History of Western Architecture

TU Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture) 1 | P a g e
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia (MASSA)
______________________________________________________________________
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture
Module: ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 (ARC 60203)
Prerequisite: ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 1
Credit Hours: 3
Instructor:
Siti Balkish Roslan sitibalkish.roslan@taylors.edu.my
Nor Hayati Ramli rosyatie@gmail.com , norhayati.ramli@taylors.edu.my
Shahrianne Mohd Shah shahrianne@gmail.com
Ida Marlina Mazlan ida.mazlan@gmail.com
Patmaselvi patmaselvi@gmail.com
Zahra Namavar Shirin zahra.namavar@taylors.edu.my , namavar.nam@gmail.com
Module Synopsis
“Dates are much more than isolated markers of events. Organised into a chronology, dates establish sequence and
synchronicity” ~ Clint Twist, 1999.
Architecture Culture & History 2 [ARC 60203] is a continuation of the investigation of architecture history development
that began in Architecture Culture & History 1 [ARC 1313]. Lectures will provide detailed accounts of the principal
developments in the Western world from the revolutionary period to the present day. Buildings will be explored with
reference to major contemporary examples and the work and philosophy of significant exponents. Students will
undertake a major research of a significant building, complete with investigation of the major influences that led to its
development and in turn its influence in other architectural aspects.
Module Teaching Objectives
The teaching objectives of the module are:
1. To deepen students’ understanding of architectural theory through a consideration of intentions, concepts, patterns,
disciplines, architectural language and contextual relationships.
2. To examine a detailed account of the principal developments in the western world from the Industrial Revolution to
post-World War 2.
Module Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module, students will be able to:
1. Describe the development of the main strands of western architecture over the last 200 years.
2. Identify some of the issues involved in the interrelationship between theory and design as exemplified in various
historical periods and places.
3. Interpret architectural language in relation to the development of Western architecture between Industrial
Revolution and post World War 2.
4. Differentiate the way in which many varied factors contribute to the development of form.
5. Compare how architects have used architectural language in various historical periods and places.
6. Analyze the broad issues which inform the development of architecture between Industrial Revolution and post
World War 2.

Modes of Delivery
This is a 3 credit hour module conducted over a period of 14 weeks. The modes of delivery will be in the form of
lectures, tutorials, and self-directed study. The breakdown of the contact hours for the module is as follows:
 Lecture: 2 hours per week
 Tutorial: 2 hours per week
 Self-directed study: 4 hours per week
Office Hours
You are encouraged to visit the instructor/lecturer/tutor concerned for assistance during office hours. If the office hours
do not meet your schedule, notify the instructor and set appointment times as needed.
TIMeS
TIMeS will be used as a communication tool and information portal for students to access module materials, project
briefs, assignments and announcements.
Taylor’s Graduate Capabilities (TGC)
The teaching and learning approach at Taylor’s University is focused on developing the Taylor’s Graduate Capabilities
(TGC) in its students; capabilities that encompass the knowledge, cognitive capabilities and soft skills of its graduates.

Discipline Specific Knowledge
TGCs Acquired
Through Module
Learning Outcomes
1.0
Discipline Specific Knowledge
1.1 Able to put theories into practice. 2
1.2 Understand ethical issues in the context of the field of studies. 1
1.3 Understand professional practice within the field of studies. -
Cognitive Capabilities
2.0
Lifelong Learning
2.1 Learn independently. 2
2.2 Locate, extract, synthesize and utilize information effectively. 3, 4
2.3 Be intellectually engaged. 1
3.0
Thinking and Problem Solving Skills
3.1 Think critically and creatively. 1, 2
3.2 Define and analyze problems to arrive at effective solutions. 4
Soft Skills
4.0
Communication Skills
4.1 Communicate appropriately in various setting and modes. -
5.0
Interpersonal Skills
5.1 Understand team dynamics and mobilize the power of teams. -
5.2 Understand and assume leadership. -
6.0
Intrapersonal Skills
6.1 Manage one self and be self-reliant. -
6.2 Reflect on one’s actions and learning. -
6.3 Embody Taylor's core values. -
7.0
Citizenship and Global Perspectives
7.1 Be aware and form opinions from diverse perspectives. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
7.2 Understand the value of civic responsibility and community engagement. -
8.0
Digital Literacy
8.1
Effective use of information and communication (ICT) and related
technologies.
-

General Rules and Regulations
Late Submission Penalty
The School imposes a late submission penalty for work submitted late without a valid reason e.g. a medical certificate.
Any work submitted after the deadline (which may have been extended) shall have the percentage grade assigned to
the work on face value reduced by 10% for the first day and 5% for each subsequent day late. A weekend counts as
one (1) day.
Individual members of staff shall be permitted to grant extensions for assessed work that they have set if they are
satisfied that a student has given good reasons.
Absenteeism at intermediate or final presentation will result in zero mark for that presentation.
The Board of Examiners may overrule any penalty imposed and allow the actual mark achieved to be used if the late
submission was for a good reason.
Attendance, Participation and Submission of Assessment Components
Attendance is compulsory. Any student who arrives late after the first half-hour of class will be considered as absent.
The lectures and tutorials will assist you in expanding your ideas and your assessments. A minimum of 80%
attendance is required to pass the module and/or be eligible for the final examination and/or presentation.
Students will be assessed based on their performance throughout the semester. Students are expected to attend and
participate actively in class. Class participation is an important component of every module.
Students must attempt all assessment components. Failure to attempt assessment components worth 20% or more,
the student would be required to resubmit or resit an assessment component, even though the student has achieved
more than 50% in the overall assessment. Failure to attempt all assessment components, including final exam and
final presentation, will result in failing the module irrespective of the marks earned, even though the student has
achieved more than 50% in the overall assessment.
Plagiarism (Excerpt from Taylor’s University Student Handbook 2014, page 59)
Plagiarism, which is an attempt to present another person’s work as your own by not acknowledging the source, is a
serious case of misconduct which is deemed unacceptable by the University.
"Work" includes written materials such as books, journals and magazine articles or other papers and also includes
films and computer programs. The two most common types of plagiarism are from published materials and other
students’ works.
1. Published Materials
In general, whenever anything from someone else’s work is used, whether it is an idea, an opinion or the results of
a study or review, a standard system of referencing should be used. Examples of plagiarism may include a
sentence or two, or a table or a diagram from a book or an article used without acknowledgement.
Serious cases of plagiarism can be seen in cases where the entire paper presented by the student is copied from
another book, with an addition of only a sentence or two by the student.
While the former can be treated as a simple failure to cite references, the latter is likely to be viewed as cheating in
an examination.
Though most assignments require the need for reference to other peoples’ works, in order to avoid plagiarism,
students should keep a detailed record of the sources of ideas and findings and ensure that these sources are
clearly quoted in their assignment. Note that plagiarism also refers to materials obtained from the Internet too.

2. Other Students’ Work
Circulating relevant articles and discussing ideas before writing an assignment is a common practice. However,
with the exception of group assignments, students should write their own papers. Plagiarising the work of other
students into assignments includes using identical or very similar sentences, paragraphs or sections. When two
students submit papers that are very similar in tone and content, both are likely to be penalised.
Student Participation
Your participation in the module is encouraged. You have the opportunity to participate in the following ways:
 Your ideas and questions are welcomed, valued and encouraged.
 Your input is sought to understand your perspectives, ideas and needs in planning subject revision.
 You have opportunities to give feedback and issues will be addressed in response to that feedback.
 Do reflect on your performance in Portfolios.
 Student evaluation on your views and experiences about the module are actively sought and used as an
integral part of improvement in teaching and continuous improvement.
Student-centered Learning (SCL)
The module uses the Student-centered Learning (SCL) approach. Utilization of SCL embodies most of the principles
known to improve learning and to encourage student’s participation. SCL requires students to be active, responsible
participants in their own learning and instructors are to facilitate the learning process. Various teaching and learning
strategies such as experiential learning, problem-based learning, site visits, group discussions, presentations, working
in group and etc. can be employed to facilitate the learning process. In SCL, students are expected to be:
 active in their own learning;
 self-directed to be responsible to enhance their learning abilities;
 able to cultivate skills that are useful in today’s workplace;
 active knowledge seekers;
 active players in a team.
Types of Assessment and Feedback
You will be graded in the form of formative and summative assessments. Formative assessments will provide
information to guide you in the research process. This form of assessment involves participation in discussions and
feedback sessions. Summative assessment will inform you about the level of understanding and performance
capabilities achieved at the end of the module.
Assessment Plan
Assessments Type Learning
outcomes
Marks Presentation (Submission)
Project 1 (Group):
Timeline
Project 2 (Individual):
Online Web Book
Group / Individual 2, 4, 5
20%
30%
Week 6 Week 6
Week 12
Mid Term Exam Individual 1,2,3 20% Week 8
Final Examination Individual
1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
30%
Exam Week
Portfolio Individual Pass/Fail Week 14
Total 100%
Assessment Components

Project 1 (Group): Timeline (20%):
The Project requires students to undertake a research analysis process on Modern Malaysian architecture practices
throughout history through literature review and document analysis and present an appropriate chronology account of
the Malaysian architecture based on the understanding gained through the analysis procedure. It also familiarizes
students to the activities of culmination and production of a research analysis through assemblage, chronologically
indices and evaluation of information; composing and organization of study; assembly of illustration and text; design
layout composition; poster and presentation.
Project 2 (Individual): Online Web Book (30%):
This project requires students to increase understanding on the principle, ideas and contributing factors of Modern
Architecture in Klang Valley enabling them to analyze and identify specific architectural features of Modern
Architecture in Klang Valley also documenting architectural heritage in the form of writings, descriptive diagrams and
photography in relation to creating a web book as a means to publish academic materials.
2. Mid Term Exam
Questions will be provided based on lectures to further increase students’ architectural theory vocabulary and enhance
the understanding of the subject.
3. Final Examination
This final examination is designed to assess whether the students have achieved the module learning outcome such
as knowing the catalyst of modern movement, understanding of modern architectural concepts, identifying modern
architectural features and relating concepts and form. The format of the assessment will be informed later.
4. Taylor’s Graduate Capabilities Portfolio
The Taylor’s Graduate Capabilities (TGC) Portfolio is a document that collates all assessments produced in a
module and reflects a student’s acquisition of the Module Learning Outcomes and Taylor’s Graduate Capabilities.
 For students enrolled in the 2011 Programme Structure
The TGC portfolio is an edited A3-size bound document that includes all the assessments produced in the
module. Visual diary and process of work (packaged) are to be included as part of the portfolio submission.
Students must reflect on their learning through the TGC Portfolio Form.
 For students enrolled in the 2012 Programme Structure onwards
Each students is to develop an ePortfolio, a web-based portfolio in the form of a personal academic blog. The
ePortfolio is developed progressively for all modules taken throughout Semesters 1 to 5, and culminates with a
final Portfolio in printed form produced in the final semester. The printed Portfolio must encapsulates the
acquisition of Programme Learning Outcomes and Taylor’s Graduate Capabilities, and showcase the
distinctiveness and identity of the student as a graduate of the programme.
Marks and Grading Table (Revised as per Programme Guide 2013)
Assessments and grades will be returned within 2 weeks of your submission. You will be given the grades and
necessary feedback for each submission. The grading system is shown below:

Grade Marks
Grade
Points
Definition Description
A 80 – 100 4.00 Excellent
Evidence of original thinking; demonstrated outstanding
capacity to analyze and synthesize; outstanding grasp of
module matter; evidence of extensive knowledge base.
A- 75 – 79 3.67 Very Good
Evidence of good grasp of module matter; critical capacity
and analytical ability; understanding of relevant issues;
evidence of familiarity with the literature.
B+ 70 – 74 3.33
Good
Evidence of grasp of module matter; critical capacity and
analytical ability, reasonable understanding of relevant
issues; evidence of familiarity with the literature.B 65 – 69 3.00
B- 60 – 64 2.67
Pass
Evidence of some understanding of the module matter;
ability to develop solutions to simple problems; benefitting
from his/her university experience.
C+ 55 – 59 2.33
C 50 – 54 2.00
D+ 47 – 49 1.67
Marginal Fail
Evidence of nearly but not quite acceptable familiarity with
module matter, weak in critical and analytical skills.
D 44 – 46 1.33
D- 40 – 43 1.00
F 0 – 39 0.00 Fail
Insufficient evidence of understanding of the module
matter; weakness in critical and analytical skills; limited or
irrelevant use of the literature.
WD - - Withdrawn
Withdrawn from a module before census date, typically
mid-semester.
F(W) 0 0.00 Fail Withdrawn after census date, typically mid-semester.
IN - - Incomplete
An interim notation given for a module where a student
has not completed certain requirements with valid reason
or it is not possible to finalise the grade by the published
deadline.
P - - Pass Given for satisfactory completion of practicum.
AU - - Audit
Given for a module where attendance is for information
only without earning academic credit.
Hurdle Assessment Guideline for Architectural Design Studio
Hurdle assessments are compulsory requirements within individual modules that must be met in order to achieve
satisfactory results in those modules. The hurdle assessment for final submission of Architectural Design Studio
modules is set at 40%. Students who obtain a D grade (40 - 49) for final submission and overall D grade or higher for
the module will be permitted a resubmission assessment. Students are required to obtain a minimum C grade in the
resubmission to pass the module. Students who obtain a Fail grade (0 - 39) for the final submission will fail the
module, regardless of his/her overall grade for the module. Failure of the module may impede student progression.

Module Schedule
Week/Date Topics/Readers
Lecture Tutorial
Self-directed
Study
Hours Hours Hours
Week 1
26 Aug
Subject Introduction
Overview of Subject Outline
(Nor Hayati Ramli)
No Tutorial
Library
Research
2 2 8
Week 2
2 Sept
(last week to add/
drop a module)
Lecture 1
Architecture in the Age of Enlightenment
(Balkish Roslan)
Briefing Project
Part A: Timeline of Modern Architecture of
Malaysia
Timeline of
Modern
Architecture of
Malaysia
Project
4 2 4
Week 3
9 Sept
Lecture 2
Industrial Revolution & Its Reactions (Ms
Patmaselvi)
Timeline of
Modern
Architecture of
Malaysia
Project
4 2 4
Week 4
16 Sept
Malaysia Day
Week 5
23 Sept
Lecture 3
Arts & Crafts Movement (Nor Hayati Ramli)
Timeline of
Modern
Architecture of
Malaysia
Library
Research
2 4 8
Week 6
30 Sept
Lecture 4
The American Architecture
(Zahra Namawar)
Presentation:
Timeline of
Modern
Architecture of
Malaysia
Library
Research
2 2 8
Week 7
7 Oct
(Final week to
withdraw from
module(s) with a
Withdrawn (WD)
notation in the
transcript)
Lecture 5
German Futurists and Russian Constructivists,
Expressionism, De Stijl & Cubism (Ida
Marlina)
Project B Briefing: Precedent Studies
Part B:
Web Book Project
Submission:
Timeline of Modern
Architecture of
Malaysia
Project
Part B: Web Book
Precedent Studies
Library
Research
2 2 8
Week 8
14 Oct
Mid Term Exam [Online – 20 marks]

Week 9
21 Oct
Lecture 6
Bauhaus & The International Style (Siti
Balkish Roslan)
Project
Part B: Web
Book
Precedent
Studies
Project
2 4 4
Week 10
28 Oct
Lecture 7
Modern Architecture Part 1:
Bauhaus & Masters of Architecture 1 (Gropius
& FLW) (Shahrianne Shah)
Project
Part B: Web
Book
Precedent
Studies
Project
6 4 4
Week 11
4 Nov
Lecture 8:
Modern Architecture Part 2:
Masters of Architecture 2 ( Corb & Mies)
(Shahrianne Shah)
-
Project
Part B: Web
Book
Precedent
Studies
-
- 4 4
Deepavali Week / Mid-semester Break (Non-contact Week) - Mon 8 Nov 2015 - Fri 13 Nov 2015
Week 12
18 Nov
Presentation (Online) & Submission (Online
& Hardcopy)
(Starts at 9 am-11 am)
-
Presentation
(Online) &
Submission
(Online &
Hardcopy)
Part B: Web
Book
Precedent
Studies
-
4 4 -
Week 13
25 Nov
Final examination revision
Week 14
2 Dec
Submission: TGC E-Portfolio
SL/FE Week
Study Week/ Exam Week:
Final Examination (30%)
Week 13
28/10
Submission: Web Book
- - -
2 - -
Week 14
4/11
Preparation of TGC Portfolio
- TGC portfolio -
- 4 -
Week 15 Study Week
Submission: TGC Portfolio
- -
Exam
Preparation
- - 8
Week 16
Final Examination (30 marks)

Note: This module outline is subject to change with short notice.
References
Text Books
1. Curtis, William J.R. 2002. Modern Architecture since 1900. New York: Phaidon.
2. Fazio, M., Moffet, M., Wodehouse,L., 2009. A World History of Architecture. London: Lawrence King Publishing
3. Frampton, Kenneth. 2000. Modern Architecture: A Critical History. London: Thames and Hudson.
4. Weston, R. 1996. Modernism. London: Phaidon Press
5. Weston, R. 2011. 100 Ideas that Changed Architecture. Laurence King Publishing.
6. Azaiddy, A. 2015. The Living Machines, Malaysia’s Modern Architectural Heritage. Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia
with Taylor’s University
7. Voon Fee, C. 2007. The Encyclopedia of Malaysia Architecture. Archipelago Press.
8. Yeang, Ken. 1992. The Architecture of Malaysia. Pepin Press.
9. Yeang, Ken. 2007. Building Merdeka: Independence Architecture of Kuala Lumpur.
Recommended Reading
1. Blaser, Werner. Mies Van Der Rohe . Berlin: Birkhauser Verlag Carter,
2. Frampton, Kenneth. 2000. Modern Architecture: A Critical History. London: Thames and Hudson.
3. Ghirardo, Diane. 1996. Architecture after Modernism. Thames and Hudson Ltd.
4. Gossel, Peter. Leuthauser, Gabriele. 2005. Architecture in the 20th Century. Berlin: Taschen
5. Jencks, Charles. 2000. Le Corbusier and the Continual Revolution in Architecture. New York: The Monacelli
Press
6. Kostoff, Spiro. 1985. A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7. Mc Carter, Robert. 2001, . Frank Llyod Wright Architect. New York: Phaidon
8. Norberg-Schulz, Christian. 1976. Meaning in Western Architecture. New York: Praeger Publishers.
9. Peter. 2005. Mies Van Der Rohe at Work . New York: Phaidon
10. Ray, Katerina R. 2010. Bauhaus Dream- House: Modernity and Globalization. New York : Routledge
11. Scully, Vincent Jr. 1975. Modern Architecture. New York: George Braziller, Inc.
12. Snibble, Patricia. M, Richard W. 1999. The New Modernist in World Architecture. New York: McGraw Hill
13. Watkinson, Gordon. Bauhaus Twenty 21. An ongoing Legacy. Boston: Birkhauser

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