1. BY
SARITHA P, TGT SCIENCE
JNV PALAKKAD
NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
SAMITI, NOIDA
E-CONTENT PREPARATION
CLASS – VII SCIENCE
CHAPTER – 1
CROP PRODUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
2. IMPORTANT TOPICS TO BE COVERED
1. Importance of agriculture
2. Basic agricultural practices
3. To define Crop
4. Understand different agricultural implements both traditional and
modern
5. Advantage of using seed drill.
6. Differentiate between manure and fertilizer
7. Irrigation techniques
8. Weeding techniques and advantages
9. Importance of storage and storage techniques
10.Animal husbandry
3. LEARNING OUT COMES
After completing the lesson students will be able to:
Understand the Preparation of the soil for a suitable crop
Identify Crops and their types according to seasonal changes
Analyze the various types of activities do for cultivation of crop and agricultural
implements used for it.
Appreciate the sequence wise agricultural practices
Learn the structure and working of plough, hoe, cultivator, leveler,a seed drill
etc.
Apply the importance of irrigation and about the sources of irrigation
Analyze the effective use of weedicide, pesticide and insecticides.
Apply the crop improvement crop rotation and organic farming
Learn the safe storage of grains.
Explore the type of food products obtains from animals.
5. HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE
The earliest humans were hunter gatherers.
They were nomadic and did not cultivate.
Agriculture originated around 10,000-12,000
years ago in the Mideast, China, Egypt and
Central America.
The earliest domesticated plants may be
barley, wheat, rice, peas, lentils etc.
Animals like dogs, goats, sheep and pigs were
also domesticated.
6. AGRICULTURE
Cultivating soil for growing crops and nurturing
animals to provide food and other products
CROPS
Same kind of plants being cultivated on large scale.
10. HOE
It is a simple tool which is used for
removing weeds and for loosening the
soil.
It has a long rod of wood or iron.
A strong, broad and bent plate of iron
is fixed to one of its ends and works
like a blade.
It is pulled by animals.
11. PLOUGH
Plough is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before
sowing seed or planting.
Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses
WOODEN PLOUGH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGjXFGau-Pw
12. CULTIVATOR
Now a days ploughing is done
by tractor driven cultivator.
Use of cultivator saves labour
and time.
13. PLOUGHING
It is a practice of loosening of the soil using a plough or tractor
TILLING
It’s the levelling of the soil by a plank driven by oxen or tractor to
prevent soil erosion
14. ADVANTAGES OF PLOUGHING
Ploughing makes soil loose.
In loose soil, roots can penetrate easily
Loose soil promotes aeration and promote
growth of friendly microbes
Loose soil promotes percolation of
water.
Ploughing uproots unwanted plants
already growing in the field.
Ploughing mixes up the manure and
decomposing organic matter.
16. SOWING
The process of scattering of seeds in the field
Sowing by hand is called broadcasting
In broadcasting the soil will not be in uniform or right
depth
17. The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is shaped like a funnel.
The seeds are filled into the funnel, passed down through two or three pipes
having sharp ends.
These ends pierce into the soil and place seeds there.
TRADITIONAL SEED DRILL
DISADVANTAGES
Seeds are not sown at uniform
distance
Seeds are not covered with soil
instantly so it could be eaten by birds
Seed are not sown at equal depth.
It takes lots of time and labour
18. MODERN SEED DRILL
The seed drill sows the seeds at the proper seeding rate and
depth.
Ensuring that the seeds are covered by soil
It saves time and labour
19. ADDING MANURES AND FERTILIZERS
MANURE
ORGANICSUBSTANCE/NATURAL
RICH IN HUMUS
FERTILIZER
INORGANIC / SYNTHETIC
RICH IN PARTICULAR NUTRIENT
20. APPLICATION OF MANURE AND
FERTILIZER
Plants mainly require nitrogen,
phosphorous & potassium for
healthy growth.
Repeated cultivation removes soil
nutrients. They can be replenished
by the application manure or
chemical
fertilizers.
21. MANURE AND FERTILIZER
MANURE
Organic substances
Made from vegetable and animal
waste
Prepared at home
Less rich in nutrients
Do not harm the soil
Slow result
FERTILIZER
Inorganic substance.
Made by chemicals
Prepared at factories
Nutrient specific
Quick result
Changes soil texture
22. Dissolves fast
Plants absorbs fast and gives quick
result
Nutrient specific
compact
ADVANTAGES OF FERTILIZER
DISADVANTAGES OF FERTILIZER
It pollutes the soil and water bodies
causes eutrophication
It changes the soil chemistry.
It makes the soil too acidic or basic
It kills soil organisms.
It reduces the soil porosity
It affects the food chain
It affects the human health
23. ADVANTAGES OF MANURE
Enhances the water holding capacity of the soil
Improves the texture of the soil
Promotes the growth of friendly micro organism
Increases the aeration and percolation of water.
Add more humus to the soil
24. REPLENISHING OF SOIL
Various practices used to replenish the soil
nutrients are
Field fallow
Crop rotation
Multiple cropping
Adding manures and fertilizers
Multiple cropping
Crop rotation
Fallow field
Manure Fertilizer
25. IRRIGATION
Supply of water at regular intervals is termed as irrigation
Traditional methods
MOAT(PULLEY SYSTEM) RAHAT(LIVER SYSTEM)
CHAIN PUMP DHEKLI
26. SPRINKLER SYSTEM
Modern methods of irrigation
Device used to irrigate agricultural crops,
lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other
areas.
Used for cooling and for the control of
airborne dust.
When water is pressurized through the main
pipe it escapes from the rotating nozzles just
like a rain
Drip system
It is the best technique for watering fruit
plants gardens and trees
It is best technique for water conservation
Connected by net work of pipes and reaches to
the base of the plant drop by drop
Sprinkler system
27. WEEDING
Removal of unwanted plants from the crop
weeding can be done by
1.USING KHURPI 2.SEED DRILL 3.SPRAYING 2,4-D
28. METHODS OF WEEDING
Removal of weed are called weeding
Physical method-- By hand
Mechanical method– Using khurpi
Chemical method– Using weedicide
Biological method-- Using insects which feed on pests
By hand
By khurpi
By weedicide
Biological control
29. PEST CONTROL
Pests are organisms which are harmful to standing crops or stored food
grains.
Pest control can be done by chemicals called pesticides or by biological
means.
30. CROP IMPROVEMENT
Increase in food production can be achieved by high yielding crops
which can be achieved by the process of hybridization.
Hybridization is the cross breeding of two varieties of breed.
31. HARVESTING
The cutting of mature crop is called harvesting.
MANUAL HARVESTING MACHINE HARVESTING
BY SICKLE BY HARVESTER
32. THRESHING
Removal of grains from stalk is termed as threshing.
1.Manual threshing 2.Threshing machine 3.Combine thresher
33. WINNOWING
The process of separating chaff from grains using wind is called
winnowing
Traditional method Modern method
35. NEED OF SAFE STORAGE OF GRAINS
To ensure the availability of seasonal food
through out the year.
To facilitate distribution of food materials for
longer periods
To protect perishable food materials for
longer periods
To reach food materials to remote areas.
To facilitate the distribution of food materials
in case of emergency
Buffer stock: It is the food stock to supply at
the time of emergency
37. ELEMENTS OF ANIMAL HUSBANDARY
The various aspects of
animal husbandry are :
Feeding
Weeding
Breeding
Heeding
38. Same kind of plants being cultivated in large scale is called a crop
Base on season the crop can be classified as kharif(rainy) and rabi crops(winter)
Basic agricultural practices are 1)preparation of soil 2)sowing 3)adding manure and
fertilizer 4)irrigation 5)protection from weeds 6)harvesting and 7)storage.
For the preparation of soil hoe, plough or cultivator is used.
Sowing of seeds done by either funnel method or seed drill. Seed drills are
recommended mostly.
Manures or fertilizers are added for the proper growth of the crop.
Weeding is also essential in the proper growth of the crop.
Irrigation is very important in crop production.
Modern methods like sprinkler system or drip irrigation have many advantages.
Harvester or combine is very useful in harvesting of crops.
Proper storage is also very important in the proper distribution of food grains.
Animal husbandry is also an essential part of our food production.
RECAPTULATION
39. REVIEW
1. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CROP
GIVEN BELOW
ANSWER : RABI CROP
2.IDENTIFY THE IMAGE AND
GIVE THE USES
ANSWER: SEED DRILL
SOWING OF SEEDS
