effects>
<Effect probability="1">
<Property name="SpeechContext()" operator="="
value="#EVENT([AGENT],Question,[target],[question])" />
</Effect>
</Effects>
</Action>
<Action name="InferenceOperator1([Inviter],[Invited])">
<PreConditions>
<RecentEvent occurred="True" subject="[Invited]" action="Reply"
target="[Inviter]" parameters="invite,positiveanswer" />
</PreConditions>
<Effects>
<Effect probability="1">
<Property name="InvitedToParty([Inviter],[Invited])" operator="="
value="True" />
</Effect>
</Effects>
</Action>

29. Conditions
joao.assis@tagus.ist.utl.pt

30. Questions?