Intensive Day

intensive day
Study Questions: 1.) Why is sub–soiling needed in soils with hard pans?
Sub–soiling is essential especially to hard pan layer because it will help the roots penetrate deep and be able to explore and obtain water and nutrients
from larger volume of soil. Hard span obstructs root's downward proliferation and restricts root growth of crops (of crops that have vertical root
growth). With sub–soiling, the needed soil depth, at least 80cm will be met . With sub–soiling, we can break hard pan without inversion and with less
disturbance of top soil.
2.) Show that a triangular system has 15% more plants than a square system using the same distance of planting by computing the number of plants in
each system.
If we give certain values for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These includes in sequence, plouging, clod crushing, leveling, discing , harrowing, manure mixing & compacting the soil and implements to be used
are ploughs, clod crushers, disc ploughs or harrow , bladed harrow etc.
It includes primary & secondary tillage:
a) Primary tillage: It mainly includes the ploughing operation which is opening of the compacted soil with the help of different ploughs. Ploughing is
done to:
1) Open the hard soil,
2) Separate the top soil from lower layers,
3) Invert the soil whenever necessary and
4) Uproot the weeds & stubbles.
The cutting & inverting of the soil that is done after the harvest of the crop or untitled fallow or to bring virgin or new land under cultivation is called
primary tillage. It may be done once or twice a tear in normal or settled agriculture or once in four to five years in dry land agriculture. b) Secondary
tillage : Lighter or finer operation performed on the soil after primary tillage are known as secondary tillage which includes the operations performed
after ploughing, leveling, discing, harrowing etc.
2. Seedbed preparation: when the soil is brought to a condition suitable for germination of seeds & growth of crops, called as SEEDBED.
After preparatory tillage the land is to be laid out properly for irrigating crops if irrigation is available for sowing or planting seeding which are known
as seedbed preparation: It includes harrowing, leveling, compacting the soil, preparing irrigation layouts such as

... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Secondary And Types Of Secondary Nutrients
Secondary & Micronutrients Secondary nutrients are also required for plant growth and consist of Sulfur, Calcium, and Magnesium. Though they are
secondary they are still quite abundant in the soil and are utilized within the complex functions a plant needs to grow. Sulfur is important for its
presence in vitamins and enzymes, calcium is essential to the structure of the cell wall, and magnesium is the main electron carrier in the
photosynthetic reaction (Prasad & Power, 1997, p. 243). Micronutrients are those that are only found in trace amounts but are still quite important in
many of the metabolic functions of the plant. The lack of some of these micronutrients are responsible for a variety of deficiencies a plant may
encounter due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
119). Soil microbes not only produce accessible nitrogen, but they also fix many nutrients which are specific to plant growth (Araujo & Melo, 2010, p.
2421). These microbes naturally fertilize plants and soils which embraces microbial life and more active nutrient cycling.
Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizal fungi play a large role in the terrestrial manifestation of plants (their movement onto land). This is because this species of fungi form a
symbiotic relationship with plant roots, allowing them to have more surface area and an overall greater water and nutrient absorption. These symbiotic
relationships occur in majority of plants and growth results can be drastic since mycorrhizae allows for greater phosphorus consumption than the
15–20% consumed by plants without mycorrhizae (Prasad & Power, 1997, p. 171). This fungus can be inoculated and integrated within the soil when
planting new crops, giving the plant roots greater potential for nutrients. Mycorrhizae naturally occurs on the majority of plant roots making them
abundant in natural soil ecosystems and forest floors.
Other Important Aspects of Soil
Organic Litter Organic litter makes up the uppermost layer of soil and is supplemented by dead leaves, branches, trees, and dead animal waste. These
are all forms of organisms rich in organic compounds that supply soil microbes with the raw material to convert into the components of soil and usable
nutrients. This

Unit 7 construction and maintenance of buildings
Unit 7 – Construction and maintenance of buildings
Assignment 1
P1.1:
Desktop Surveys – This survey takes place before the site has been visited and before construction has begun which is during the very early stages of
planning. The survey involves a number of different things like the internet, books, maps, geological maps and council offices which all play a part
within the survey. A good starting point is to consult a number of large scale maps of the proposed site to check the site boundaries, building lines,
existing buildings and other man–made, or natural, features which will affect the future buildings. A comparison with older maps may give some clues
to determine former use and potential hazards that may arise.
Walk over survey ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Analysis of representative soil samples will also be undertaken to characterise different soil material, for example, pH, particle size, organic matter,
potential contaminants and so on.
P1.2:
Ground investigations are a crucial part of the survey as they determine the nature of the land and explains the different types of soil which helps
identify the type of foundations that should be used or how water absorbent the soil is. A few stages of a ground investigation include; Trial Pitting,
Dynamic Probe testing/Sampling, Cable Percussive Boreholes and Rotary Boreholes.
Trial Pitting – Trial pits can easily be performed by hand but it will take triple the amount of time and you won't be able to get a good depth to get a
good samples. Trial pits are usually dug mechanically because it is finished much faster and can be dug a lot deeper. Trial pits are normally
excavated at 4.5m deep as this provides a good insight of what the foundations will be sitting on and it provides information if deeper foundations are
needed. The advantages of machinery is that greater depths can be achieved which would result in a more detailed soil sample test etc. A disadvantage
of this would be minor ground disturbance which could cause problems.
Dynamic probe testing/Sampling – This can be performed with a tracked percussive or pneumatic samplers which then collect the samples in plastic test

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cropland
CONVERSION OF GRASSLANDS TO CROPLANDS
There appears fewer studies on the effects of grassland to cropland conversion than on the forest to cropland conversions which has been studied in
much more detail. For example, many soils in Africa under cereal crops were grasslands before they were cultivated. Conversion of these grassland
has caused a decline in soil organic Carbon This decline reduced the nutrient stocks and resulted in the off–site effect of increased water and wind
erosion. The large scale conversion of grassland in the central plains to cropland caused severe soil erosion reported by Uzoho et al, (2007).
2.2.3CONVERSION OF COASTAL WETLANDS
Dent and Pons, (1995) reported that in coastal wetlands with tidal swamps and inland marshes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Seventy percent of Earth's land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the deforestation that destroys their homes." The trees of
the rainforest that provide shelter for some species also provide the canopy that regulates the temperature, a necessity for many others. Its removal
through deforestation would allow a more drastic temperature variation from day to night, much like a desert, which could prove fatal for current

Seepage Control in Earthen Dams
Most dams in active use today exhibit seepage of one form or another. The location, rate of flow, and turbidity (clear or murky) are the critical
factors when evaluating the seriousness of seepage from a dam. Seepage is the continuous movement of water from the upstream face of the dam
toward its downstream face, and is a major minor problem when it comes to the life span of dams and embankments. It is a major minor problem
because if controlled the affects are minor and not hazardous, but if not controlled it can become a major problem and possibly result in failures.
–Conditions of Seepage– Most dams have some seepage through or around the embankment as a result of water moving through the soil structure. If the
seepage forces are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most failures caused by groundwater and seepage can be classified into one of two categories based on the type of soil movement that is occurring.
The failures will typically develop over a relatively long period of time so there will be ample warning if routine inspections are performed. The two
categories of failure include those that take place when soil particles migrate to an escape exit and cause piping or erosion failures, and those that are
caused by uncontrolled seepage patterns that lead to saturation, internal flooding, excessive uplift, or excessive seepage forces.
–Controlling Seepage– Regularly scheduled monitoring and inspection is essential to detect seepage and prevent dam failure. Inspections should be
made periodically throughout the year. Frequency should be based on hazard classification of the dam. Higher classified dams should be checked
more common, compared to those that are lower hazard classified. At a minimum all dams should be visually inspected at least every six months,
before a predicted major storm event, during or after severe rainstorms or snowmelts, and inspected weekly after construction is complete and
reservoir filling is ongoing, and for at least two months after the reservoir has been filled. Dam inspections performed on a regular basis are the most
economical aid a dam owner can use to assure the safety and long life of the structure while reducing liability risks. If seepage is detected on a

Soil Conservation
Soil, which is one of the most important natural resources, is often less heeded. The importance of soil conservation is relatively less talked about as
compared to the conservation of water and other natural resources. The almost–omnipresent soil is mostly taken for granted. Its omnipresence is
ironically the reason behind us, human beings, taking it for a ride. We rarely even think of it as a natural resource that needs to be conserved, a part of
the natural wealth that needs to be preserved.
The concept of the conservation of soil takes into account, the strategies for preventing the soil from getting eroded and preventing it from losing its
fertility due to an adverse alteration in its chemical composition. Here are some ways to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Salinity of soil is detrimental to the vegetative life in the soil. The death of vegetation is bound to cause soil erosion. Hence, salinity management is one
of the indirect ways to conserve soil.
Soil organisms: Organisms like earthworms and others benefiting the soil should be promoted. Earthworms, through aeration of soil, enhance the
availability of macronutrients in soil. They also enhance the porosity of soil. The helpful organisms of soil promote its fertility and form an element in
the conservation of soil.
Indigenous Crops: Planting of native crops is known to be beneficial for soil conservation. If non–native plants are grown, the fields should be
bordered by indigenous crops to prevent soil erosion and achieve soil

The On The Soil Lacks For Life On Mars Essay
The soil lacks in nutrients. Therefore, greenhouses would have to be built and constructed in a way that the plants can adapt to the environment in
almost a similar way to Earth. This would allow the plants to grow on Mars and over some time, create food for life on Mars. To have this greenhouse
on Mars it would help grow plants for food, recycling and for replenishing the air. The main disadvantage to easily growing plants on Mars is the low
atmospheric pressure that would make the plants act as if they are quickly drying out and dying. To get around this issue on Mars, we would have to
be able to control the air pressure in the greenhouse. Scientists have stated that "A hydroponics system allows the plants to grow without soil, while
artificial light ensures the plants are able to grow efficiently".
The food planted needs to have enough nutrients in its roots to be able to grow and have enough nutrients for humans to survive. For human survival,
we would have to plant enough plants for some to be used as creating oxygen in the atmosphere and the edible portion to our nutrition. This would keep
us healthy on Mars and be able to survive. Surprisingly enough, the Martian soil contains nutrients that is even more nourished than some of Earth's
soils. This means that the soil doesn't lack any nutrients to grow food, it is the excessive volume of Perchlorate chemicals which would cause adverse
effects on a human's health. On Mars, as the plant grows, it starts to absorb the

Water Is Essential For Any Plants
In order for any plants to grow you need water. Water is essential for any and all life to be sustainable. Water itself is made up of hydrogen and
oxygen. This happens through chemical processes in which two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom in order to fulfill a complete outer
energy shell. When the process is completed water is formed.
Water is found all around you. It 's in lakes, river, streams, oceans and even in canals. Water makes up 70% of the world. 2% of it is frozen at the
poles in glaciers. Although it 's most of the world, not all of the water is drinkable. Roughly 3% of earth 's water is fresh water and drinkable.
Through scientific research, a person can only go two days without drinking or consuming any water before they die. Water also keeps kidneys
functioning and working properly.
Photosynthesis is what plants use to create their food, and water is crucial to this process. Water comes through plant 's stems and travels up to its
leaves, which is where photosynthesis actually takes place. Once in the leaves water evaporates, as the plant exchanges water for carbon dioxide. This
glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate by cellular respiration.
Sunlight is earth 's most valuable light source. Without the sun earth wouldn 't have plants and the earth 's temperature would be below zero in under a
week. If the sun would miraculously go out, it would take eight and a half minutes to reach earth. Within nine

Organic Gardening Research Paper
Research paper
Organic gardening means not using synthetic fertilizers or pesticide. Organic gardening is important because it can help better with the environment, It
can help with people's health problems, also help with the nutrition growth of the soils and plants, and many plants that have pesticide is bad for many
reasons.
Organic gardening can help better the earth's environment in many ways to bring the environment at a better state. There are many benefits that helps
with the environment. "There are amazing benefits to live healthy soil, both to the plants as well as to the environment." (WOLFE) The quote explains
that moving to organic planting can help with the soil which would later on also help the environment. In my opinion this is better for the
environment to switch to organic gardening. "Not only will you improve the soil fertility of your farm or garden but you command higher prices for
you premium crops." (Hall) this quote states that organic gardening won't only improve soil but make the crops better quality from what we have now
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"You have to get the chemicals out. Why would you put petroleum products on the soil and kill soil life?" the quote states that the soil life is being
harmed and killed by the use of other products to "better" the crop. "Organic farming contributes to terroir by getting out of the way of the plants
natural metabolism." this quote says that organic farming is good for the natural metabolism in plants that make it very healthy. Organic "definition:
The growing of crops without the use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides." the quote states that the meaning of organic farming is to farm the plants
without the use of many other products that harm the soil and the plants that later also harm the

How Do Volcanoes Affect The Life-Span Of Earth?
There have been around 1,500 volcanoes during the life–span of earth. Those volcanoes affect many factors in their surrounding regions. Volcanoes can
improve the land and assist agricultural farms. Examples include Mount Vesuvius by the Italian city of Naples and Hawaii's Mauna Loa.
Volcanic eruptions, such as Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii, can reform the surrounding landscape. Ash and deposits of minerals from the eruption
serve to richen the soil. After much weathering, the soils are "among the richest on the earth"(Russell McDonaugh). These soils assist farmers grow
their crops and allow natural vegetation to flourish like in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Volcanic eruptions improve natural landscapes by bringing
nutrients that enhance

A Research On Organic And Chemical Essay
Organic and chemical are both antagonistic words, and both are rivals to say in the horticulture and agriculture industries, as one of the words invokes
a sense of greenery and meadows while the other hinders to synthetic mixtures and various concoctions in a sterilized environment. What organic
fertilizers means is that they are minimally processed, in which the nutrients are sourced in their natural form. Most of these sources are made from
plant waste, animal wastes, and powdered materials such as glacial rock dust and bone meal. On the other hand, chemical fertilizers are refined
nutrients from extracts that are mixed with chemical dressings to create a specific ratio. Chemical fertilizers are made from petroleum products, certain
rocks, and also from organic sources.
100 years ago a lone chemist, Fritz Haber, discovered ammonia synthesis, a process in which Fritz used a sheet of osmium inside a steel chamber,
flowing with nitrogen and hydrogen gas, and packed with pressure and enormous heat, created ammonia. Fritz was a genius, and he discovered
something many scientists had been frantically researching for years, the idea of turning nitrogen gas, which was abundant in the atmosphere, into a
physical form in which plants can take up as nutrients. The advent rise of chemical fertilizers has brought humans many great harvests in the turn of the
last century. It has given the ability for agriculture to sustain and feed humanity at an ever more increasing rate, from 1.6

Soil Respiration : The Greatest Terrestrial Contributor Of...
Soil respiration is the greatest terrestrial contributor of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and can be a direct indication of agricultural crop and soil
health (Schlesinger and Andrews, 2000). The amount of carbon dioxide generated from soil respiration is influenced by several factors including,
temperature, moisture, and carbon/nitrogen ratios in plant litter amongst others (Biology 208 Lab Manual 2016). The occurrence of soil respiration is as
a result of root respiration which signifying healthy plant roots, and soil decomposers and microbial activity, a sign of nutrient–rich soil (Rustad et al.
2000 and Bond–Lamberty et al. 2004). While limited carbon dioxide output shows poor soil quality and little microbial metabolic activity, excessive
output indicates over–tilling of soil and diminishing soil nutrients, which could decrease crop yield (USDA, 2012). Knowledge of how abiotic and
biotic factors influence CO2 output is industrially beneficial when trying to determine the best supplements for plant growth that contribute to
environmental sustainability.
Increased temperature plays a role in the amount of liberated carbon dioxide (Wan and Luo, 2003), and because cellular respiration is a metabolic
reaction, increased temperature will increase the activity of decomposers, releasing more carbon dioxide. To promote a sustainable environment and
optimum plant health, it is critical to be aware of the range of temperatures suitable for adequate soil respiration. If

Types Of Soil Life And Soil Chemistry
3. Mycorrhizal fungi
Mycorrhizal fungi form a bridge between the roots and the soil, gathering nutrients from the soil and giving them to the roots. In this association, the
fungus colonizes the host plant roots, either intracellular as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or extracellular as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. They are an
important component of soil life and soil chemistry. Arbuscularmycorrhiza, which is formed between plants and Glomeromycota fungi, has the widest
distribution in the nature (Sadhana, 2014). Both types (Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Endomycorrhizal Fungi.) penetrate the plant roots, ectomycorrhizae
spread their hyphae between root cells, while endomycorrhizae hyphae penetrate root cells.
Ectomycorrhizae hosts include members of the Pine, Oak and Beech families as well as few others in scattered families. Endomycorrhizae are the most
common, and are found in grasses, shrubs, some trees, and many other plants. There are four major plant families that usually do not form mycorrhizae:
Amaranthaceae (Pigweed family), Brassicaceae (Mustard family), Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot family) and Zygophyllaceae (Peters, 2002).
These plant families are well known as weeds.
Endomycorrhiza are variable and are further classified as arbuscular, ericoid, arbutoid, monotropoid and orchid mycorhizae. Arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in soil habitats and form beneficial symbiosis with the roots of angiosperms and other plants (Gerdemann, 1968).Most
terrestrial

Factors That Affect Soil Development
Factors Affecting Soil Development
Studies on the research of soil have shown that the profile of soils is influenced by five factors interacting with each there. These are: parent material,
climate, topography, organisms, and time.
Parent material:
This refers to the mineral material, or organic material from which the soil is formed. Soils will carry the characteristics of its parent material such as
color, texture, structure, mineral composition and so on. For example, if soils are formed from an area with large rocks (parent rocks) of red
sandstone, the soils will also be red in color and have the same feel as its parent material.
Time:
Soils can take many years to form. Younger soils have some characteristics from their parent... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also means more runoff, more percolation and more water erosion. They all help to determine the kind of soils in an area.
Relief:
This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. Steep, long slopes mean water will run down faster and potentially erode the surfaces of
slopes. The effect will be poor soils on the slopes, and richer deposits at the foot of the slopes. Also, slopes may be exposed to more direct sunlight,
which may dry out soil moisture and render it less fertile.
Organisms:
The source and richness of organic matter is down to the living things (plants and animals) that live on and in the soils. Plants in particular, provide lots
of vegetative residue that are added to soils. Their roots also hold the soils and protect them from wind and water erosion. They shelter the soils from
the sun and other environmental conditions, helping the soils to retain the needed moisture for chemical and biological reactions. Fungi, bacteria,
insects, earthworms, and burrowing animals help with soil aeration. Worms help breakdown organic matter and aid decomposition. Animal droppings,
dead insects and animals result in more decaying organic matter. Microorganisms also help with mineral and nutrient cycling and chemical reactions.
The Water Cycle
The water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle, operates similarly to biogeochemical cycles in which plant and animal nutrients move through the

atmosphere, the earth, and through living things. The

Core Aeration
How Can Core Aeration in Lexington KY Benefit You?
Soil needs to breathe under the surface of vegetation, and when we talk about that, we talk about aeration. Everything that is living needs oxygen for
combustion of fuel to procure energy, for the preservation of life. Therefore, it becomes very crucial to take care of the lawnsoil, in order to facilitate
the beauty of the landscape. Lawn aeration could be as simple as removing chunks of soil around the plant or digging holes to allow oxygen, fertilizers,
and water to enter the soil. In technical terms, it is just soil cultivation which has to be done in order to aerate the lawn.
How could one be benefitted from aeration?
Removing weed, unwanted growth, digging the soil and perforation, are all processes involved in aeration. Aeration promotes good health to the soil
and the vegetation. Everything about core lawn aeration has benefits written over it. It allows the exchange of oxygen and other ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This process of air exchange between the soil and the roots is basically what we are talking about and aiming at. Landscaping is our area of
expertise and we are fully equipped to achieve the same. As far as core aeration is concerned, digging out chunks of compacted soil which allow the
exchange of oxygen, water, and nutrients, is very crucial to successful landscaping. Everything about core lawn aeration sounds tedious, considering
the amount of time it consumes and the expenses one has to bear. However, core aeration is required just once in a year, mainly during the spring. We,
the team of core aeration in Lexington KY, help relieve the soil of your lawn from compaction, beautifying the landscape. The perforation of the soil
makes it more tolerant to heat and extreme conditions and the reduced soil compaction makes the lawn grow in no time. Thus, the picturesque, core
aeration in Lexington KY provides, is highly enticing and

The Effect Of Soil On The Soil Formation Of Soil
The soil is a complex mixture of minerals, water, air, organisms and organic matter that are decaying remains of once–living things. The soil is vital in
supporting plant life and all forms life. The soil is not consistent throughout the world because of the way that it is formed and environmental factors
that vary through the process of soil formation.
The factors that play the most important role in the formation of soil are climate, organisms, relief, parent material and time. These factors form the
acronym CLORPT that is used to describe the processes. Climate includes factors such as temperature and moisture; they are important in determining
the speed of weathering and the decay rate of the organic material. Organisms include animals that burrow through the soil that affects the
permeability and amount of air in the soil. Other organisms in the soil are bacteria that affect the rate of decay of organic matter. Relief is the
direction and slope of the surface. This factor determines the amount of sunlight and how much water is kept in the soil. Parent Material influences
the chemical characteristics of the soil. For example, a soil formed from limestone will have higher calcium concentration than soils that are formed
from a parent material with lower calcium than limestone. Time affects soil by how much time it had to develop. Older soil will be different than
younger soil because it has had more time to breakdown parent material and decay organic matter. CLORPT

The Geographic Landscape Of The African Continent
When it comes to discussing the geographic landscape of the African continent people are quick to overlook the important role that soil has played in
the development of cultures and civilizations in Africa because it can be so easily overshadowed by Africa's other geographic features such as its
rivers, mountains, deserts andgrasslands. However, to ignore soil is undoubtedly a mistake because "African soils cannot be separated from African
history" (Showers 118). Soils are literally the foundation of life, used for farming, building houses, making pottery, and mined for their mineral
deposits. They are "in themselves, historical bodies and they have interacted with human history since its beginning." (Showers 118). While looking for
information on the soil of Africa it is not uncommon to find descriptions such as "African soils are indeed poor" (Bohannan 23) while being
presented with the seemingly paradoxical fact that "By far the greatest number of Africans are farmers." (Bohannan 43). This paper will examine how
it is possible for Africa to be a continent consisting of such "poor soil" yet be full of such a rich history of farming that persists into present day. It will
explore the general characteristics of African soil, how humans have historically interacted with soil, and the way that outsiders have used
generalizations about Africa's soil to perpetuate Western misconceptions.
When attempting to gain insight into the general characteristics of African soil it is

Assess The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impact Of...
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, land care was a major purpose in life for Aboriginal people and although their approach was entirely sustainable, they
were actively intervening in the landscape. They involved activities such as damming creeks, fire–stick farming and sustainable harvesting methods.
(Roberts, 2014) The damming of creeks created natural watering holes for their own use as well as attracting animals to the area, which incidentally
resulted in a change in Australian landscape. Fire–stick farming was used to promote the growth of valued plants, with plant species unable to survive
fire and declining in numbers, and more resistant species, such as grass trees, eucalypts and acacias, dominating. The Indigenous harvesting techniques
were also quite sustainable in conserving resources. For example, women dug some varieties of yams in such a way that a portion which would
regenerate was left in the ground. (Williams, 1986, pp. 93–94) Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Indigenous Australians managed their lands in a
way that was sustainable and would ensure biodiversity for the future.
Describe advantages and disadvantages of the impact of 3 European farming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, they left huge impacts on the environment. Whilst the artificial fertilisers provided extra nutrition and improved yield, it also encouraged
weed growth, consequently, causing a demand for herbicides. The use of artificial fertilisers created runoff which entered rivers and contaminated
them, killing both aquatic life and the animals which relied on the rivers as their main water source. Apart from contaminating the rivers, they also
contaminated groundwater and this greatly changed the pH of the soil in a large area, resulting in the change of soil acidity and toxic water; which was
harmful towards the growing native

Essay about Compost Lab
Building a Compost Lab
Darius Dixon
Biology 5TH Period
6/7/10
Introduction Composting is nature's way of recycling and is the key to healthy soil and a healthy environment. Composting is a cost– efficient way of
getting rich natural soil for a very cheap price. There are numerous types of compost bins available to make; each enable the growth of lawns and
gardens. A compost pile is usually made from fruit and vegetable scraps, newspaper and grass clippings, worms (that act as decomposers), and leaves.
Hypothesis
According to the concept of composting it is more than likely that rich filled nutrient soil will be produced from the worm compost bin at the end of a
twenty day period. Rich soil that one buys at the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Day 16
6/3N/AN/AN/A6/4 Add fertilizer to make up for lost compost. Lettuce turns black
Day 18
Aerate
6/550Fresh SmellMoist More worms however they are fried from being under sunlight and add dirt.
Day 20
Finished
6/751Ok lookingRoughDead worms show so mix up in compost.
Analysis and Conclusion
At the conclusion of my experiment my hypothesis was correct. The worm bin was successfully composted and the organic waste was decomposed
by the worms. However as a fault of leaving the worms under direct sunlight it seems that they were burned and died. Also, as a result of moving

worm bin outside due to smell, a rodent knocked it over therefore I dirt was added to refill lost soil. When one should conduct experiment again may
upsize worm bit to produce more soil.
1Worm compost saves you money by replacing store–bought soil conditioners.
2Helps garden and house plants grow by improving the fertility of your soil.
3Saves water by helping the soil hold moisture and reducing water runoff.
4Benefits the environment by recycling valuable organic resources, reducing air and water pollution from refuse trucks and runoff, and extending the
life of

Soil Analysis : Soil And Soil
Soil Analysis
Introduction– The purpose of this investigation was to identify the texture of the soil we collected, while learning the different methods used to
determine soil texture. I hypothesized the soil we collected from the North side of the school would be Clay Loam. In the Soil Introduction Power
Point we learned about the pedosphere. We discovered thatsoil houses both organic (materials containing carbon compounds) and inorganic matter
(materials like minerals: phosphates and nitrates). Also, we found the components that make up the ideal soil. (Diagram A below). It must have pore
space for the exchange of gases and water movement to keep it healthy. Then we talked about the five factors that make soil, or how it forms. A... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The last part of the Power Point was the layers soil forms as it develops including duff, topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock. Duff is top layer of organic
matter, which isn't always there because it could have been mowed or washed away. Topsoil is the second layer and the most fertile layer with a
lot of nutrients where most of the plant's roots are. The third layer, also called subsoil, is less nutrient rich and has less organic material; it is
possible for some roots to reach this layer. The final layer is bedrock, a solid layer of rock beneath some soils. (Note: Some soils not all soils; these
layers can vary at different locations) During the Soil Water Absorption Power Point on the other hand, we learned how a soil's texture could
control the amount and how quickly water can seep into the layers of soil (the duff, topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock). A soil's capability to collect
and store water is vital to the other parts of the ecosystem like the plants growing there and the topography. An example of that could be erosion.
The texture of the soil also affects the other parts of the soil as well, such as the pore space. Poor space is the bare space between the particles of
soil that can be infiltrated by the air and water. If there is a lot of poor space then the soil can absorb a lot of water but too much poor space is not a
good thing. If there is too much, water will carry through so quickly the plants can't exploit it. Similarly,

The Planting Of Cover Crops
CROPS – summary
1. Planting of cover crops is a process of non–cash crops intend by farmer to grow purposely to protect and improve in–between the time of crop
production. It is an easy way to revitalize the fertility of the soil for other subsequent plants growth. Crops duration time are varied from monthly and
years depending on its objective and approach adopted. It is usually planted in vacant space and adds to the fertility of soil after they grow instead of
being eaten up. They add a number of advantages to a waste space in the off– season gardening.
The reasons why cover crops are usually used are: 1). Cover crops are usually used in arable rotation as catch crops, providing cover key times to
reduce nutrient losses. 11) It ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The types and growth influences how much nitrogen is captured and released when nitrogen shows higher availability to follow crop. Ii) It
improves soil structure when cover crops help open up soil and access to water and nutrient can be improved. Iii) Cover crops supply ground cover
for the risk of soil erosion by water or wind, in this case there is possibility of reduction in erosion risk. Iv). Habitat creation which enables cover
crops to provide a winter cover and habitat for wild birds, insects and small mammals, and this provides grazing opportunities for wildlife. v) Nutrient
losses are reduced – cover crops reduce soil run–off lessen the loss of phosphate fixed to soil particles. This also reduces nitrate leaching and losses of
nitrate and nitrate and nitrous oxide. Vi). Weed and pest management– most of cover crops type normally contend with range of weed and assist to
provide a clean seedbed for crops. Lastly, water quality are improved and benefited cash crops, this reduces losses of nutrient, sediment and pesticides.
It impacts on water quality and habitats when the soil run–off is in high level nutrient and cause choking to other aquatic life.
The constraints on cover crops affecting cover crops are: the accountability of labor overheads and the cost of cover crops purchases, the time
available to plant is

The New Zealand And Australia
New Zealand and Australia have a high reliance on soil resources for agriculture, and indirectly the economy (Withgott & Laposata, 2015). Due to this,
it is important that productive soils are sustainability managed in a way future generations can also receive benefits from them. New Zealand's class 1
soil caters for approximately 0.7% of soil resources, therefore, it is important that it is protected from soil degradation impacts, as soil formation is a
slow process taking hundreds of years (ENVS101–16B, 2016). Therefore, the impacts take years to mitigate.
Soil is a complicated structure made of nutrients, organic matter, fragmented rock, water, air, gases, and microorganisms (Withgott & Laposata, 2015).
These organisms and nutrients play a large role in the composition of soil, therefore are fundamental to agricultural production, and indirectly an
invaluable part of the New Zealand and Australia economy, as well as important in terms of social, cultural and environmental factors. Due to this, the
need to sustainably manage these soils is great, to maintain its capability to support life (Withgott & Laposata, 2015). Sustainable management is
defined as "managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources in a way, or at a rate, which enables people and
communities to provide for their social, economic, and cultural wellbeing" (Parliamentary Council Office, n.d.). It allows for resources, such as soil, to
be used in ways, which provides

Switch Grass Pros And Cons
The USDA should allow farmers more land for cultivation of switch grass, and less land for corn because switch grass grown for the purpose of
producing ethanol will have many more benefits both economically and environmentally compared to corn, which has many harmful outcomes.
Farmers are being held back from cultivating a huge amount of land that have a very high potential for growing switch grass, The USDA is the
cause behind this held back of potential land usage. In Fact, the USDA is holding back thirty five million acres of marginal land; and since switch
grass does not have any or very little profit in the market farmers grow none to very little switch grass. These marginal lands are a very poor soil type
and has very little potential for other plants to be grown on. Although, marginal land is considered to be a very poor choice for most conventional
agriculture, it is an almost perfect type of soil for switch grass to grow. Panicum virgatum, which is the scientific name for switch grass, is a perennial
plant, meaning it lasts two or more years, while corn only lasts for only a year(Renz, Undersander, and Casler).
Corn on the other hand is grown on more than ninety millions acres of land. In 2011 about thirty five billion bushels where harvested and only
eleven percent of this was used as a food source and the majority of the production was used for ethanol production( Brester). Corn, meant to be used
as a food source, is the crop that is used the most as a source of

Ap Bio Soil Essay
What is soil?
Xenophanes wrote, "For all things come from earth, and all things end by becoming earth."
Over 2500 years ago, Xenophanes knew that soil was indicative of life on Earth, and with today's amelioration of scientific literacy, we are able to
concede with the poetic statement. So, what is soil? Perhaps a more cordial question would be to inquire soil's relevance to life on Earth. This essay
will argue that soil plays a vital role in general ecosystems (ranging from man–made cities to forest environs).
Soil is a mixture of mineral particles, decaying material, living organisms, air, and water. The specific aforementioned composition of soil permitsplant
life and is essential for life on Earth.
Although understanding soils constituent parts is crucial, as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Soils provide a habitat for a wide range of organisms (ranging from macro–organisms; such as mice to micro–organisms; bacteria and fungi).
4.Not only does soil capture water, but soil also filters water by physical, chemical and biological processes.
5.Soil stores, moderates the release of, and cycles nutrients and other elements, an example may be the element; carbon. Living organisms are then able
to repeatedly use these nutrients or elements.
6.Soils serve as a foundation for human architecture and engineering (such as buildings, dams and roadbeds).
7.Soil is used to augment the groundwater in order to withdraw freshwater before it moves into an aquifer.
When assembling all roles of soil, one is able to see that soil plays a vital part of the natural environment. It is just as important as plants, and animals.
It influences the distribution of plant species and provides a habitat for a wide range of organisms.
Thus, in conclusion, this essay has considered: the definition of soil, identifying the components of, and its contribution to soils unique properties, and
the critical roles in which soils play to sustain life on Earth. Soil, therefore, coincides with life on our

Factors Influencing Soil Formation
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1.Factors influencing soil formation and soil properties
Soil is an open system. Properties are functionally related. System changes when properties change. There are five main factors possible affecting soil
formation topography, climate, vegetation, time, and parent material. In addition, human activities are also considered one of the factor influencingsoil
properties.
1.1.1.The effects of parent material on soil formation:
The parent material of a soil refers to the mineral material or organic material from which the soil is formed that determines the original supply of those
nutrient elements that are released by weathering and influences the balance between nutrient loss and retention. Soils will carry the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The effects of topography on soil formation: Topography can affect soil nutrient storage and organic matter in soil by influencing evaporation,
microclimate, transpiration, and runoff, because it determines the amount of solar radiation received. The amount of insolation governs air and soil
temperatures, and soil water availability, which in turn affect establishment and growth of plants [3][4], long slopes mean water will run down faster
and potentially erode the surfaces of slopes also, slopes may be exposed to more direct sunlight, which may dry out soil moisture and render it less
fertile. Figuer1.1.4: How–does–slope

Acid Rain Pollution Essay
ACID RAIN
name here
Engineering 303i
Professor h
May 3, 2004
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Penguin Publishing House, 1987 , Pearce Fred Acid Rain. What is it and what is it doing to us? New York Publishers, 1989, William Stone Acid
Rain. Fiend or Foe? Lucent books, Inc. 1990, Steward Gail Acid Rain.
Acid Rain
Acid rain is a great problem in our world. It causes fish and plants to die because earth's rainwaters are contaminated. It also causes harm to people
as well, because we eat fish, drink water and eat plants that are polluted by acid rain. It is a problem that we must all face together and try to get rid
of. However, acid rain on it's own is not the biggest problem. It causes many other problems such as aluminum ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Farmers put lime (a very strong alkaline substance) and special fertilizers in there soil neutralize the acid in the soil on a regular daily basis.
In general, soil structure is classified as sandy, clay, or loam, although most garden soils are mixtures of the three in varying proportions. A sandy
soil is very loose and will not hold water. A clay soil is dense and heavy, sticky when wet, and almost brick hard when dry. Loam is a mixture of sand
and clay soils, but it also contains large quantities of humus, or decayed organic material, which loosens and aerates clay soil and binds sandy soil
particles together. In addition, humus supplies plant nutrients. Then, soil structure can be improved by digging in compost, manure, peat moss, and
other organic matter.
Parts of western United States, Minneapolis, northeastern North America and east and north Canada are places in North America where soil is more
sensitive to acid deposits then any other places. Many factors, including the soil chemistry and the type of rock determine the environments ability to
neutralize the acid deposits from the rain.

Soils naturally contain small amounts of poisonous minerals such as mercury, aluminum, and cadmium. Normally, these minerals do not cause serious
problems, but as the acidity of the soil increases, chemical reactions allow the minerals to be absorbed by the plants. The plants are damaged and any
animals that eat the plants

Trophic Categories Etc..
Trophic Categories: 1. Producers 2. Consumers 3. Detritus feeders and decomposers Producers = organisms that capture energy from the sun or from
chemical reactions to convert carbon dioxide to organic matter Organic Matter vs. Inorganic Matter –Matter that makes up the bodies of living things
generally characterized by the presence of carbon and hydrogen bonds. Most producers are green plants. 1.Autotroph i.Chemosynthetic bacteria ii.
Green plants iii. Algae 2.Heterotroph i.Animals ii. Fungi iii. Protists (some) Consumers Primary consumers = {herbivores} {omnivores} secondary
consumers, tertiary consumers etc. = {carnivores} Predator Prey Relationships: Predator: organism which does the feeding... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
В•nearly colorless, tasteless, and an odorless liquid. В•the universal solvent; (rarely clean) В•Water is the only common, pure substance found
naturally in all three states of matter В•Highest density at 4˚C due to hexagonal crystal structure & hydrogen bond. В•Polar nature The
importance of this property cannot be overemphasized for its role on the ecosystem of Earth. If water were more dense when frozen, lakes and
oceans in a polar environment would eventually freeze solid (from top to bottom). This would happen because frozen ice would settle on the lake and
riverbeds. an important advantage for freshwater life in winter. В•Surface water chills increases in density and sinks В•convection currents form that
cool the whole water body, В•when the temperature of the lake water reaches 4 В°C, water on the surface gains density and eventually forms ice.
В•downward convection of colder water is blocked by the density change, В•coldest water forms near the surface, away from the riverbed or lakebed.
Lithosphere: All other elements and minerals found in lithosphere Mineral: hard crystalline inorganic material of a given chemical composition
Organic compounds: carbon–carbon, carbon–hydrogen bonds Inorganic compounds: have no C–C, or C–H bonds Natural organic/ synthetic organic
Biogeochemical Cycles Carbon

John Medina's Brain Rules For Baby
The book Brain Rules for Baby which was written by John Medina who is a very successful man in science. He is a molecular biologist from Seattle
who actually founded the Talaris Institute ,which helps parents raise emotionally healthy children. He also manages to share his knowledge on the
development of kids from the molecular level as well as in parenting and giving helpful advice throughout the book. Now he has written a similar book
just named Brain Rules but this book is more in depth with the information on smaller kids from 0 to 5 years of age. A father Himself he shares
stories and research he has personally conducted while sharing research he has accumulated over the years to help prove his point of view on the
subject of child development ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saying that no parent is perfect some is genetics but he helps us understand that while it is hard being a positive influence you should try your best
and not everything is your fault but you need to know what the difference is between nature and nurture. A personal story he shared was he was at a
science fair with his family when a girl got their attention about an experiment she conducted .The experiment was very simple ,she placed two seeds in
soil and watered it to see the outcome .The variables were nothing but the soil they received the same amount of water and sun but one was placed
in very rich fertile soil while the other one was in very poor soil. The outcome of the poor soil was a poor plant and the opposite for the seed placed
rich soil as the seed began to sprout and blossom into a very healthy plant. He saw it as the past or genetics (soil in this case ) influenced the
variable but made me realize. Making me think about the experiment in a personal form. What if you add fertilizer to the poor plant it would
improve the outcome. The other thing i contemplated was if you add too much fertilizer to the good soil plant you run a risk of killing it. You could
also change the soil. The inference of fuertelizer is to saythat thigs can always chnge and be altered . meanyin it is never to late to a better healthier
happy life or to raise a happy kid there is always something

Effect Of Fertilizer On Plant Growth
The Effect of Fertilizer on Plant's Growth
Plants need food to grow like human beings. Fertilizers can provide plant's nutrients that may be lacking in the soil. How does the amount of fertilizer
effect the growth of the plant? Plants are important in our life. Plants give us food, regulate the water cycle, and provide us oxygen. Plants make up the
habitat, and contribute to the climate. Our everyday life depends on plants. Life could not exist without plants. It is very important plants grow and
develop properly. Lack of water, nutrients in thesoil, and natural disasters may contribute to the delay or reduction of the plant growth. If a plant does
not get the right amount of nutrients from the root then the plant will not yield fruits, crops, and flowers. Plants need the right amount of fertilizer to
grow and develop. Usage of too much fertilizer can harm plants. Plant can suffer from dehydration and eventually die. The correct amount of fertilizer
is essential for the plant to grow healthy. If watering the plant with too little or too much fertilizer, then plant's growth will slow down, because under
fertilizer will cause the lack of nutrients in the soil and over fertilizer will increase the salt amount of soil which eventually slow down the growth of
the plant.
The Department of Crop Production at Kwara State University in Nigeria conducted an experiment on the growth of a plant called "Amaranthus
Caudatus" in the savanna zone of Nigeria on November 20, 2014. This

The Effects Of Soil On The Environment
In the natural environment, one of the most important elements that constitute it is soil. It contributes greatly to the sustenance of living components
as well as influencing their distribution on the world's surface. Being a habitat provider, soil also controls and regulates the circulation of water as
chemical components present within the atmosphere (Nadimi & Farpoor, 2011). Some of the vital gases within the environment also rely on soil for
their circulation. The include oxygen and carbon dioxide, which are crucial to the biological and cellular processes within living organisms. Another
role carried out by soil includes recording the human activities that occurred in the past up until the recent time. Due to this, soil enriches the cultural
essence and heritage of various communities.
From the brief detailed discussion on the importance of soil to the low and higher life forms as well as to the environment, it is important to
understand its formation and the factors involved in this process. Soil formation is an intricate process that allows for the development of soil based
on several factors, which influence it ( Nadimi & Farpoor, 2011). The paper delves deeper into understanding the process of soil formation and the role
each factor plays in determining the overall soil development process and composition. Comprehension of these factors and soil formation process
allows the global community to appreciate the environment and equips the society with information

Flow of Water within the Soil and the Nutrient Cycle
Introduction:
"Plants can absorb water over their entire surfaces, but the greater part of the water supply comes from the soil (Larcher, 1995, p.223)."
Many factors affect nutrient availability, all of which are interlinked and are vital in the overall cycle of nutrients. For example, the ability of water to
transport nutrients to the rhizosphere unimpeded is important. A factor which is considered to be central to nutrient cycling is thesoil micro–organisms,
which break down soil organic matter (SOM), releasing nutrients back into the soil through mineralization. If nutrients are cycled well plants are more
likely to grow to their optimum potential.
The purpose of this assignment is to look at the flow of water within the soil and how it can affect the cycling of nutrients, while outlining the remedial
methods needed for sustaining suitable nutrient levels.
2. Soil:
In agriculture, soil can cause limitations to plant growth through (a) depth, stoniness, texture and structure which together can influence the amount of
water which can be held in the profile and the ease with which roots can penetrate and (b) the availability of nutrients (Rowell, 1994). There are four
main constituents of soil: mineral matter, organic matter, air and water (Fig. 1.1). 2.1 Soil texture:
The preferred texture type is called loam, which is a mixture of three elements, sand, silt & clay. Courtney & Trudgill (1976) explain that sand particles

Electrical Grounding Best Practices : Electrical Systems...
Electrical grounding best practices
A good grounding system should provide the maximum safety from contact, electrical system faults and lightening. For a grounding system to perform
efficiently over long periods of time, it should be designed and installed properly using reliable materials and proven techniques.
Grounding is important for three main reasons;
Safety to people
Protection of equipment and building which may come into contact with the live wires or systems.
Electrical noise reduction
The electrical ground provides a current return path to the earth mass. The earth is usually considered to be an electrically neutral body with equal
number of positive and negative charges which are distributed *** throughout the earth and any given time.**** RD
The effectiveness of the grounding system depends on the individual components. Some of the factors to consider include
The grounding conductors : that connects noncurrent carrying metal parts to raceways, enclosures, etc
Grounding electrodes
Grounding Connectors
Type of the soil and environment Components of a building grounding system
The building grounding system consists of
The exterior grounds
The electrical service ground
Building interior grounding
Equipment grounding and bonding
Lightening protection
Basic grounding practices
The electrical service ground – Ground bus
Installation has a bus bar which provides a single point ground. This is usually a heavy copper bar or wire of low

The Decomposition Of Soil Organic Matter
The decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), or plant litter, by soil organisms, influences soil chemistry and its physical properties. The
breakdown rate of SOM affects plant nutrient availability, the moisture holding capacity of soils, soil structure and the biological activity of soil
organisms.01 According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), these microorganisms carry out processes that are
essential for soil health and biodiversity, performing vital functions in the soil, such as soil fertility, plant growth, maintaining soil structure, soil
resilience and carbon storage. 01 There are three biogeochemical cycles that are essential to life – carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)–and
have been the focus of many studies, which have found organic C, N, P and sulfur (S) to be strongly related. Having a better understanding of this soil
ecosystem, including processes and the C–N–P–S stoichiometry of SOM , is important to shedding light on the nature of nutrient limitation in
terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, it has applications to the "capture of the benefits of soil biological activity for sustainable and productive
agriculture" and to the reduction of negative impacts from human intervention (FAO). 01
When I first arrived at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) in Lancaster, United Kingdom, I had limited knowledge of the implications of
nutrient cycling in soils and waters. Although I was no stranger to environmental

The United States Bureau Of Land Management
1 The U.S. Bureau of Land Management has stepped in to provide restorative practices upon 500,000 acres of heavily degraded public grasslands.
This land is suffering from severe soil erosion as well as degradation due to overgrazing. The suppression of natural fires has caused shrubs and
invasive weeds to encroach upon the grasslands. A full scale assessment will take place on this land before restoration efforts begin. The first thing that
would need to be assessed is the soil, for it is eroding and holding little nutrient value. Samples would be taken of this soil from various parts of the
grasslands including the eroded gullies. Each soil sample would be taken from at least 1 foot below the surface, to test for carbon richness below the
topsoil. These would then be tested for texture, density, water retention, and chemical composition. Typically, powerful, healthy soil will contain
amounts of both Nitrogen and Phosphorous, which are essential nutrients in sustainable plant growth. These samples would also be tested for any
build–up of salts, something known as soil salinization. Unhealthy, salinized soil is created over years of over–hydrating and deep plowing. Excess
water will suffocate root systems of once–healthy crops, and salinized soils will reduce crop output up to 20% (Withgott &Brennan, 2011). The next
assessment would be in the shrubs and invasive weed species on the land. Knowing the volume and location of these plants gives way to a better
understanding of

The Origin Or Coming Into Being Of Something : The Process...
Genesis: The origin or coming into being of something: the process or mode of origin. (Merriam–webster.com, 2015).
Soil genesis is the process the mantle of a planet has undergone to decompose to the state we see today. For simplicity, people refer to this as
weathering. While weather does have a hand in the process of soil formation, it is not the only environmental factor at play. Soil (S) is a function of
climate (c), organisms (o), relief (r), parent material (p), and time (t). This relationship can be expressed as a formula:
S=f(cl,o,r,p,t)
Each of these factors can fluctuate and cause a shift during the life of a soil. The life of a soil could take thousands of years before it is past it's
prime. As humans, we can only look at a small window during the lifespan of a soil. We have to look through a multitude of windows to piece together
the story of Soil.
S=f(cl) cl,o,r,p,t – Climate
If all factors are held steady and only climate is allowed to change, the effects climate has on a soils life can be seen. The amount of water and the
temperature a soil is exposed to cause the soil to behave in different manners. It takes water infiltrating the soil's profile to dissolve solutes and carry
them off to a new place. This breaks down the parent material and leads to change in the material. This new material will have new properties. A dry
soil will not have the water to help leach away materials in the soil's profile, therefore it ages more slowly than a wet soil.

Mistreatment of Land, Natural Disaster, and Drought...
The Dust Bowl was a time period in which many dust storms affected the agriculture and economy of the United States. Before the dust storms and
droughts, the land being used by the farmers was already being damaged. Overuse had caused the soil to become useless, and by over–cultivating the
land, farmers were no longer able to use the once fertile soil, causing a major impact on the lives of those involved in agriculture.
Before the infamous Dust Bowl, the lands to the West were unknown until the exploration of Lewis and Clark. On the expedition of Lewis and Clark,
they discovered and explored new land west of the Mississippi River, finding beautiful nearly unused land that was only being used by some Native
Americans. When the lands were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recently, we have had our own periods of drought and high summer temperatures, so in reality, yes, theUnited States could have their own Dust Bowl
in this time period. However, I believe that after the Dust Bowl in the 1930's happened, farmers were much more conscious of their actions.
Because of the Dust Bowl, farmers tended to the soil with more care. For example, farmers use a method known as the Crop Rotation. Crop
Rotation is the practice of planting different crops on the same land. Using the crop rotation method improves soil fertility, so that the risk of overuse
similar to the 1930's is not as high. Another example of a simple method that promotes soil conservation that farmers use today is the planting of
trees. Trees help prevent soil erosion with their roots and they also block the wind of possible wind or dust storms. Another method farmers use is the
method of terracing. By using the terracing method, farmers decrease the amount of erosion going on. The terracing method is when farmers make
short steps out of a large slope to reduce the erosion that would normally occur on such a large slope.
If farmers were to not treat their land with care, then I would say that it would be completely possible to have another Dust Bowl in America,
especially once you add in the time periods without rain and the high

Persuasive Essay On Agriculture
Seventeen years ago, when I was born, the world population was 6 billion. By the time I started kindergarten, the population increased 9% to 6.6
billion. When I passed my driver's test, the population grew to 7.4 billion which is another 10.8% increase. So it is safe to say the statistic "The
population expectancy is going to reach 9.7 Billion people by the year 2050" ("United Nations"), is more than just an over repeated prediction, it is a
reality my generation will be faced with. "In one minute there are 250 children born, which correlates to one birth every eight seconds" ("Census
Bureau"). Meaning the demand for agriculture is only increasing to keep up with this growing population. Producing more food requires higher yield,
precision agriculture, and perhaps finding creative ways to grow more food in less space. One important way to ensure maximum agriculture
production is with healthy soils that are full of life.
In today's society we face many problems as a nation and as a world, from economics, to war, to famine. These issues often cause us to overlook the
most basic need: to look out for our planet's well being. Our main goal should be to conserve our natural resources such as soil and water. Agriculture,
ironically, is often one of the factors that is contributing to the destruction of our soil and water. Farmers apply fertilizer, pesticides and many other
chemicals to use on their fields. Fertilizer stimulates soil microbes, which consume organic

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