Info tentang pengenalan kepada Kimia

1. Chapter 1
Introduction To Chemistry
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2. The Meaning of Chemistry
• A study of the composition, structures,
properties and interaction of matter.
Co St Pr Int




Composition - is amount of chemical in any chemical
product
Structure - the arrangement of chemicals in a substance
Properties - behaviour of chemical
Interaction - the reaction between substances with
another substance
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3. Composition & Structure
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4. • Chemistry word originates from
the Arabic word `al-kamiya’
• Antoine Lavoisier (French
Chemist) founder of modern
chemistry

5. MODERN CHEMISTRY
Modern chemistry was found in 17th
century.
 A branch of science that deals with
matter.
 All matter is chemical.

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6. Matter
• is any thing that have mass and can
occupy space
• All the thing in the environment
whether living or non-living thing
are matters.

7. Common chemicals used in daily life
• Table salt, NaCl
• Vinegar, CH3COOH
• Calcium carbonate, CaCO3
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8. The uses of common
chemicals in daily life
Name of
substance
Chemical
Formula
Table salt
NaCl
Vinegar
Uses
As preservatives and
cooking.
CH3COOH
Preservative for fruits and
food flavourings.
H2SO4
Electrolyte in car battery.
Ethanol
C2H5OH
To make alcoholic drinks
Calcium carbonate
CaCO3
Marble tiles, calcium
supplement.
Sulphuric acid
Sodium
bicarbonate
NaHCO3
Baking powder to raise
dough.
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9. Sodium
bicarbonate
Alcohols
Contains sodium chloride
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10. Occupation & Chemistry
• What do you want to do
– after SPM ? or
– after you leave Polytechnic? or
– after you leave University?
• Chemistry opens the door to many
careers.
• In fact, knowledge of chemistry is useful to
almost everyone in every field.
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11. Occupation & Chemistry
 Transportation
 Petroleum
 Medical
 Pharmacy
 Sports
 Formula 1
 Social
Service
 Fertilizer
 Fire Brigade,
Chemistry Teacher
 Farmer
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12. Occupation that require the knowledge of
chemistry
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Forensic scientist
Food technologist
Doctor
Geologist
Environmental scientist
Pharmacist
Pathologist
Bacteriologist

Horticulturalist
 Chemical engineer
 Cosmetic scientist

Biochemist

Laboratory technician
 Nutritionist

Aqua culturist

Etc.
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13. Chemical based Industries in Malaysia
• Petronas
• Asean Bintulu Fertiliser
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14. The Contribution of Chemical based Industries
towards the development of our country
• Create job opportunities
• Increase export earning (economy) / support
other small industries
• Improve health and standard of living
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15. Scientific Method
• Scientific method is a systematic method used to
solve problems in science.
• It usually done to understand the phenomena of
nature.
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16. Steps in Scientific Method
1
2
Making observation
3
Making inference
Identifying problem
5
4
6
Identifying
7
Controlling
variables
Making hypothesis
variables
8
Collecting data
Planning an
9
Interpreting data
experiment
11
10
Making conclusion
Writing report
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17. Terms in Scientific Method
• Observation – Gathering information using
five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and
touch.
• Inference – Making a smart guess or a
tentative explaination about the phenomenon
based on the observation.
• Hypothesis – Making general statement about
the relationship between a manipulated
variable and a responding variable in order to
explain the question asked.
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18. Terms in Scientific Method
• Variables – Manipulated, responding and fixed
variables
• Record data – Record in a table
• Interpreting data – Organising and analysing
data
• Conclusion – Making statement about the
outcome of the experiment
• Writing report – Communicating the details of
the experiment to spread and find benefit to the
findings.
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19. Writing Report (Format)
Name:
Title:
Date:
Class:
Aim:
Problem statement:
Hypothesis:
Variables:
(a) Manipulated variable:
(b) Responding variable:
(c) Fixed variable:
Materials and Apparatus:
Procedure:
Tabulation of Data:
Discussion:
Conclusion:
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20. NOBLE VALUE AND SCIENTIFIC
ATTITUDES
• Objectively
• Carefully
• Patiently
• Rational
• Critical
• Analytical
• Diligent
• Persevering