Hi Guys! I need some help with this questions from the Operating Syste.docx

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Hi Guys! I need some help with this questions from the Operating Systems class. Any help will be appreciated and rated ++! Thanks! 1-Multiple Processor System: a- What is the difference between shared memory multi-processor, message passing multicomputer and a distributed system? b- How Multiple cores that access same share memomy space? c- Explain the different types of multiprocessors Operating System. d- Define and describe the different multiprocessor scheduling. e- Briefly describe the TCP/IP protocol. Solution a- What is the difference between shared memory multi-processor, message passing multicomputer and a distributed system In shared memory multi-processor, same memory block is shared between various processors. Message passing refer to the message packets are sent between computers and distributed systems refer to system who\'s components are connected through network and they communicated using messages b- How Multiple cores that access same share memomy space? In the modern world, we have various multiprocessors techniques that makes it happend. Like in MISD (Multiple Instruction Single Data) its provide same data at same time to multiple processors. There ia also a techniqu called SIMD(single instruction Multiple Data) that also provide same data to various processors c- Explain the different types of multiprocessors Operating System. 1. Master-Slave MultiProcessor: This type of multiprocessors are used in early days here One CPU is master and others are slaves. Operating system is attached to Master only, and others calls are redirected to the master. 2. Symmetric MultiProcessor: Here in this case we have one copy of the operating system but it can be be run by any of the CPU. 3. Asymmetric MultiProcessor: Here in this case very processor have its own operating system. e- Briefly describe the TCP/IP protocol. TCP/IP is called as an internet protocol which is bases of client/server architecture. Its basically two layer protocol. First layer is the Transmission Control Protocol that assembles the data packets to smaller packets, thare are going to be transmitted over internet. Second layer is basically a Internet Protocol, that handles the address of each smaller packets. .

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1. Master-Slave MultiProcessor: This type of multiprocessors are used in early days here One
CPU is master and others are slaves. Operating system is attached to Master only, and others
calls are redirected to the master.
2. Symmetric MultiProcessor: Here in this case we have one copy of the operating system but it
can be be run by any of the CPU.
3. Asymmetric MultiProcessor: Here in this case very processor have its own operating system.
e- Briefly describe the TCP/IP protocol.
TCP/IP is called as an internet protocol which is bases of client/server architecture. Its basically
two layer protocol. First layer is the Transmission Control Protocol that assembles the data
packets to smaller packets, thare are going to be transmitted over internet. Second layer is
basically a Internet Protocol, that handles the address of each smaller packets.

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Inter-Process-Communication (or IPC for short) are mechanisms provided by the kernel to allow processes to communicate with each other. The types of inter process communication on Linux OS are: The following IPC mechanisms are supported by Windows: 1. Clipboard - The clipboard acts as a central depository for data sharing among applications. When a user performs a cut or copy operation in an application, the application puts the selected data on the clipboard in one or more standard or application-defined formats. Any other application can then retrieve the data from the clipboard, choosing from the available formats that it understands. 2. File Mapping - File mapping enables a process to treat the contents of a file as if they were a block of memory in the process\'s address space. The process can use simple pointer operations to examine and modify the contents of the file. When two or more processes access the same file mapping, each process receives a pointer to memory in its own address space that it can use to read or modify the contents of the file. 3. Mailslot - Mailslots provide one-way communication. Any process that creates a mailslot is a mailslot server. Other processes, called mailslot clients, send messages to the mailslot server by writing a message to its mailslot. 4. RPC - RPC enables applications to call functions remotely. Therefore, RPC makes IPC as easy as calling a function. RPC operates between processes on a single computer or on different computers on a network. 5. Windows Socket - Windows Sockets is a protocol-independent interface capable of supporting current and emerging networking capabilities. The following IPC mechanisms are supported by Mac OS: 1. Mach Ports : Mach 3.0 is capable of running as a stand-alone kernel, with other traditional OS- services like IO, file systems and networking stack running as user mode.It is much faster to make a direct call between linked components than it is to send messages or do RPC between separate tasks. 2. Apple Events : Universally supported by GUI applications on Mac OS for remote control.Operations like opening or telling an application to open a file or quit etc can be done using these. 3. Pasteboard - Copy Paste , Drag and drop done between applications is performed using this technique. 4. Distributed Objects - Remote messaging feature of Cocoa to call an object in different Cocoa applicaton. Windows server uses the best technique to manage IPC because a) It provides an efficient way for two or more processes on the same computer to share data. b) It is capable of supporting current and emerging networking capabilities, such as quality of service monitoring, robust asynchronous communication, I/O completion ports for superior performance, and protocol-specific network features. => Multiprocessing : refers to the use of two or morecentral processing units (CPU) within a single computer system.All the operating systems provide support for multiprocessing. Windows manages.

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