The document discusses various computer operating systems including their definitions, types, examples, and brief histories. It covers operating systems such as DOS, Windows NT, Windows 9x, Windows XP, Mac OS, and others, providing basic information about each one such as what they are, when they were developed, and their key features and purposes.

1. Computer Operating System
Eng:Dhanik Maheshwari
Civil Engineering Department
QUEST Nawabshah

2.  An operating system is a program designed to run
other programs on a computer
 A computer’s operating system is its most
important program
 It is considered the backbone of a computer,
managing both software and hardware resources
Introduction to computer operating system

3.  An operating system, or OS, is a software program
that enables the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer
software
 Without a computer operating system, a computer
would be useless

4.  GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI
Operating System contains graphics and icons and is
commonly navigated by using a computer mouse
 Below are some examples of GUI Operating Systems
 System 7.x,Windows 98,Windows CE
Types of computer operating systems

5.  Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows for
multiple users to use the same computer at the same
time and/or different times
 Below are some examples of multi-user operating
systems.
 Linux , Unix , Windows 2000

6.  Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of
supporting and utilizing more than one computer
processes
 Below are some examples of multiprocessing
operating systems
 Linux , Unix , Windows 2000

7.  Multitasking - An operating system that is capable of
allowing multiple software processes to run at the
same time
 Below are some examples of multitasking operating
systems
 Unix , Windows 2000

8.  Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different
parts of a software program to run concurrently.
 Below are some examples of multitasking operating
systems
 Linux, Unix, Windows XP

9. Operating systems Date of released platform developer
 Windows XP
Professional
 April 24,2005  IBM / PC  Microsoft
 Macintosh OSX  June 9, 2008  Apple Macintosh  Apple
 Microsoft Vista  January 30, 2007  IBM / PC  Microsoft
 Fedora  May 21 2010  various  Red Hat
 Mac OS X Leopard  October 26, 2007  Apple Macintosh  Apple
 Microsoft Windows 1.0  November
20,1985
 Xandros Linux  -  -  -
 Unix  March 11,1971  Various  Unisys
 Microsoft Windows 3.1  April, 1992  IBM / PC  Microsoft
List of operating systems

11.  Acronym for disk operating system.
 The term DOS can refer to any operating system, but it is most often
used as a shorthand for MS-DOS (Microsoft disk operating system).
 Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS was the standard
operating system for IBM-compatible personal computers.
 The initial versions of DOS were very simple and resembled another
operating system called CP/M. Subsequent versions have became
increasingly sophisticated as they incorporated features of
minicomputer operating systems. However, DOS is still a 16-bit
operating system and does not support multiple users or multitasking.
DOS

12.  For some time, it has been widely acknowledged that
DOS is insufficient for modern computer applications.
 Microsoft Windows helped alleviate some problems,
but still, it sat on top of DOS and relied on DOS for
many services. Even Windows 95 sat on top of DOS.
 Newer operating systems, such as Windows NT and
OS/2 Warp, do not rely on DOS to the same extent,
although they can execute DOS-based programs.

13.  A version of the Windows operating system.
 Windows NT (New Technology) is a 32-bit operating
system that supports preemptive multitasking.
 There are actually two versions of Windows NT:
Windows NT Server, designed to act as a server in
networks, and Windows NT Workstation for stand-
alone or client workstations.
Windows NT

14.  Windows 9x are a series of Microsoft Windows
products including Windows 95, Windows 98 and
Windows Me.
 Microsoft began developing Windows 9x at
Windows 95, and ended developing Windows 9x at
Windows Me. The series lived a life span of five
years.
 Windows 95 is the first product of Windows 9x
series. Before Windows 95, earlier versions of
Windows were 16-bit operating systems, and many
Windows 9x

15.  Windows XP is a personal computer operating
system produced by Microsoft as part of the
Windows NT family of operating systems.
 Development of Windows XP began in the late
1990s, the operating system was released to
manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and generally
released for retail sale on October 25, 2001.
 Windows XP was a major advance from the MS-
DOS based versions of Windows in security,
stability and efficiency due to its use of Windows
Windows XP

16.  It introduced a significantly redesigned graphical
user interface and was the first version of Windows
to use product activation in an effort to reduce
software piracy.
 Upon its release Windows XP received generally
positive reviews, with critics noting increased
performance, a more intuitive user interface,
improved hardware support, and its expanded
multimedia capabilities.
 It is estimated that at least 400 million copies of

17.  Windows XP remained popular even after the
release of newer versions, particularly due to the
poorly received release of its successor Windows
Vista. Vista's 2009 successor, Windows 7, only
overtook XP in total market share at the end of
2011.

18.  The Mac OS is an operating system that was
designed for the Apple Macintosh computer.
 It was developed by Apple Inc., who also created
Apple I, as well as a number of other more modern
products including the iPod, iPhone, and iPad.
 The main competition to the Mac OS is the
Windows operating system, the most popular OS
by a large margin.
MAC OS

19.  The first version of the Mac OS, part of the
"Classic" Mac OS series, was originally released in
the mid-1980s.
 It did not possess a command line and could only
run one application at a time.
 The first version of the Macintosh operating system
to be named "Mac OS" was version 7.6, the most
recent version is called Mac OS X.