PNEUMOTHORAX IS VERY CRITCAL CONDITION

1. TOPIC - PNEUMOTHOREX

2. DEFINITION
 A pneumothorax (noo-moe-THOR-aks)
is a collapsed lung. A pneumothorax
occurs when air leaks into the space
between your lung and chest wall. This
air pushes on the outside of your lung
and makes it collapse. A pneumothorax
can be a complete lung collapse or a
collapse of only a portion of the lung

7. What are the Symptoms of
Pneumothorax?
 Sharp, stabbing chest pain that
worsens when trying to breath in.
 Shortness of breath.
 Bluish skin caused by a lack of
oxygen.
 Fatigue.
 Rapid breathing and heartbeat.
 A dry, hacking cough

8. Causes:-
A pneumothorax can be caused by:
Chest injury:-Any blunt or penetrating injury to your chest can cause lung
collapse. Some injuries may happen during physical assaults or car crashes,
while others may inadvertently occur during medical procedures that involve
the insertion of a needle into the chest.
Lung disease:- Damaged lung tissue is more likely to collapse. Lung
damage can be caused by many types of underlying diseases, such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, lung cancer or
pneumonia. Cystic lung diseases, such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Birt-
Hogg-Dube syndrome, cause round, thin-walled air sacs in the lung tissue that
can rupture, resulting in pneumothorax.
Ruptured air blisters:- Small air blisters (blebs) can develop on the
top of the lungs. These air blisters sometimes burst — allowing air to leak into
the space that surrounds the lungs.
Mechanical ventilation:- A severe type of pneumothorax can occur in
people who need mechanical assistance to breathe. The ventilator can create
an imbalance of air pressure within the chest. The lung may collapse
completely.

9. Risk factors:-
In general, men are far more likely to have a
pneumothorax than women are. The type of
pneumothorax caused by ruptured air blisters is most
likely to occur in people between 20 and 40 years old,
especially if the person is very tall and underweight.
Underlying lung disease or mechanical ventilation can be
a cause or a risk factor for a pneumothorax. Other risk
factors include:
Smoking:- The risk increases with the length of time
and the number of cigarettes smoked, even without
emphysema.
Genetics:-Certain types of pneumothorax appear to
run in families.
Previous pneumothorax:- Anyone who has had
one pneumothorax is at increased risk of another.

10. Diagnosis:-
A pneumothorax is generally
diagnosed using a chest X-ray.
In some cases, a computerized
tomography (CT) scan may be
needed to provide more-
detailed images. Ultrasound
imaging also may be used to
identify a pneumothorax.

11. Needle aspiration or chest tube insertion
If a larger area of your lung has collapsed, it's likely that a needle or chest tube
will be used to remove the excess air.
Needle aspiration:- A hollow needle with a small flexible tube (catheter) is
inserted between the ribs into the air-filled space that's pressing on the collapsed
lung. Then the doctor removes the needle, attaches a syringe to the catheter and
pulls out the excess air. The catheter may be left in for a few hours to ensure the
lung is re-expanded and the pneumothorax does not recur.
Chest tube insertion:-A flexible chest tube is inserted into the air-filled space
and may be attached to a one-way valve device that continuously removes air
from the chest cavity until your lung is re-expanded and healed.
Nonsurgical repair
If a chest tube doesn't re-expand your lung, nonsurgical options to close the air leak may include:
Using a substance to irritate the tissues around the lung so that they'll stick together and seal any
leaks. This can be done through the chest tube, but it may be done during surgery.
Drawing blood from your arm and placing it into the chest tube. The blood creates a fibrinous
patch on the lung (autologous blood patch), sealing the air leak.
Passing a thin tube (bronchoscope) down your throat and into your lungs to look at your lungs and
air passages and placing a one-way valve. The valve allows the lung to re-expand and the air leak
to heal.

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YOU SO
MUCH !