coast minitest 2

1. CBSS Pure Geog
Mini test 2
Coastal landforms
Coastal transportation
Coastal erosion

2. 1 a The picture (Fig 1) below shows a series of coastal features found on a coast with
destructive waves.
Fig 1
(i) Explain the process that lead to the change in the coastal landform from a to e. [10]

3. • Found within headland areas where the rocks are
less resistant
• Waves attack lines of weakness (joints and
cracks) through hydraulic action and abrasion
• When these cracks are eroded and hollowed out,
caves may be formed
• When the cave hollows through the headland or
when erosion joins two caves on either side, a
bridge of rock known as an arch is left behind
• When the roof of the arch collapses, the pillar of
rock left behind is known as a stack
• Sustained erosion will further breakdown the stack
into a stump.

4. • Occurs due to the uneven rates of erosion of
different rock types
• Usually found in locations where there are
bands of alternating resistant and less
resistant rocks
• As the less resistant rocks are more easily
eroded, they give rise to bays
• The resistant rocks will stand out as
headlands
• The formation of headlands and bays gives
an indented coastline
(ii) Explain how headlands and bays are formed. [4]

5. • Coastal modification (negative)
–Removal of mangroves / corals
–Destruction of natural coastal defenses
• Coastal modification (positive)
–Creation of beach protection
mechanisms
• Gryones (intentional and non-intentional)
• Breakwaters to protect natural beaches.
b (i) Explain how human activity affects the rate of coastal erosion.

6. • Uncovered land area
• Large expanse of ocean
• Big fetch, large waves,
strong wind
• Ideal for windsurfing
(ii) Briefly explain why the waves around Australia are suitable for windsurfing.

7. • Longshore currents: ocean currents
flowing parallel to the coastline
• Moves sediments along the shore
• Combine effect of transportation by
longshore currents and beach drift is
longshore drift
• Swash comes in at an angle and
Backwash is perpendicular to the coast
due to gravity.
c (i) Explain with the aid of diagram(s) how beach material is transported along the
coast.