Thank you for selecting our 𝐏𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐱 PPT This medical PowerPoint template about 𝐏𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐱 You can download our template by visiting our website: https://www.rxslides.com/product/pneumothorax-powerpoint-template copy and paste this URL into the browser and download the full editable template. This 𝐏𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐱 animated template is designed by RxSlides, a medical professional team covering the following topics about 𝐏𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐱 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 • 𝐏𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐱: Collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura causing lung collapse. 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 o Normal lung physiology involves the expansion and contraction of the lung during breathing. o Air accumulation in the pleural space increases intrapleural pressure. o Increased intrapleural pressure compresses the lung, decreasing its volume and leading to collapse 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 o Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: Occurs in healthy individuals due to rupture of abnormal air sacs. o Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: Associated with underlying lung diseases like COPD, cystic fibrosis, and emphysema. o Traumatic pneumothorax: Caused by chest injury, such as a fractured rib, gunshot wound, or blunt trauma. o Tension pneumothorax: A life-threatening condition caused by a one-way valve mechanism allowing air entry but preventing its escape. o Iatrogenic pneumothorax: Occurs as a complication of medical procedures like lung biopsy or central line insertion. o Catamenial pneumothorax: Rare, occurring in women with endometriosis, where endometrial tissue bleeds into the pleural space 𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬 • Medical icons representing: emphysema, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, endometriosis, collagen vascular disease, tuberculosis, asthma, and pneumonia. 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐤 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 Gender, age, genetics, previous infection, smoking, deep-sea diving, drug use (inhaled), and changes in air pressure. 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬 Chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, fast breathing, fatigue, rapid heart rate. (Visualized) 𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐬 X-ray, CT scan, ultrasound, auscultation, percussion. 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐎𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 Observation, chest tube drainage, supplemental oxygen, chemical pleurodesis, needle aspiration, and surgery. 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 • Re-expansion pulmonary edema, treatment-related damage/infection, inability to breathe, heart failure, death. (Visualized) 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐬 • Stop smoking, avoid high-altitude activities, monitor lung conditions. Visit our site for more animated templates 𝗵𝘁𝘁𝗽𝘀://𝘄𝘄𝘄.𝗿𝘅𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗱𝗲𝘀.𝗰𝗼𝗺 RxSlides PowerPoint icons and illustrations related to 𝐏𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐱 will help you customize the content of this editable presentation according to your content and audience interest.

1. Pneumothorax
PowerPoint Template

2. Definition
o Pneumothorax is
the collection of air
outside the lung
but within the
pleural cavity.
o It occurs when air
accumulates
between the
parietal and
visceral pleura,
causing the lung to
collapse.
o The collapsing
lung can compress
surrounding
structures, leading
to serious
complications.

3. Definition

4. Normal Mechanism of lungs
During inhalation, the
diaphragm contracts
and the chest cavity
expands.
This causes air to flow
into the lungs through
the airways.
The air travels into the
alveoli, where oxygen is
exchanged for carbon
dioxide
During exhalation,
the diaphragm
relaxes and the
chest cavity
contracts.
This causes air to
flow out of the
lungs through the
airways.
The carbon dioxide-
rich air is expelled
from the body.

5. Mechanism of pneumothorax
o Normal lung
physiology
involves the
expansion and
contraction of the
lung during
breathing.
o Air accumulation in
the pleural space
increases
intrapleural
pressure.
o Increased
intrapleural
pressure
compresses the
lung, decreasing
its volume and
leading to
collapse.

6. Types
• Primary
spontaneous
• Secondary
spontaneous:
• Traumatic:
• Tension:
• Iatrogenic
• Catamenial

7. Formation
Initial Lung Injury:
Rupture or damage to lung
tissue creates a small air
leak.
Air Trapping:
Trapped air creates a pocket
within the lung tissue,
called a bleb.
Over time, the bleb expands
and becomes a bulla.
Increased Intrapleural
Pressure:
As the bullae grows, it
compresses surrounding
lung tissue.
This compression increases
the pressure within the
pleural space.
Tension Pneumothorax:
In some cases, a one-way
valve mechanism can
develop.
This allows air to enter the
pleural space, but prevents
its escape, causing a life-
threatening tension
pneumothorax.

8. spontaneous pneumothorax:
Abnormal Alveoli:
In spontaneous
pneumothorax, tiny air
sacs in the lung called
alveoli are abnormally
weak or prone to
rupture.
These abnormalities
can be congenital or
develop due to
smoking, underlying
lung diseases, or
unknown factors.
Air Leak:
Weakened or ruptured
alveoli allow air to leak
from the lung tissue
into the pleural space,
the area between the
lung and the chest
wall.

9. spontaneous pneumothorax:
Increased
Intrapleural
Pressure:
As air accumulates
in the pleural
space, it
compresses the
lung, leading to
increased
pressure.
Lung Collapse:
The increasing
pressure and air
accumulation
cause the lung to
partially or
completely
collapse.

10. spontaneous pneumothorax
o Primary
spontaneous
pneumothorax:
Occurs in healthy
individuals due to
rupture of
abnormal air sacs.
o Secondary
spontaneous
pneumothorax:
Associated with
underlying lung
diseases like
COPD, cystic
fibrosis, and
emphysema.

11. Traumatic pneumothorax
Caused by chest injury,
such as a fractured rib,
gunshot wound, or
blunt trauma

12. Mechanism

13. Tension pneumothorax
o : A life-threatening
condition caused
by a one-way
valve mechanism
allowing air entry
but preventing its
escape.

14. Iatrogenic Pneumothorax
o :
Occurs as a
complication of
medical
procedures like
lung biopsy or
central line
insertion

15. Catamenial pneumothorax
o : Rare,
occurring in women with
endometriosis, where
endometrial tissue
bleeds into the pleural
space.

16. Causes
▪ Lung diseases:
Emphysema,
lung cancer,
cystic fibrosis,
endometriosis
▪ Collagen
vascular
diseases: Lupus,
rheumatoid
arthritis
▪ Infections:
Tuberculosis,
pneumonia
▪ Smoking
▪ Deep-sea diving
▪ Drug use
(inhaled)
▪ Changes in air
pressure

17. Causes

18. Susceptibility

19. Factors
• Gender, age,
genetics,
previous
infection,
smoking,
deep-sea
diving, drug
use (inhaled),
changes in air
pressure.

20. Symptoms
Chest
pain: Sharp, sudden
pain that worsens with
breathing.
Shortness
of breath: Difficulty
breathing, especially on
the affected side.
Cough:
Dry, unproductive
cough.

21. Symptoms
Fast
breathing: Feeling the
need to breathe more
often than usual.
Fast
heart rate

22. Symptoms
Fatigue:
Feeling tired and weak.
Rapid
heart rate: Increased
heart rate, especially
with exertion.

23. Diagnosis
Physical
examination: Listening for
breath sounds and
checking for signs of
chest trauma.
Chest X-
ray: The most common
diagnostic test to confirm
the presence of air in the
pleural space.
CT scan:
Provides further details
and helps assess the
extent of the
pneumothorax.
Ultrasound:
Can be useful in certain
situations, especially for
evaluating young children
or individuals with
unstable conditions.
Auscultatio
n: Listening for breath
sounds with a
stethoscope.
Percussion:
Tapping the chest wall to
assess lung density

24. Treatment
Observation:
For small, uncomplicated
pneumothorax, close
observation and monitoring
may be sufficient.
Chest tube
drainage: Insertion of a tube
into the pleural space to
remove air and allow the
lung to re-expand.
Supplement
al oxygen: Administration of
oxygen to improve blood
oxygen levels.
Chemical
pleurodesis: Introduction of
medication into the pleural
space to irritate it and cause
scarring, preventing future
air leaks.
Needle
aspiration: Removal of air
using a needle and syringe
for small pneumothoraces.
Surgery: In
severe cases or recurrent
pneumothoraces, surgical
intervention may be
necessary to repair the lung
tissue and prevent future
leaks.

25. Complications
Re-
expansion pulmonary
edema: Accumulation
of fluid in the lungs
following re-expansion
after chest tube
removal.
Treatment
-related damage or
infection: Chest tube
insertion or other
procedures can cause
complications like
bleeding, infection, or
damage to nearby
structures.

26. Complications
Inability to
breathe: Severe cases of
pneumothorax can lead
to respiratory failure.
Heart
failure: In rare cases,
pneumothorax can put
strain on the heart,
leading to heart failure.
Death:
Untreated or severely
complicated
pneumothorax can be
fatal.

27. Prevention
Treating
underlying medical
conditions: Managing
existing medical
conditions that can
contribute to
pneumothorax can help
prevent future
occurrences.
Maintaining
a healthy lifestyle: Eating
a healthy diet, exercising
regularly, and maintaining
a healthy weight can
boost overall health and
potentially decrease the
risk of pneumothorax.

28. Prevention
Smoking
cessation: Smoking is a
major risk factor for
pneumothorax.
Quitting smoking
significantly reduces
the risk.
Avoiding
high-altitude activities:
Rapid changes in air
pressure can increase
the risk of
pneumothorax.
Limiting activities like
mountain climbing or
scuba diving is
recommended for
individuals at risk.
Monitorin
g lung conditions:
Regular checkups and
monitoring of
underlying lung
conditions like COPD
or cystic fibrosis can
help identify and
address potential risks.

29. Icon collection

30. Icon collection