Thank you for selecting our 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐚 PPT This medical PowerPoint template about 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐚 You can download our template by visiting our website: https://www.rxslides.com/product/influenza-powerpoint-template copy and paste this URL into the browser and download the full editable template. This 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐚 animated template is designed by RxSlides, a medical professional team covering the following topics about 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐚 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Influenza viruses cause the flu, a contagious respiratory tract infection. • Segmented, negative-strand RNA genome • Eight segments encoding 11 proteins • Enveloped virus with two major surface glycoproteins: Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N) 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬: • Influenza A: Can cause pandemics. • Influenza B: Responsible for seasonal flu (September-April). • Influenza C: Mild illness, not linked to epidemics. 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧: • Droplets and aerosols from the respiratory tract. • Contact with contaminated surfaces. 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 1. Virus enters respiratory tract. 2. Spreads through cells, causing inflammation. 3. Potential complications: pneumonia, bacterial infections. 4. Virulence factor: Hemagglutinin binding to sialic acid on cells. 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬 • Headache • Runny nose • Chills • Fever • Other possible symptoms: cough, sore throat, fatigue, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐬 • Increase immunity: vitamins, sleep, exercise, hydration. • Reduce alcohol intake. • Wash hands regularly. • Avoid close contact with infected individuals. • See a doctor if experiencing symptoms. Characteristics: • Rapid evolution and significant variability. • Frequent mutations require vaccine updates twice a year. • Mutations lead to subtype drift and antigenic shift. 𝐕𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬: • Classified by valency: number of viruses subtypes they contain. • Trivalent: 2 influenza A subtypes and 1 influenza B subtype. • Quadrivalent: 2 influenza A subtypes and 2 influenza B subtypes. • Inactivated: killed virus, weaker immunity, subcutaneous injection. • Live attenuated: weakened virus, stronger immunity, single dose, requires cool storage. 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐭 • Gradual accumulation of mutations in the influenza virus over time. • Leads to slight changes in the virus's surface proteins (H and N). • Can result in decreased vaccine effectiveness, requiring updated vaccines each year. 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐟𝐭 • Major change in the influenza virus due to the introduction of new H or N subtypes. • Can occur when human influenza viruses mix with animal influenza viruses. • Can lead to pandemics, causing widespread illness and death. Visit our site for more animated templates 𝗵𝘁𝘁𝗽𝘀://𝘄𝘄𝘄.𝗿𝘅𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗱𝗲𝘀.𝗰𝗼𝗺 RxSlides PowerPoint icons and illustrations related to 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐚 will help you customize the content of this editable presentation according to your content and audience interest.

1. Influenza
PowerPoint Template

2. Influenza
Influenza is a highly
contagious
respiratory illness
caused by influenza
viruses. It affects
millions of people
worldwide each year,
leading to significant
illness,
hospitalization, and
even death. Medical
professionals play a
crucial role in
understanding
influenza, its
characteristics,
types, and risk
factors. This
presentation will
provide an overview
of this important
topic

3. Influenza Characteristics
• Segmented,
negative-strand
RNA genome
• Eight segments
encoding 11
proteins
• Enveloped virus
with two major
surface
glycoproteins:
Hemagglutinin (H)
and
Neuraminidase
(N)
• Highly mutable:
undergoes
antigenic drift and
shift

4. Influenza The flu
• Highly contagious
respiratory illness
• Symptoms: sudden
onset of fever, chills,
cough, sore throat,
headache, muscle
aches, fatigue, and
runny nose
• Transmission:
through respiratory
droplets produced
by coughing or
sneezing
• Duration: typically,
5-7 days
• Complications:
pneumonia, ear
infections, sinus
infections,
bronchitis, and
hospitalization

5. Influenza Types A , B , C

6. Influenza Types A
• Subtypes: H1N1 and
H3N2
• Responsible for
most seasonal
influenza outbreaks
• Capable of causing
both mild and
severe illness
• Can infect humans
and animals
• Can undergo
antigenic shift,
leading to
pandemics

7. Influenza Types
• Uncommon type
of influenza
virus
• Causes mild
illness similar to
the common
cold
• Does not
undergo
antigenic shift
• Does not cause
seasonal
outbreaks
• Can infect
humans only

8. Influenza Types
• Less common
than influenza A
• Responsible for
seasonal
outbreaks and
sporadic cases
• Usually causes
milder illness
• Does not
undergo
antigenic shift
• Can infect
humans only

9. Influenza Physiology

10. Normal respiration physiology
• Inspiration: diaphragm
contracts, lowering
pressure in lungs, air
flows in
• Expiration: diaphragm
relaxes, pressure in
lungs increases, air
flows out
• Exchange of gases:
oxygen diffuses into
blood, carbon dioxide
diffuses out
• Regulation by
respiratory centers in
brain stem

11. Influenza Risk factors

12. Influenza Risk factors
• Age: infants,
young children,
older adults
• Underlying
medical
conditions: chronic
respiratory
disease, heart
disease, diabetes,
immunosuppressi
on
• Pregnancy
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Lack of
vaccination

13. Influenza Pathogenesis - contact
• Respiratory
transmission:
Influenza virus
spreads through
respiratory droplets
expelled by infected
individuals when
coughing, sneezing,
or talking.
• Binding to sialic acid
receptors: The virus
attaches to sialic acid
receptors on the
surface of respiratory
epithelial cells.
• Viral entry: The virus
enters the cell
through endocytosis.

14. Influenza Pathogenesis- spread
• Viral replication:
Once inside the cell,
the virus utilizes the
host cell's machinery
to replicate and
produce new viral
particles.
• Cell lysis and spread:
The infected cell
lyses, releasing new
viral particles that can
infect neighboring
cells.
• Immune response:
The host's immune
system mounts an
inflammatory
response to combat
the virus, further
contributing to tissue
damage.

15. Influenza Pathogenesis - inflammation
• Cytokine
release: Infected cells
release inflammatory
cytokines, such as IL-6
and TNF-α, that attract
immune cells to the
site of infection.
• Immune
cell infiltration:
Neutrophils,
macrophages, and
lymphocytes infiltrate
the infected tissue,
contributing to
inflammation and
tissue damage.
• Alveolar
damage: In severe
cases, the virus can
damage the alveoli,
leading to respiratory
failure.

16. Influenza Pathogenesis

17. Influenza virulence factor
• Hemagglutinin (H)
protein: The
hemagglutinin (H)
protein plays a
critical role in viral
attachment and
entry into host cells.
• Neuraminidase (N)
protein: The
neuraminidase (N)
protein facilitates
the release of
newly formed viral
particles from
infected cells.
• Mutations in H and
N proteins:
Mutations in the H
and N proteins can
lead to antigenic
drift and shift,
allowing the virus to
evade the immune
system and cause
new outbreaks.

18. Influenza Symptoms
• Sudden onset of
fever
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy
nose
• Headache
• Muscle aches and
fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and
vomiting

19. Influenza Prevention
•
Vaccinati
on: Vaccination is the
most effective way to
prevent influenza.
• Annual
vaccination: Annual
vaccination is
recommended for all
individuals 6 months of
age and older.

20. Influenza Prevention
• Increase
immunity:
vitamins,
sleep,
exercise,
hydration.
• Reduce
alcohol intake.
• Wash hands
regularly.
• Avoid close
contact with
infected
individuals.
• See a doctor
if
experiencing
symptoms.

21. Influenza Vaccine
Influenza
vaccination is the
most effective way
to prevent influenza
illness,
hospitalization, and
complications.

22. Influenza Vaccine

23. Antigenic draft
• Gradual
accumulation of
mutations in the
influenza virus
over time.
• Leads to slight
changes in the
virus's surface
proteins (H and
N).
• Can result in
decreased
vaccine
effectiveness,
requiring
updated
vaccines each
year.

24. Antigenic shift
• Major change in
the influenza virus
due to the
introduction of
new H or N
subtypes.
• Can occur when
human influenza
viruses mix with
animal influenza
viruses.
• Can lead to
pandemics,
causing
widespread illness
and death.

25. Influenza Vaccine valency
• Trivalent vaccine
(TIV): Protects
against three
influenza strains –
two A strains and
one B strain.
• Quadrivalent
vaccine (QIV):
Protects against
four influenza
strains – two A
strains and two B
strains.

26. Vaccine – inactivated form
• Made from
killed influenza
viruses.
• Cannot cause
influenza.
• Safer for
people with
weakened
immune
systems.
• Can cause mild
side effects like
soreness,
redness, and
swelling at the
injection site.

27. Attenuated live Vaccine
• Made from
weakened influenza
viruses.
• Can cause mild flu-
like symptoms in a
small percentage of
recipients.
• Not recommended
for people with
weakened immune
systems.
• Offers a broader
immune response
than inactivated
vaccines.

28. Live attenuated Vs. inactivated form
• Inactivated vaccine
(IIV): Made from
killed influenza
viruses, cannot
cause influenza.
• Live attenuated
influenza vaccine
(LAIV): Made from
weakened influenza
viruses, can cause
mild flu-like
symptoms in a
small percentage of
recipients.

29. Influenza Vaccine