2. Definition
• Conditionals are a set of cause-effect
sentences.
• The cause-part starts with ‘If’ or ‘When’.
[It is also known as ‘if-clause’].
Eg: When water boils, it evaporates.
If I sleep late, I get a headache next morning.
4. The Zero Conditional
We use Zero conditional when we are talking
about:
✓Scientific fact
✓Common knowledge
✓Personal facts that are always true
✓Making requests/giving instructions.
5. Examples: Scientific Facts
A. When water boils at 100 degrees, it evaporates.
B. When cancer is not detected early, it becomes deadly.
C. Water freezes, when it is cooled at zero degree.
D. Fire goes out, if water is poured over it.
6. Structure:
Both sides have V1 form
A. When water boils at 100 degrees, it evaporates.
B. When cancer is not detected early, it becomes deadly.
C. Water freezes, when it is cooled at zero degree.
D. Fire goes out, if water is poured over it.
7. Examples:
Personal facts that always happen
1. Whenever I sleep late, I get a headache.
2. If my sister eats ice-cream, she catches cold.
3. My day goes bad, when I see a black cat crossing
the road.
8. Structure: V1 on both sides
1. Whenever I sleep late, I get a headache.
2. If my sister eats ice-cream, she catches cold.
3. My day goes bad, when I see a black cat crossing
the road.
9. Examples: Things available to common
knowledge
1. When you have money, everything seems rosy.
2. When you are poor, everything seems grey.
3. Dogs bark, when the caravan passes.
4. People talk, when you do something opposite to their
expectations.
10. Examples: Requests/ instructions
“If you are harassed on road, call the helpline
no.”, the poster said.
‘When you see violence, do not close your eyes,’
the poster said.
‘If there is fire, avoid lifts’, the notice stated.
11. The structure of Zero Conditional is
Cause-Part Effect-Part
If/When…V1 V1
13. First Conditional
We use first conditional to talk about
▪ Possible future events, and their results.
Eg.:
✓Professional advice
✓ Threats
✓ Promises
✓Persuading someone
15. Example: Advice
• If you eat healthy, you will live long.
• If you exercise regularly, you will never have
heart problems.
• If you work hard, you will succeed.
16. Examples: Threats
• If you do not have 90 percent attendance, you cannot sit in
the exams.
• ‘If US attacks again, we will hit back’, the Talibans said.
• You will not get well if you do not take medicine.
• The I-T department will send police if you do not pay taxes.
17. Examples: Promises
• I will keep you happy forever if you marry me.
• ‘If I become the President, I will make America great
again’, said Donald Trump.
18. Examples: Persuasion
‘If you buy from us, you will get 20 % discount plus 3 years’
warranty,’ said the seller.
‘You will be fairer in 5 weeks, if you use Fair and Lovely’.
19. Special use of 1st conditional in Legal
Language
Structure: Cause-part Effect-part
If + Shall Shall + effect
Example:
If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days
[…] the same shall be law.
CAUSE-PART
EFFECT-PART
21. Second Conditional
Use 1:
• We all have wishes; desires.
• When we talk about
✓Future / Present situation
✓Which has 0-1% chance of happening
we use second conditional.
If I won a million dollars, I would go to see the South Pole.
If I were you, I would accept this job.
22. Examples
‘If I were you, I would say ‘yes’ to him’, the friend said to the girl.
If I won a million dollars, I would travel the whole world.
I would watch Netflix all day, if today were declared a holiday.
But I am not you.
My chance of becoming You is 0%
But the chance of getting million dollars
is 0-1%, almost nil.
But chances of that are 0-1%
24. Examples
‘If I were you, I would say ‘yes’ to him’, the friend said to the girl.
If I were a millionaire, I would travel the whole world.
I would watch Netflix all day, if today were declared a holiday.
V2 verb V2 modal
of wish
V2 modal of wish V2 verb
26. Third Conditional
• We have regrets on our past.
• Negative memories, which we want to erase, but we
cannot.
• When we talk about our regrets, we use third
conditional.
• Also, when we talk of a hypothetical sequence of
events that did not happen, we use 3rd Conditional.
This helps in proving our theory about something.
28. Examples
If I had worked harder, I would have got a better job.
If India had sealed borders timely, COVID-19 would have
spread less.
29. Examples
If I had worked harder, I would have got a better job.
If India had sealed borders timely, COVID-19 could have stopped
spreading in India.
30. Third Conditional: Hypothesis
If China were innocent, it would have never silenced the early
reports of COVID-19.
If the police were active, the riots would never have happened.
But fact is, China silenced the early reports. (past event)
So, it must be guilty of developing the COVID-19 virus. Theory proved.
But fact is, riots happened. (past event). So, Police was inactive. Theory proved.
31. Structure of 3rd Conditional:
Hypothesis sentences
Cause-part Effect-Part
If…V2 verb would have V3
If police were active they would have
arrested the killer by now.
32. Solve:
Identify the Type of Conditionals
1. If I don't drink coffee in the afternoon, I feel sleepy.
2. I will tell her if I meet her.
3. I would have helped her if I had been there.
4. If you want to play a musical instrument, you have to
practice.
5. If I have enough time tomorrow, I will come and see you.
33. Solve:
Identify the Type of Conditionals
6. If you eat too much, you get fat.
7. What would you do if you lost your job?
8. If you had run a bit faster, you would have won.
9. If I were you, I would buy it as soon as possible.
10. If he had gone to university, he would have got a better job.
![Definition
• Conditionals are a set of cause-effect
sentences.
• The cause-part starts with ‘If’ or ‘When’.
[It is also known as ‘if-clause’].
Eg: When water boils, it evaporates.
If I sleep late, I get a headache next morning.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)