2. The Meaning of Chemistry
• A study of the composition, structures,
properties and interaction of matter.
Co St Pr Int
Composition - is amount of chemical in any chemical
product
Structure - the arrangement of chemicals in a substance
Properties - behaviour of chemical
Interaction - the reaction between substances with
another substance
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
3. • Chemistry word originates from
the Arabic word `al-kamiya’
• Antoine Lavoisier (French
Chemist) founder of modern
chemistry
4. MODERN CHEMISTRY
Modern chemistry was found in 17th
century.
A branch of science that deals with
matter.
All matter is chemical.
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
5. Matter
• is any thing that have mass and can
occupy space
• All the thing in the environment
whether living or non-living thing
are matters.
6. Common chemicals used in daily life
• Table salt, NaCl
• Vinegar, CH3COOH
• Calcium carbonate, CaCO3
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
7. The uses of common
chemicals in daily life
Name of
substance
Chemical
Formula
Uses
Table salt NaCl As preservatives and
cooking.
Vinegar CH3COOH Preservative for fruits and
food flavourings.
Sulphuric acid H2SO4 Electrolyte in car battery.
Ethanol C2H5OH To make alcoholic drinks
Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Marble tiles, calcium
supplement.
Sodium
bicarbonate
NaHCO3 Baking powder to raise
dough.
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
9. Occupation & Chemistry
• What do you want to do
– after SPM ? or
– after you leave Polytechnic? or
– after you leave University?
• Chemistry opens the door to many
careers.
• In fact, knowledge of chemistry is useful to
almost everyone in every field.
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
10. Occupation & Chemistry
Transportation Petroleum
Medical Pharmacy
Sports Formula 1
Social Service Fire Brigade,
Chemistry Teacher
Fertilizer Farmer
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
11. Occupation that require the knowledge of
chemistry
• Forensic scientist
• Food technologist
• Doctor
• Geologist
• Environmental scientist
• Pharmacist
• Pathologist
• Bacteriologist
Horticulturalist
Chemical engineer
Cosmetic scientist
Biochemist
Laboratory technician
Nutritionist
Aqua culturist
Etc.
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
12. Chemical based Industries in Malaysia
• Petronas
• Asean Bintulu Fertiliser
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
13. The Contribution of Chemical based Industries
towards the development of our country
• Create job opportunities
• Increase export earning (economy) / support
other small industries
• Improve health and standard of living
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
14. Scientific Method
• Scientific method is a systematic method used to
solve problems in science.
• It usually done to understand the phenomena of
nature.
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
15. Steps in Scientific Method
Making observation Making inference Identifying problem
Making hypothesis Identifying
variables
Controlling
variables
Planning an
experiment
Collecting data Interpreting data
Making conclusion Writing report
1 2 3
654
7 8 9
1110
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
16. Terms in Scientific Method
• Observation – Gathering information using
five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and
touch.
• Inference – Making a smart guess or a
tentative explaination about the phenomenon
based on the observation.
• Hypothesis – Making general statement about
the relationship between a manipulated
variable and a responding variable in order to
explain the question asked.
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
17. Terms in Scientific Method
• Variables – Manipulated, responding and fixed
variables
• Record data – Record in a table
• Interpreting data – Organising and analysing
data
• Conclusion – Making statement about the
outcome of the experiment
• Writing report – Communicating the details of
the experiment to spread and find benefit to the
findings.
Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
18. Writing Report (Format)
Name: Date:
Title: Class:
Aim:
Problem statement:
Hypothesis:
Variables:
(a) Manipulated variable:
(b) Responding variable:
(c) Fixed variable:
Materials and Apparatus:
Procedure:
Tabulation of Data:
Discussion:
Conclusion: Downloaded from http://www.pahaikan.synthasite.com
