Research Paper On The Greek Ritual Of Proskynesis

Research Paper On Proskynesis
Explaining proskynesis [Titel niet vergeten!!!] –> no commas in it–clefths Over the past centuries a
number of researchers have sought to determine the proper meaning of the Greek word proskynesis.
It was the German lexicographer Passow who established the following definition: 'die Hand an den
Mund legen, sie mit einem Kusse gegen einen anderen ausstrecken und diesem dadurch seine
Ehrfurcht beziegen' [1]. A considerable amount of literature has been published on proskynesis,
primarily focussing on its occurrence in Arrian's Anabasis Alexandri, which deals with the refusal of
Callisthenes to perform proskynesis in front of Alexander of Macedon [2]. Originally, this Persian
court ritual was thought to be the only meaning to which the word ... Show more content on
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Due to the loss of the context it is difficult to classify this fragment. Without further digression, this
fragment may be seen in a Greek religious context due to the fact the mentioned Hermes was a god
in the Greek pantheon. For other sources, it is easier to classify whether they describe a typically
Persian or Greek ritual. The first of these sources is a fragment from one of the several fables of
Aesopus [3]. The fable deals with a donkey on whose back a divine statue is built/erected. When the
transient people perform proskynesis for this statue, the donkey was pleasantly thinking that they
were saluting him. This fragment is especially important for properly understandingproskynesis for
two main reasons: firstly, because Aesopus' fables were considered to be accessible to the entire
Greek–speaking population and secondly, the fact that Aesopus flourished before the Persians
undertook their expedition to Greece in the fifth century BCE, we may assume that proskynesis was
already well–known before the Greeks came into contact with the Persian court ritual. It is this
fragment that may be the most perspicuous indication that in Greek conception proskynesis is a
religious ritual and therefore notderived from a Persian court ritual. From the brief treatise in this
paragraph, it can be seen that when proskynesis is performed in the
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Alexander The Great Research Paper
Alexander the Great: Is He "Great"? Alexander the Great is called "the great" for a reason. People
praised him for possessing leadership skills necessary for running the expanding roman empire of
that time. He conquered many and expanded the roman empire. Alexander the Great should be
identified as "great" because he possesses strength, courage, and wit. Alexander was portrayed a
man of strength in many different situations throughout his life, even earlier, in his childhood. As
paragraph two of the "Biography of Alexander the Great" states, "[a]t age 12... he tamed
Bucephalus, an unruly stallion horse, unable to be ridden and devouring the flesh of all who had
tried". At age 12, he accomplished this feat that even grown men had failed at.

The Longer Path Of Truth
Jeanne McDonald
PHIL 4380
9 December 2015
The Longer Path of Truth So often in life people take shortcuts as a means to obtaining the goals
they seek. Why work toward a Master's degree when a Bachelor's will suffice? Why ask questions
about a particular candidate in an political race when it is easier to choose a party to support? Surely
those in charge know more than we do, so why should we refute them? According to Plato, this
attitude exhibits a lack of education (educare), which leaves a person blind to the truth. The
Republic by Plato clearly defines the overall theme of education (educare) through paideia that is
crucial to the purification (katharsis) of the soul (psyche) by turning the soul (psychagoge) toward
the good via "the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Only by turning the soul toward the good (psychagoge) can the true and genuine path to knowledge
(episteme) be revealed. Those who rely on the physical (physis) will never recall (anamnesis) the
truth (aletheia) that is hidden on the soul (psyche), thus never educing the psyche's true identity.
Education (paideia) is the pathway for the soul (psyche) to come to knowledge (episteme) with itself
and turn (periagoge) toward the spectacle of truth. In order for anamnesis to take place all parts of
the soul─the appetitive (epithymia), the spirited (thymos), and the rational (nous)─must be unified
by justice (dike) (432a). However, dike is hidden by the narrow mindedness of those who have yet
to see the light. Almost within reach, "Justice is clearly somewhere hereabouts," dike requires the
detours of the longer path to make it accessible (432b). The lover of the spectacle of truth knows
justices is close by, "look sharp, and call me if you see it first," and feels a deep compulsion within
the psyche to search for justice (dike) through the longer path (432b). Those who follow down that
path are warned the journey will not be easy. The spectacle of truth, while precious and pure, can be
a cruel mistress, pushing the philosopher and his followers down roads less travelled in effort to
reveal the good.

Archetypes Of Justice Of Socrates
There are two historical miscarriages of justice that haunt the psyche of the western world.
Archetypes of injustice that stand as monuments to the imperfections of man's ability to cast rightful
judgment upon his brothers for the sake of the common good. As such, the men burned by the
rampant fervor of mobs and disillusioned magistrates alike, though they were meant to be set alit
like funeral pyres to the credo they espoused, then fade away. The embers of martyrdom rather acted
as a catalyst that allowed their ideals to shine brighter than ever through the ashes of injustice. These
men are Jesus of Nazareth and Socrates of Athens. As such, Socrates found himself a victim of the
fleeting passions of democracy and the rampant fear of an era. His trial and subsequent execution
hence only succeeded in condemning Athenian democracy rather than in proving his guilt. Socrates
was charged with two crimes; impiety and corrupting the youth. For the first crime, Socrates defends
himself by asserting how his work is the work of the gods themselves. As such, in the Apology, he
claims that his friend Chaerephon, when visiting the Oracle of Delphi, asked her if there was anyone
wiser than Socrates, to which she replied there was none. Puzzled, Socrates embarked on a quest to
interrogate the perceived wisest men in Athens and thus discovered what made Socrates the wisest
man was not his knowledge, but his understanding of his lack of knowledge. Thus, his pious duty to
Apollo is to

Cultral Life in Ancient Greece Essay
With reference to sources, what does the evidence reveal about Spartan cultural life?
There were many different aspects to the Spartan cultural life which ancient sources and evidence
have provided insight and knowledge for our modern societies. These features include art,
architecture, writing and literature, and Greek writer's views of Sparta. The Spartan cultural life also
gives us knowledge into other aspects of Spartan life and the society in which they lived.
Architecture was one of the essential parts of the Spartan cultural life. The main sites for Spartan
architecture were Amyklaios, the Menelaion and the sanctuary of Artimis Orthia. The sanctuary of
Apollo Amyklaios, five kilometres south of Sparta was populated from ... Show more content on
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The longest fragment of Alcman consists of the hundred or so lines, complete or partial, of his
parthenion or maiden song. It seems to have been sung by a choir of girls at a religious festival
before dawn, competing in music and beauty with another choir... Its swift simplicity, brilliant
images and melodic beauty convey the grace and gaiety of an archaic world. ''
This quote from A.M. Davies about Alcman speaks to the audience; it helps us understand Alcman's
true beauty within poems that was felt by the reader. Tyrtaeus was another ancient Sparta writer,
Historians and archaeologists have discovered about 12 fragments by Tyrtaeus including at least
three complete poems , have been preserved in books by Strabo and other writers. Most historians
date Tyrtaeus' poems to the period of the second Messenian war. (c.650 BC). His writing was written
to praise the Spartan constitution and to encourage heroism in Sparties.A.lesky expresses his
emotions towards Tyrtaeus' poetry,
'' ... it is as the advocate of steadfastness in battle that Tyrtaeus appears in the extant poems. His kind
of poetry... has been well characterized as propaganda poetry. The hearer is constantly exhorted to
march forward boldly, to grit his teeth, to fight bravely hand to hand, to endure until death , which is
the warrior's greatest glory.''
This expresses A.lesky's opinion on Tyrtaeus' poetry. Writing and literature through both ancient
sources and evidence proves to

Athenian Democracy and Divination Essay
Athenian Democracy and Divination
Divination was a prevalent feature in Archaic Greece, as it provided objective advice, to assist
people in making appropriate decisions in problematic predicaments. In certain situations its
ambiguity allowed decisions to be postponed, or blame to be assigned to others. Divination was also
used to explain matters that seemed unexplainable, such as crop failure or drought. This is illustrated
in the Homeric epics, which depicts numerous oracle interpreters, such as Calchas, consulting
oracles on domestic, as well as, military decisions. Divination was a guiding authority in ancient
society. However, during the fifth and fourth century BC, the democratic ... Show more content on
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Furthermore, when the Athenians suggest to the Melians that they should become allies with them,
against the Spartans, the Melians state:
'â€¦We trust that the gods will give us fortune as good as yoursâ€¦'[3]
In contrast, the Athenians dismiss the protection of the gods, and state:
'This kind of attitude is not going to be of much help to you in your absurd conquest for safety at the
moment'.[4]
Thucydides portrays the Athenians in an arrogant light, which suggests that they will get their
comeuppance for such sacrilegious opinions. Furthermore, Thucydides also highlights the scientific
approach that the Athenians have towards their domination of the Peloponnese, suggesting that it is
the 'law of nature', that they should conquer as much as they can. The rise of freethinking, that the
democracy had established, had lead to the neglect of the gods. In comparison, Xerxes, in his
conquest to dominate Greece, complies with a dream that is sent from the gods, which indicates to
him and Artabanus that he should continue with the Persian wars.[5] Herodotus, writing in the early
fifth century, highlights the importance of following divination, whereas, Thucydides, writing in the
later fifth century, focuses on decisions made by the people.
The Sicilian expedition, from 415BC,

Enmeduranki's Divine Journey
Although no parent–child relationship occurred in this text, scholars often posit it as source material
for 1 Enoch; perhaps, a relationship exists through the lens of divinely ordained journeys:
"Enmeduranki [king of Sippar], the beloved of Anu, Enlil [and Ea]. Šamaš and Adad [brought him
in] to their assembly. Šamaš and Adad [honored him]. Šamaš and Adad [set him] on a large throne
of gold. They showed him how to observe oil on water, a mystery of Anu, [Enlil and Ea]. They gave
him the tablet of the gods, the liver, a secret of heaven and [underworld]. "
The text begins with Enmeduranki's ascension into an assembly of gods whereby he gains secret
knowledge. His anabasis occurs to legitimate divination through his new role as teacher. ... Show
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The warrior relates his story of traveling to a place of judgment. Before him stood two openings:
one led to heaven, one led into a chasm. After the solder arrived, beings stationed there charged him
as a messenger, and souls visited him from both heaven and the chasm to relate their experiences.
Socrates expresses this story, identifying an afterlife where a ten–fold repayment of deeds occurs.
So, by what criteria is this story a divine journey? Emile Bréhier comments on this passage that "the
place of judgment becomes the center of the earth; Platonic heaven becomes the fixed sphere . . . "
Socrates's katabasis story, then, is a descent to the place of judgment; the journey itself begets
authority–the messenger awakens from death to recount the story of heaven, the chasm, and the
judgment that sends men to dwell in each. Plato uses the story, placed on Socrates's lips, as authority
for his arguments on the proper way to live life

People Used Plants For Medicine Way Before Pure Chemicals
people used plants for medicine way before pure chemicals were manufactured in laboratories.
There are more than one hundred active ingredients derived from plants for use of drugs and
medicines. Examples of this are Anabesine which is a skeletal muscle relaxant and it is sourced by
the plant named Anabasis sphylla. Another example is Codeine which is an analgesic and it comes
from the planted called Papaver somniferum known as the poppy. Animals – most of prescription
medications and drugs contain products derived from animals, such as cow or pig. Examples of
medications and drugs that contain ingredients from animals are Gelatin. It is a protein that is
obtained by boiling the skin, ligaments, tendons and bones from pigs and cows ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because these drugs reduce the production of prostaglandins, which help to protect the
digestive tract from stomach acid. Adverse effects can vary from hives to vomiting. Toxic effects are
the most dangerous effect and can result in death. If the patient is experiencing a toxic effect, the
medication must be stopped immediately and measures should be put in place to stop the toxic effect
occurring on the patient. The difference between a therapeutic effect and a toxic effect is the dosage
taken. The MHRA is an agency that governs the approval and use of all drugs in the UK. The
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) is used to classify the active
ingredients in drugs according to its organ or system on which it acts on, along with its therapeutic,
pharmaceutical and chemical properties. The World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for
Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC) controls it and was published in 1976. With the
pharmaceutical coding system, it divides drugs into various groups. Each bottom–level ATC code
stands for a pharmaceutically used substance or a combination of substance in a single indication or
use. Therefore this means that one drug may have more than one code depending on what the drugs
is being used for. An example of this is

Odesseus and Gilgamesh Essay
In literature there are many aspects and different narratives of the same story which is subject to
change. There are numerous ideas which can be captured and conceived according to the reviewer
and very good examples of such literary work are Mythological tales. Most commonly renowned
mythological work is of "Homers Odyssey" and the "Epic of Gilgamesh" with major emphasis on
the tentative issue of "heroism". Odysseus belonged to mainland Europe and Gilgamesh Epic is
Middle Eastern work with Gilgamesh's tale having been written on twelve tablets of clay. Both these
tales are folklore and are considered an Epic which means a saga, Heroic Poem, narrative or
Legend. A frenzy of events takes place including achievements and prominent ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Odysseus's tale starts sailing far and wide and on reaching north put the ships on hanger where
Eurylochus who was second in command of Odysseus prepared a male and female sheep for
sacrifice. After offering prayers to the dead the people of the river offered the sheep to them and put
the remaining parts in a pit which had been dug with shadows of the dead gathering around. It was a
ritual to establish communion with the dead who bore messages for the living and were respected
and offered sacrifices.
Elpenor who was the comrade of Odysseus amongst the dead and the first one to walk in the pit
requested Odysseus to go back to Aeaea and to bless but he gestured his sword to hold her back with
Tiresias (a blind prophet ) warning him of a turbulent future.
Prophesying that he might return home accompanied by none and on dealing with the suitors
troubling his kith and kin in Ithaca, he will have to walk inlands which will only end when he finds
people who have never heard of the ocean followed by ceding to Poseidon. Further Tiresias also told
Odysseus that the reason his mother did not share a gaze with him was that she must be allowed to
taste blood.
The shadow of Odysseus's mother also told him that Laertes (father of Odysseus) was sick and
longed for him. The next spirit in the pit was of the grand daughter of Aeolus, who shared a story
including mother of Oedipus, Nestor Castor, Pollux and Ariadne respectively. Next in the pit was
Odysseus's

Alexander The Great Philosopher
Aristotle was born in 382 BCE; he excelled in school and after graduation continued teaching at
Plato's academy. In 343 BCE, his work was noticed by King Phillip II of Macedonia who hired
Aristotle to tutor his son Alexander, who would later become known as Alexander the Great (Mark,
"Aristotle").
Working alongside his student, Theophrastus, from the school he founded, Lyceum; they discovered
a field of science that would later be known as biology. Aristotle concentrated on the biology of
animals and Theophrastus, the biology of plants (Lennox, Mark, "Aristotle"). Aristotle is also known
for his work in metaphysics. This type of philosophical thought led to his work in the study ethics.
Originally written for his son, Nichomachean Ethics is still the foundation in the study of ethics
(Mark, "Aristotle). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is believed that he was born in circa 435 BCE in Northern Africa, later moving to Athens. He
believed the purpose of life was to enjoy pleasure. It is rumored that he did not care what others
thought, even if it went against cultural norms. He was known for keeping the company of
prostitutes and was also accused of leaving his infant son to die to which he responded, that he had
no need for something that was of no use to him (O'Keefe). As was the custom at the time,
philosophers taught for free; however, many felt that Aristippus betrayed Socrates, because he was
the first to charge a fee for his teachings. His followers started a school called Cyrenaic, based on
Aristippus' teachings (Mark,

Greece And Rome : Models For The U.s. Constitution
Liz Mairena
Survey of U.S. History; Section 28
Dr. Marlin
Due date: 04/29/16
Greece and Rome: Models for The U.S. Constitution
The United States Constitution was carefully crafted by a group of deliberate and thoughtful
individuals; each having their own unique and particular ideas about government, and the people it
may govern. As this supreme foundation for government was molded, each founding father put forth
their learned beliefs and philosophies to be integrated into this modern document. All of the crafting
members were both well–read and thoroughly educated, allowing for deep and extended discussions
on past governments, their efficiencies, and their deficiencies. Through their readings and
philosophical discussions, it became apparent that two previously governing bodies stood, in their
opinions, above the rest: The Greek and Roman empires. Their governmental practices and virtues
were key in the development of the Constitution, as they were dissected, and eventually, emulated
by this country's founding members.
America's somewhat early history (1760–1790) primarily showed signs of the Greek language and
culture's widespread popularity by reason of its core values and teachings. The nine major colonial
colleges, including Harvard, Dartmouth, Brown, Yale, King's College (Columbia), Queen's College
(Rutgers), College of New Jersey (Princeton), College of Pennsylvania, and William and Mary, all
systematically implemented Greek and Latin into their curriculums. The

The Discipline Of Military History
Military history is a humanities discipline within the scope of general historical recording of armed
conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, their cultures, economies and
changing intra and international relationships.
Professional historians normally focus on military affairs that had a major impact on the societies
involved as well as the aftermath of conflicts, while amateur historians and hobbyists often take a
larger interest in the details of battles, equipment and uniforms in use. The essential subjects of
military history study are the causes of war, the social and cultural foundations, military doctrine on
each side, the logistics, leadership, technology, strategy, and tactics used, and how these changed ...
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When certifying military history instructors the Combat Studies Institute deemphasizes rote detail
memorization and focuses on themes and context in relation to current and future conflict, using the
motto "Past is Prologue."
The discipline of military history is dynamic, changing with development as much of the subject
area as the societies and organisations that make use of it. The dynamic nature of the discipline of
military history is largely related to the rapidity of change the military forces, and the art and science
of managing them, as well as the frenetic pace of technological development that had taken place
during the period known as the Industrial Revolution, and more recently in the nuclear and
information ages.
An important recent concept is the Revolution in Military Affairs which attempts to explain how
warfare has been shaped by emerging technologies, such as gunpowder. It highlights the short
outbursts of rapid change followed by periods of relative

Analysis Of Cyrus ' Ascension Of The Throne '
Greek society put forth some of histories greatest works of writing, producing some of histories
greatest sources in which granted insight into both their own culture and society and that o other
civilizations of their time. Out of Greece came such a great writer and historian as Xenophon who
through his military experience was able to gain insight into the inner workings of Persian society
and culture under the rule of Cyrus. His authoring of the work Cyropaedia and other Persian related
sources showcase Cyrus' tactics and reformations put into place in order to successfully rule over a
vast multicultural society. It is clear that Cyropaedia is not necessarily meant to be truly written as a
historical document of Cyrus' ascension to the throne. The sources authored by Xenophon instead
playthe role of an artist's rendition mixed with philosophical antidotes towards the role of a leader in
the eyes of Xenophon as he uses Cyrus' life in order to put forth his own philosophical ideologies.
While filled with some inaccuracies due to Xenophon's own motives it does offers great insight into
the transformation of culture and society of the Persians under the rule of Cyrus and the various
changes he implicated. According to Xenophon, The use of his education, the ability to rule through
fear and demand respect along with the transformation of the Persian army were all factors that
Xenophon discusses leading to the shift of Persian culture and society from that of one focused upon

Kurdistan Workers Party Research Paper
The Kurdistan Workers' Party
I decided to do my paper on the terrorist organization named "Kurdistan Workers' party" from what I
have read about them they are a very interesting group, but violent. The main reason for their attacks
is to form a Kurdistan state within Turkey. Some people apart of this organization feel that Turkey
has oppressed their culture. They want to fight Turkish officials to prove their point. The group was
started by Abdullah Ocalan, a man who believes in Marxist–lenist ideas. Abdullah now resides in a
Turkish prison but still has control over what the PKK (Kurdish workers' party) does. First, Some
history of Abdullah Ocalan. He was born in Kurdish village in the country of Turkey. The city where
he was born was Omerli, Turkey, On the date of April 4, 1948. He is also known as "Apo" which
means Uncle. He was basically the guy who started it all. I am sure there were many before him
with different beliefs, but he was the guy who created the group to make a change for some Kurdish
people. I do say some because not all Kurdish people may agree with Apo, because of the violence
the group portrays. Ocalan's surname means "avenger". The group can be said to be a terrorist
organization by most countries, and defiantly an enemy to Turkey. "Ocalan was born to a peasant
family in a village in southeastern Turkey. He had vague political aspirations as a youngster."
(Abdullah Ocalan) This leads me to believe that being in poor family led him to want to change

No Parent Child Relationship With Second Temple...
Six out of nineteen texts held topoi providing a possible parent–child relationship with Second
Temple apocalyptic work. Further consideration reduced the number to three. Of the texts that
remain, The Ascent of Enmeduranki, the Divine Nomination of Thutmose II, and Plato's Republic
(614b), ranked the strongest. These three sources follow here, respectively.
The Ascent of Enmeduranki
Although no parent–child relationship occurred in this text, scholars often posit it as source material
for 1 Enoch; perhaps, a relationship exists through the lens of divinely ordained journeys:
"Enmeduranki [king of Sippar], the beloved of Anu, Enlil [and Ea]. Šamaš and Adad [brought him
in] to their assembly. Šamaš and Adad [honored him]. Šamaš and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
24:1–38:3, and 67 as the final ascension seen in Gen. 5:24). Alongside these similarities, however,
are general distinctions as noted under Topos of Secrecy, and specific distinctions concerning
divinely ordained Journeys.
Enmeduranki's journey–authority derives from his presence among deity. By comparison, Enoch's
author wove together multiple authorities: divine presence begins a journey, but includes authority
from cosmology, secrecy, and righteousness. Furthermore, using 1 Enoch 14:8 as an example, the
author provides both setting and method in which Enoch ascends; yet, a close reading shows no
description of the anabasis in Enmeduranki text. These descriptions, however, are present in the
Divine Nomination of Thutmose III.
The Divine Nomination of Thutmose III
The Divine Nomination of Thutmose III concerns his legitimacy as ruler, providing a picture of the
Egyptian enthronement rites:
"[He opened for] me the doors of heaven; he spread open for me the portals of its horizon. I flew up
to the sky as a divine falcon, that I might see his mysterious form which is in heaven, that I might
adore his majesty. (10) ... I saw the forms of being of the Horizon God on his mysterious ways in
heaven. Re himself established me, and I was endowed with [his] crowns [which] were upon his
head, his uraeus–serpent was fixed upon [my brow] ... I [was equipped] with all his states of

Prejudice In Iraq
In Kurdish folklore, Zuhak was a wicked king who ruled over Persia for a thousand years. The
malevolent king had a pet snake that would receive sacrifices every day. The sacrifice would contain
the fresh brains of young men, but the preparer would add the brains of sheep instead in an attempt
to save one of the two men required for each offering. The men rescued from the sacrifice became
known as the first Kurds. Because of the malicious rule of the king, Spring had stopped coming,
causing a continuous Winter. A local blacksmith and rebel leader named Kawa, who lost six sons to
Zuhak, led his followers to overthrow and kill the king. Kawa assumed the kingship on March 20th
and lit a bonfire on top of a mountain to show the people that the evil ... Show more content on
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The Kurds sided with Iran in the war which prompted Saddam to start a separate campaign against
the Kurds (Goldman 2) called al–Anfal, which in Arabic means "Spoils." Saddam Hussein's cousin
Ali Hasan al–Majid proceeded to use chemical weapons Operation al–Anfal, earning him the
nickname Chemical Ali. Most notably, he used Mustard, Cyanide, Sarin, Tabun, and VX gas on the
city of Halabja killing in excess of 12,000 people. Saddam also directed his military to raid rebel
villages and kill everything, civilians and livestock alike ("Prejudice in Iraq" 10). Historians
estimate that over 100,000 Kurds died in the genocide (Goldman 2). The genocide lasted up until the
first Gulf War in 1991, and in which the United States established a haven and no–fly–zone for the
Kurds to settle in Northern Iraq. Kurdish organizations used the protection to develop independent
civil authority apart from the Iraqi government. The securities given by the United States granted an
elongated period of peace for the Kurds up to and for a brief period after the invasion and
occupation of Iraq at the beginning of the twenty–first century ("Kurd"

Company History And Overview Of The Coca-Cola Company
COCA COLA INTERNATIONAL
HISTORY:
As the Coca–Cola Company was established in 1986, each of its franchises has a strong heritage in
the traditions of Coca–Cola that is the foundation for this Company.
The Coca–Cola Company traces it's beginning to 1886, when Dr John Pemberton, began to produce
Coca–Cola syrup for sale in fountain drinks. However the business of bottling began in 1899 when
Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, secured the elegant rights to bottle and sell Coca–
Cola in United States from the Coca–Cola Company.
The Coke bottling system continued to operate independently in local businesses until the early
1980s when bottling franchises began to consolidation. In 1986, The Company merged some of its
company–owned operations with two large ownership groups that were, for sale– the John T. Lupton
franchises and BCI ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data about the market share of Coca–Cola Company according to area is given in the following
table.
The above table shows the geographical earning of the Company and from this data; we can find out
that the customers of the Coca–Cola are increasing. Unit case equals 24 ounce servings. The portion,
which shows the non–alcoholic quencherconsist of profitable, sold beverages, as evaluated by the
Company, according to available industry sources.
In Asian population, the satisfied consumers of Coca–Cola, is around 3.2 billion and the average
consumer enjoys close to two servings of their products each month. Through intense focus on
Coca–Cola, innovation and new quencher, the company has achieved the growth of 10% in 2010.
With developing population & economy, the company is building and exciting the family of
beverage brands, in order to expand the popularity of the core brands, led by Coca–Cola. In China,
for example, sale of Coca–Cola is increased by 6%. The total unit case sale of Coca Cola in Asia can
be shown by the following pie chart.

The Influence Of Alexander The Siege Of Tyre
The invasion of Asia and the Persian Empire was a proving ground for Alexander to see if he could
live up to his father and cement his legacy. He lavished every type of victory that could be had
except for one that he thought would be stolen. Alexander had a chance to destroy the Persian army
with a surprise attack but decided to wait until they were prepared for battle, so it could be a well–
earned victory. He wanted to win his battles outright and in the open with no trickery that would
prevent people from attributing him as the sole reason for victory. Along with other ego–boosting
actions, he decided to dedicate a city in Egypt to himself, which was called Alexandria. Every king
of any worth needs to have a city named after himself, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, after he finds out that Darius had been killed by someone in his inner circle, Alexander
had him buried and given the honors of previous Persian kings. However, Alexander participates in
an act that is reflective of what happened nearly 150 years prior. The Persian king Xerxes burned the
city of Athens and its temples to the ground. Likewise, Alexander did the same act on the city of
Persepolis, which did nothing short of destroy one of the major cities in all the Persian Empire.
Arrian describes that this was done against the pleas and wishes of his generals, but he continued
with the destruction. Alexander also recovered a vast amount of treasures that had been stolen from
mainland Greece during the 5th century. He retook many talents of silver and gold, and statues of
Greek heroes such as Harmodius and Aristogeiton. It seems that he was indeed following through
with punishing the Persians for their past transgressions. Contrastingly enough, Alexander sported
Persian garb near the twilight of his life to help establish himself as a Persian King. Arrian said: "So
also with his adoption of Persian dress. I see this as a political device aimed at both constituencies–
to show the barbarians that their king was not a wholly alien figure, and as a sign to the
Macedonians that he was distancing himself from the national

What Caused Death and Injury During (and After) Ancient...
What caused injury and death during (and after) ancient battles? Soldiering has never been an easy
job. In any period of history the risks are rarely any different, death and injury stalk every battlefield
the world over. Egyptian and Greek warfare became sophisticated theatres of mortality and injury in
their day, the means by which the enemy could be dispatched were numerous and effective.
Rivalling this however, was nature; infection and disease were as big a risk to the soldier as any
blade. Injury is also present in the mind of the warrior, the stress of battle, the grief, the inner
turmoil caused by murder and the horrors one could witness remained long in the memory of every
veteran and for some this manifested itself in mental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This relief displays the impact arrows had in battle alongside other weapons; Winlock comments
that, 'the dead and wounded bristling with arrows in the Deshasheh reliefs give a realistic picture of
the battlefields'. Along with sources like that of The Tomb of Amenemhet and its depiction of ranged
weapons we can confidently assert that arrows and other ranged weapons played a large role in
causing the casualties of Egyptian warfare, the physical evidence unsupportive due to flesh decay
and wood's biodegradability. In all, the pitched battle was quite clearly a dangerous place but if we
are to take the Deir el Bahri tomb as an example there appears to be only 60 or so dead out of a
force of perhaps hundreds, a reasonably low percentage, it would be reasonable to assume that death
and injury trailed the surviving soldier home. Many of the injuries sustained during a battle would
not be immediately lethal, Egyptian soldiers could carry war wounds to their death. Short term post
battle deaths would occur from damage like: internal bleeding, blood loss, infection and injuries
which would prevent the soldier from functions like eating and drinking. Many more would survive
battles with injuries that whilst were not lethal in the short term would leave the sufferer with severe
pain and/or disability. We know that many could return from battle with brain damage, the Edwin

Alexander The Great, Son Of Philip II Of Macedon
Alexander the Great, son of Philip II of Macedon is one of history's most controversial figures in
relation to his character and methodology. His legacy is a subject still discussed and assessed by
many scholars, as it is one that has left its mark on the Ancient World and its stigma, positive or
negative, is still felt today around the world. However, there is no controversy that Alexander was an
individual with a plethora of abilities and traits that understood and assessed situations, and his
risky, yet mostly calculated actions helped him establish his title of being considered "Great". His
legacy and "greatness" undoubtedly extend from his mighty military campaigns and his his
glorification during and after his death, as well as his potential administration ideals, and his being
the catalyst for the foundation of the Hellenistic era. In his short, yet astonishing career, Alexander
managed to defeat the Persian empire, a superpower forty–two times the size of the united Greece
he led. There is no controversy about Alexander's military genius and Burn says 'no soldier in
history is more indisputably "great" than Alexander." He started, of course, with the advantage of
Philip 's army and he did have a number of reverses, such as the march through the Gedrosian
Desert. His genius, however, is apparent in every aspect of warfare and in every military
undertaking between those of the Granicus and Hydaspes River. He was able to modify and adapt
his tactics to suit each

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