2. Abstract
Biodiesel produced by
transesterification of
triglycerides with alcohol, is the
newest form of energy that has
attracted the attention of many
researchers due to
various advantages associated
with its usages
BIODIESEL
Biodiesel is a liquid obtained
from natural lipids such as
vegetable oils or animal fats,
with or without use, by
industrial processes of
esterification and
transesterification, and applied
in the preparation of total or
partial replacement of or diesel
petrodiesel oil obtained. Transesterificación
Transesterification is the
process of exchanging the
alkoxy group of an alcohol.
These reactions are often
catalyzed by adding an acid
or a base.
3. Several studies have showed that biodiesel :
Is a better fuel than fossil-based diesel in terms of
engine performance, emissions
reduction, lubricity, and environmental benefits
Vegetable oil is one of the renewable fuels
which have become more
attractive recently because of its environmental
benefits and the fact that it is
made from renewable resources
The pure vegetable oils contained only
about 0.15%, which are within permitted levels for
being used directly for reaction
with an alkaline catalyst to produce biodiesel
4. Characteristics of Biodiesel
fuel from plants that can replace mineral oil.
It comes in liquid form and is obtained from renewable
resources such as vegetable oils, soybean, rapeseed /
canola, sunflower, palm and others, as well as animal fats
through a process called transesterification.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Biodiesel is a liquid that varies in color, ranging from pale
gold and dark brown. Is immiscible with water and has a
high boiling point (182 -338 ° C) and low vapor pressure
(less than 2 mm Hg). The flash point of biodiesel is 93 ° C,
which is significantly higher than 38 ° C diesel fuel or -43 °
C. Biodiesel has a specific gravity between 0.86 and 0.90
(less than water), and a higher vapor density 1 (it is heavier
than air).
5. Fuels Biodiesel Blends
Biodiesel can be used alone or as a mixture with
conventional diesel fuel.
Biodiesel blends are classified by the percentage
of biodiesel in the blend.
Response surface analysis
Response surface has been applied successfully for
optimization of biodiesel
production in fat and oil feedstocks
The temperature has an important influence on the
reaction rate and led to a higher conversion éster.Con
increasing the reaction temperature, the biodiesel
yield rapidly increased to about boiling point of the
alcohol. At low temperatures, relatively low
conversion to methyl ester evident due to the
subcritical state of methanol. A temperature higher
than the boiling point of methanol, the alcohol
evaporates and the yield was decreased.
6. Conclusion
Response surface methodology was successfully applied
for transesterification of methanol. The high regression
coefficients of the second order polynomial showed that the
model was well fitted to the experimental data.
Biodiesel production has a negative quadratic behavior
the temperature, the molar ratio of alcohol to oil and catalyst
concent ration.
The methyl ester produced under optimal conditions has
acceptable properties
and compares well with petro-diesel. It has lower sulfur, carbon
residue and acid
number of petro-diesel, but the kinematic viscosity, cetane
number and heating
value of petro-diesel is slightly better with respect to biodiesel.
