i-feminisimu

1. ngefeminizimu1-170901120337.doc
I-FEMINIZIMU EMIBHALWENI
(FEMINISM IN LITERATURE)
• Iyini ifeminizimu? Lona wumbutho
okhuluma/oqhakambisa ukulingana
phakathi kwabantu besilisa
nabesifazane. Le thiyori ivamise
ukudingidwa kabanzi eSifundweni
Sokuhlalisana kwabantu
(Sociology). Ngokwemibhalo
singathi lena yithiyori ebheka
ukuvezwa kwabantu besifazane
nezimpilo zabo emibhalweni uma
beqhathaniswa nabesilisa.
Ifeminizimu iqophisana / imelelene
nokungalingani kwabantu
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2. emphakathini okusekelwe phezu
kobulili babo.
• Izinkulumo zokucwasana
ngokobulili ziyinto endala
njengesintu uqobo. U-Aristotle
(284BC – 322BC) oyinzululwazi
(philosopher) uthi: “The female is
female by virtue of a certain lack of
qualities.” [Owesifazane
ungowesifazane ngoba kukhona
okuthile okuyizimpawu angenakho
noma okushodayo ngaye.] USt.
Thomas Aquinas yena uthi:
woman is an “imperfect man”
[Owesifazane ungumuntu
ongaphelelisiwe noma
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3. onamaphutha ekwakhiweni
kwakhe.]
• Abesifazane bayizingane
(nangesiLungu: baby), bathathwa
njengabangenamandla
• U-Pisan nongowesifazane uma
ebhala ngeminyaka yawo-1405,
uthi uMdali wadala owesilisa
nowesifazane ukuthi balingane
• UMary Wollstonecraft (1792)
waba ngowokuqala ukuzwakalisa
ukucindezeleka kwabantu
besifazane emiphakathini. Isimo
somuntu wesifazane emphakathini
usifanisa nomlando wezigqila noma
ubugqila emhlabeni (slave
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4. trade/slavery). Owesifazane
ungaphansi kowesilisa futhi
uyamnakekela njengoba nezigqila
zazinomsebenzi wokunakekela
abanikazi bazo.
• UVirgina Woolf: Indlela
eyisikompilo elawulwa ngabantu
besilisa emiphakathini noma
eqhakambisa ubukhulu babantu
besilisa (patriarchy), ivimba
abesifazane ukuthi bakwazi
ukubonisa amakhono abo kanye
nalokho abakwazi ukukwenza.
• Kukhona abanye abalobi
besifazane abathi: “A woman’s
condition is a nervous condition”
(Ungafunda incwadi kaTsitsi
4

5. Dangarembga waseZimbabwe ethi,
Nervous Conditions, 1988; kanye
nocwaningo luka-Florence Stratton
oluthi, Contemporary African
Literature and the Politics of
Gender, 1994)
• Abanye baphinde bagxeke
ukuphatheka kwabantu besifazane
emphakathini ngendlela engafani
neyabesilisa njengento enomsuka
ekuhlelekeni kwenkolo: Uma
sithandaza noma sikhuluma sithi,
“Baba wethu oseZulwini… noma
“Egameni likayise, eleNdodana
nelikaMoya ongcwele”. Kungani
singenaye umama waseZulwini
kanye nendodakazi? Kuthiwa
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6. uNkulunkulu, ubaba, nguyena
owadala umuntu. Emhlabeni sazi
ukuthi owesifazane noma
ngumame okwazi ukuletha
umntwana emahlabeni;
ngokubheka lokho nje akufanele
ngabe uNkulunkulu
ungowesifazane?
• Ukuze owesifazane akhombise
amandla akhe nokucabanga
okuletha uguquko emphakathini
kuswelekile enze okungaphandle
kwemisebenzi okwaziwa ukuthi
ingeyabesimame.
• Amaqiniso ababayo: Abesifazane
kuthiwa bangabasizi kodwa
emakhaya imisebenzi eminingi
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7. yenziwa yibo abesilisa bengenzi
lutho; Amadoda kuthiwa yiwona
ayizinhloko zamakhaya kodwa
umsebenzi omningi wasekhaya
njengokupheka, ukuhlanza indlu,
ukuwasha, ukukhulisa izingane,
kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi
umndeni awulali ngamanzi (lokhu
kuyiqiniso emizini eminingi
eNingizimu Afrika) kwenziwa
ngabantu besifazane. Mingaki imizi
ephilayo ephethwe ngabafazi
ngoba amadoda ebhungukile,
engasebenzi, engazimisele
ngokufuna umsebenzi noma elibele
wutshwala?
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8. • Amanye amampunge ngawokuthi
owesifazane akumele abe nolwazi
oluningi ngoba luqeda inhlonipho.
Akumele intombazane ifunde
ngoba izohamba iyogana.
• Imisebenzi eyaziwa ngokuthi
ngeyabantu besifazane ifaka
phakathi: ukupheka, ukuwasha,
ukuhlanza indlu, ukuthunga,
ubunesi, ububhalane
• Imisebenzi ababengavunyelwe
ukuyenza noma ukuyifundela uma
kwenzekile bafunda: ubunjiniyela,
ubuphoyisa, ipolitiki, ukwakha, njll.
• Ifeminizimu imayelana nokuthi
abesifazane bangakwazi ukwenza
8

9. izinto ezenziwa ngabesilisa futhi
ngesinye isikhathi babedlule labo
besilisa ekwenzeni leyo misebenzi
(Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, Adv.
Thuli Madonsela, nokungosopolitiki
(mhlawumbe kufanele sithi:
onopolitiki) abanegalelo elikhulu
ezweni lakithi ukwedlula iningi
labalingani babo besilisa.)
• Ezincwadini uma ufuna ukuthola
mayelana nokulingana kanye
nokungalingani kobulili kumele
uzibuze le mibuzo:
1. Ngabe indaba yonke imayelana
nomlingiswa wesifazane?
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10. 2. Ngabe abalingiswa besifazane
bakhombisa ukuzimela noma
bancike kwabesilisa?
3. Ngabe umbhali ugqugquzela
abesifazane ukuthi bazimele
uma benza izinto?
4. Ngabe abesifazane
abasendabeni basebenza
misebenzi mini?
5. Kuyenzeka yini bazithole
bengaphansi kwabesilisa
ngokwamandla okuphatha
nokuthatha izinqumo noma
cha?
6. Bayakhuluma ngamalungelo
abo noma cha? Ngabe
banezindlela abazizamayo
10

11. zokuphuma engcindezelweni
noma cha?
7. Abalingiswa besifazane
bazichaza kanjani bona uqobo?
Ubulili babo babubona kanjani
uma beziqhathanisa nabesilisa?
Ngabe bakhombisa ukuphuma
emikhaleni yokuzichaza
ngezindlela ezaziwa ngokuthi
ziyingcindezelo eza nemithetho
evuna abesilisa? Ngaphandle
kokuba ngomama bezingane
namakhosikazi emizi, bachazwa
kuthiweni?
8. Injani indlela yokukhulisa
abantwana bobulili
obahlukahlukene?
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