Speech and Personality; Analysis of personality; Types of personality; Concepts of Personality by Freud; Jung; Maslow and Vivekanand; Personality Assessment.

1. Speech & Personality
Analysis; Types; Concepts
Dr Debaleena Dutta
BSH Department, PSIT Kanpur

2. Carl Jung: 4 Binary-sets of a human
personality
• Carl Jung was a Swiss doctor, also known as the father of analytical
psychology.
• He observed different patients during his vast career, and broadly
categorized people into 4 types of binary opposites:
i. Extraversion vs. introversion
ii. Sensation vs. intuition
iii. Thinking vs. feeling
iv. Judging vs. perceiving
• The objective was to help people understand themselves—their strong and
weak points while working in a team, and work actively to improve
themselves and help others.

3. Jung’s 4 Binary-sets of a human personality
i. Extraverted vs Introverted: Mainly observed during discussion sessions.
In a team, some people lead the way to introduce topics, resolve
conflicts, etc. The first ones to speak, they are called the extraverted
personality. The other set—the introverted, prefer to listen, analyze, and
then speak. They are reserved/shy in nature.
ii. Intuitive vs Sensitive: Intuitive people look for patterns and meanings in
information. They read between the lines, think abstractly, and are
innovative and future-focused. Sensing people use their 5 senses to
gather information. They're focused on the facts, practical ideas, step-
by-step procedures, and are present-oriented. Some people have great
business ideas, but do not know how to execute them. They need team
members who can make step-by-step roadmap for them to reach their
goal. The first is intuitive, the second is sensitive.

4. Jung’s 4 Binary-sets of a human personality
iii. Thinking vs Feeling: Thinking personality types prefer to use facts,
data, and objectivity to make a decision. Feeling personality types will
prefer to use emotional factors such as the emotional impact on
themselves or others to make decisions. Eg.: people who analyze data
and recommend staff-reduction are the thinking types. The people who
work on delivering the negative news with empathy are the feeling
types.
iv. Judging vs Perceiving: A person with a judging personality has a
preference for order and decisiveness. A person with a perceiving
personality prefers easygoing style and relaxed deadlines. People who
handle documentation fall in the judging category, while those handling
any kind of creative task, fall in the perceiving category.

5. Sigmund Freud: Concepts of Id, Ego, Superego
• Individual mind has facets:
i. conscious
ii. Unconscious
• Conscious mind is responsible for
discipline and restraint that are required
to live in a civil society.
• Conscious mind is the tip of the iceberg. It
is majorly controlled by the elements of
Unconscious.
• Unconscious mind is the seat of desires
and instincts. It directs all actions
necessary for survival.

6. Parts of personality: Id, Ego and Superego
• Id: Id is the storehouse of our primal desires and fears, that are generated during
our early childhood years. These desires and fears shape our goals and influence
the choices we make, throughout our lives.
Eg. The loss of a parent, or lack of sufficient attention from a parent, instigates fear
in a child, and triggers coping mechanisms. When the child grows into an adult,
she/he may develop trust issues with friends or partners.
Ego: It is the general personality of a person. Eg.—a person who has suffered lack
of love or support in childhood, will grow up to be over-possessive or non-
committing.
• SuperEgo: It is the moral restraint that society puts on us, so that we do not
blindly act according to our desires or fears. Eg. A person with commitment issues
in personal relationship may still function well in a team, because of the fear of
negative consequences if she/he broke the code of ethics and morality.

7. Abraham Maslow: The Needs Hierarchy
• Personality is a product of our goals
and resultant actions.
• Our goals depend on our different
needs at different stages of life.
• Maslow has given a 5-tier hierarchy of
such needs that are common to all
humans.

8. The Needs Hierarchy of Maslow
The Five Basic needs from bottom to top are:
1. Physiological Needs: Food, water, temporary shelter, sleep, etc.
2. Safety Needs: A sense of security of the self, job security, health security,
safe environment, etc.
3. Belongingness and Love Needs: Starting relationships and family.
4. Esteem Needs: Self-confidence, respect, good reputation, etc in office and
society.
5. Self Actualization: Person feels like giving back to the society: involving in
the betterment of others.
These Hierarchy of Needs form the basis of motivations, goals and actions for
an individual, and hence, form his/her personality.

9. Swami Vivekanand: 5 layers of Existence
We have 5 layers of our existence.
These are:
i. Body
ii. Energy
iii. Mind
iv. Wisdom
v. Blissfulness
Together, they are the 5 cells of
human existence, called Pancha-
Kosha.
Body
Energy
Mind
Wisdom
Blissfulness

10. 5 layers of existence & Personality
i. Body: Physical well-being is the basic premise of all our existence,
actions and efforts.
ii. Energy: The willingness to improve our life conditions. This layer directly
affects the Body and the Mind.
iii. Mind: the ‘database’ of the reports generated by our sensory
perceptions. We store all positive and negative feedback and plan our
future actions accordingly.
iv. Wisdom: the knowledge that we get from other great minds, through
science, philosophy, literature, etc. It controls our actions from being
guided blindly by desires.
v. Blissfulness: An ideal state of being, where human consciousness feels
one with the Universe / Supreme Godhead.

11. Assessment of Personality
• Speech and Actions, in the contexts of place, time and people, indicate the
personality of an individual.
• Both are governed by a person’s:
a. Innate nature [Jung’s 4 binary sets]
b. Life goals, which, in turn are controlled by childhood experience and social
training [Freud Id, Ego, Super-ego]
c. Current Need [Maslow’s Need hierarchy], i.e. social security, love, recognition,
etc.
d. Current area of improvement [any of the initial 4 stages of Vivekananda’s
concept of self, on which a person needs to work upon],i.e. physical fitness,
motivation level, empathy and ability to learn.
We need to assess ourselves on these parameters, and be empathetic to our team-
members on the same parameters, to grow as an effective team player and leader.

12. References
• https://www.verywellmind.com/jungs-theory-of-personality-learning-
styles-2795160.
• https://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.html.