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Coberturas Verdes
Benefícios e Oportunidades de
   Intervenção na Cidade
         Helena Farrall
URBAN AREAS – Cities & Population Dynamics




                Location of the 100 bigest cities in 2005
                3.1 Million inhabitants - 35.2 Million inhabitants
                    20 Megacities ( > 10 Million inhabitants )
                                                                                       Source: Duh et al., 2008




             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade               Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE




            Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                  Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE


  Soil sealing
  Before Urban Development




             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE


  Soil sealing
  After Urban Development




             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE


  Soil sealing




         UMZ - Urban Morphological Zones                                                           Source: EEA, 2010



                    Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                  Helena Farrall
                               Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE


  Soil sealing in Lisbon




         UMZ - Urban Morphological Zones
                                                                                   Source: Farrall & Joaquim, 2011 (on data from EEA, 2010)



                    Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                                   Helena Farrall
                               Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE

  IMPACTS OF UNMANAGED STORMWATER

       • Inundations in urban areas
                      property damages
       • Changes in watershed hydrology
       • Changes in infiltration to ground water
       • Changes in stream hydrology
                             morphology
       • Changes in riparian zone habitat
       • Changes in water quality
       • Changes in aquatic habitat / ecosystem



            Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                  Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE




        UMZ - Urban Morphological Zones




                   Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade         Helena Farrall
                              Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE - WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE

Natural catastrophes – a portrait of the last 50 years




                                                                                         Source: MunichRe, 2002




               Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade             Helena Farrall
                     Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE URBAN WATER CYCLE - WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE

Natural catastrophes – resulting economical losses




                                                                                         Source: MunichRe, 2002




               Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade             Helena Farrall
                     Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT - WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE




          Stored heat flux (QG) of Lisbon (From: LOPES, 2003)


             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT - WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE




Available energy (QG/Q*), surface temperature (Ts) and albedo – Liisbon W/E (From: LOPES, 2003)


                        Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                              Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE - COMPLEX SYSTEMS



  System with a high number of elements, dynamically and mutually
  interacting.

  CHARACTERISTICS
     • Open systems
     • Boundaries difficult to establish
     • Have memory
     • Integrates different scales (time, space) in a nested way
     • Non linear relationships
                integrating + and/or - “feedback loops”
     • Integrates dynamic relational networks
                 multiplicity of hubs and connections
     • produce emergent phenomena

                                                                                         Source: Rouse, 2007




               Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                          Helena Farrall
                     Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE - COMPLEX SYSTEMS

The City - Elements e Processes




                                                                                         Fonte: Rouse., 2007




               Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                          Helena Farrall
                     Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE - COMPLEX SYSTEMS

The Tipping Point Effect




                                                                                         Fonte: Scheffer, 2010




               Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                            Helena Farrall
                     Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE - COMPLEX SYSTEMS

Chain of Events




                                                                                        Fonte: Dyer 2001 in Real, 2009




              Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                         Helena Farrall
                    Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE



    2 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES

    • Rate and speed of return to pre-existing conditions after
    perturbation.

    • Magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before the
    system changes its structure by changing the variables and
    processes that control the system’s behavior.




              Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                    Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENT SYSTEM




   A SYSTEM that has

   • the capacity to absorb the consequences of a disrupting
     event
   • The capacity to reorganize during the transition period

   so as to keep its functions, structure and feedback relations,
   i.e. its identity




                                                                                        Source: Folke et al., 2002




              Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade               Helena Farrall
                    Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE


8 ASPECTS OF A RESILIENT SYSTEM (1-4)

REDUNDANT
with a number of functionally similar components so that the entire system
does not fail when one component fails;
DIVERSIFIED
with a number of functionally different components in order to protect the
system against various threats;
EFICIENT
with a positive ratio of energy supplied to energy delivered by a dynamic
system;
AUTONOMOUS
with the capability to operate independently of outside control.;

                                                                                           Fonte: Godschalk., 2003




                 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade              Helena Farrall
                       Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE


8 ASPECTS OF A RESILIENT SYSTEM (5-8)


RESISTANT
with the power to resist attack or other outside force.
INTERDEPENDENT
with system components connected so that they support each other;
ADAPTABLE
with the capacity to learn from experience and the flexibility to change;
COLLABORATIVE
with multiple opportunities and incentives for broad stakeholder
participation.


                                                                                           Source: Godschalk., 2003




                 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade              Helena Farrall
                       Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE




    Qualities of people, communities, agencies and
    infrastructure that reduce vulnerability through the capacity
    to
    [1] prevent, mitigate losses and then, if damage occurs,
    [2] to mantain normal living conditions and to
    [3] manage recovery from the impact.




                                                                                 Source:Buckle, Marsh and Smale (2000)




              Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                        Helena Farrall
                    Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
RESILIENCE : RECOVERING AFTER A (MAJOR) EVENT


    REGENERATION OF A CITY

    4 Processes

    1.   Emergency Response
    2.   Restoration
    3.   Reconstruction
    4.   Development / Growth




                                                                                       Source: Haasetal, 1977




             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade              Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
RESILIENCE : RECOVERING AFTER A MAJOR EVENT                                 (S.Francisco, 1906)




                                                                                             Fonte: Vale & Campanela, 2005




             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                    Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
RESILIENCE : RECOVERING AFTER A MAJOR EVENT


    LOGARITMIC SCALE

    1.   Emergency response(TRE)
    2.   Restoration (TRES)
    3.   Reconstruction (TREC)
    4.   Development (TDES)
                                                                  Time Period
                                                                  1. TRE
                                                                  2. 10 x TRE
                                                                  3. 10 x TRES
                                                                  4. TDES

                                                                                        Source: Vale & Campanela, 2005




              Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                  Helena Farrall
                    Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
EVOLUTION OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT (in 3 slides)

1. Drainage

      • Problem - too much water
      • Solution - flood control through managing /
        treating storm water in large end-of-pipe
        facilities located often at the bottom of drainage
        areas




              Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                    Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
EVOLUTION OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT (in 3 lides)

2. Natural Water Cycle Emulation

      • Problem - too much, too poor water quality
      • Solution - manage rainfall by using design
                   techniques that infiltrate, filter, store,
                evaporate, and detain runoff close to its source




             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
EVOLUTION OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT (in 3 slides)

2. Natural Water Cycle Emulation


   Replicates virtually all components of the natural water cycle by:

   •   Minimizing total runoff volume
                                                                                         RESILIENT SYSTEM
   •   Controlling peak rate of runoff
                                                                                         1.   Redundant
   •   Maximizing infiltration and groundwater recharge
                                                                                         2.   Diverse
   •   Maintaining stream baseflow,                                                      3.   Efficient
   •   Maximizing evapotranspiration, and                                                4.   Autonomous
   •   Protecting water quality                                                          5.   Resistant
                                                                                         6.   Interdependent
                                                                                         7.   Adaptive
                                                                                         8.   Collaborative


               Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                     Helena Farrall
                     Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
NATURAL WATER CYCLE EMULATION

DECENTRALISED STORMWATER MANAGEMENT


      1.   Green Roofs

      2.   Impervious Runoff Dispersion
                                                                                       RESILIENT SYSTEM
      3.   Rain Gardens / Bioretention                                                 1.   Redundant
                                                                                       2.   Diverse
      4.   Permeable Pavements
                                                                                       3.   Efficient
                                                                                       4.   Autonomous
                                                                                       5.   Resistant
                                                                                       6.   Interdependent
                                                                                       7.   Adaptive
                                                                                       8.   Collaborative


             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade                     Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
GREEN ROOFS – MAIN ADVANTAGES (in a nutshell)


    1.   Increased thermal insulation
    2.   Increased roof lifespan
    3.   Storm water attenuation
    4.   Evaporative cooling
    5.   Reduced heat island effect
    6.   Support for biodiversity
    7.   Synergies with PV, solar heat
    8.   Amenity areas / use of space
    9.   Noise / air pollution reduction


             Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade    Helena Farrall
                   Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
Coberturas Verdes
Benefícios e Oportunidades de
   Intervenção na Cidade

          OBRIGADA

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Helena Farrall - Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia / UNL

  • 1. Coberturas Verdes Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall
  • 2. URBAN AREAS – Cities & Population Dynamics Location of the 100 bigest cities in 2005 3.1 Million inhabitants - 35.2 Million inhabitants 20 Megacities ( > 10 Million inhabitants ) Source: Duh et al., 2008 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 3. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 4. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE Soil sealing Before Urban Development Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 5. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE Soil sealing After Urban Development Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 6. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE Soil sealing UMZ - Urban Morphological Zones Source: EEA, 2010 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 7. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE Soil sealing in Lisbon UMZ - Urban Morphological Zones Source: Farrall & Joaquim, 2011 (on data from EEA, 2010) Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 8. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE IMPACTS OF UNMANAGED STORMWATER • Inundations in urban areas property damages • Changes in watershed hydrology • Changes in infiltration to ground water • Changes in stream hydrology morphology • Changes in riparian zone habitat • Changes in water quality • Changes in aquatic habitat / ecosystem Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 9. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE UMZ - Urban Morphological Zones Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 10. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE - WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE Natural catastrophes – a portrait of the last 50 years Source: MunichRe, 2002 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 11. THE URBAN WATER CYCLE - WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE Natural catastrophes – resulting economical losses Source: MunichRe, 2002 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 12. THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT - WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE Stored heat flux (QG) of Lisbon (From: LOPES, 2003) Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 13. THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT - WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE Available energy (QG/Q*), surface temperature (Ts) and albedo – Liisbon W/E (From: LOPES, 2003) Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 14. WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE - COMPLEX SYSTEMS System with a high number of elements, dynamically and mutually interacting. CHARACTERISTICS • Open systems • Boundaries difficult to establish • Have memory • Integrates different scales (time, space) in a nested way • Non linear relationships integrating + and/or - “feedback loops” • Integrates dynamic relational networks multiplicity of hubs and connections • produce emergent phenomena Source: Rouse, 2007 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 15. WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE - COMPLEX SYSTEMS The City - Elements e Processes Fonte: Rouse., 2007 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 16. WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE - COMPLEX SYSTEMS The Tipping Point Effect Fonte: Scheffer, 2010 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 17. WHY TALK ABOUT RESILIENCE - COMPLEX SYSTEMS Chain of Events Fonte: Dyer 2001 in Real, 2009 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 18. THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE 2 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES • Rate and speed of return to pre-existing conditions after perturbation. • Magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before the system changes its structure by changing the variables and processes that control the system’s behavior. Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 19. THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENT SYSTEM A SYSTEM that has • the capacity to absorb the consequences of a disrupting event • The capacity to reorganize during the transition period so as to keep its functions, structure and feedback relations, i.e. its identity Source: Folke et al., 2002 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 20. THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE 8 ASPECTS OF A RESILIENT SYSTEM (1-4) REDUNDANT with a number of functionally similar components so that the entire system does not fail when one component fails; DIVERSIFIED with a number of functionally different components in order to protect the system against various threats; EFICIENT with a positive ratio of energy supplied to energy delivered by a dynamic system; AUTONOMOUS with the capability to operate independently of outside control.; Fonte: Godschalk., 2003 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 21. THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE 8 ASPECTS OF A RESILIENT SYSTEM (5-8) RESISTANT with the power to resist attack or other outside force. INTERDEPENDENT with system components connected so that they support each other; ADAPTABLE with the capacity to learn from experience and the flexibility to change; COLLABORATIVE with multiple opportunities and incentives for broad stakeholder participation. Source: Godschalk., 2003 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 22. THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE Qualities of people, communities, agencies and infrastructure that reduce vulnerability through the capacity to [1] prevent, mitigate losses and then, if damage occurs, [2] to mantain normal living conditions and to [3] manage recovery from the impact. Source:Buckle, Marsh and Smale (2000) Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 23. RESILIENCE : RECOVERING AFTER A (MAJOR) EVENT REGENERATION OF A CITY 4 Processes 1. Emergency Response 2. Restoration 3. Reconstruction 4. Development / Growth Source: Haasetal, 1977 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 24. RESILIENCE : RECOVERING AFTER A MAJOR EVENT (S.Francisco, 1906) Fonte: Vale & Campanela, 2005 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 25. RESILIENCE : RECOVERING AFTER A MAJOR EVENT LOGARITMIC SCALE 1. Emergency response(TRE) 2. Restoration (TRES) 3. Reconstruction (TREC) 4. Development (TDES) Time Period 1. TRE 2. 10 x TRE 3. 10 x TRES 4. TDES Source: Vale & Campanela, 2005 Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 26. EVOLUTION OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT (in 3 slides) 1. Drainage • Problem - too much water • Solution - flood control through managing / treating storm water in large end-of-pipe facilities located often at the bottom of drainage areas Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 27. EVOLUTION OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT (in 3 lides) 2. Natural Water Cycle Emulation • Problem - too much, too poor water quality • Solution - manage rainfall by using design techniques that infiltrate, filter, store, evaporate, and detain runoff close to its source Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 28. EVOLUTION OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT (in 3 slides) 2. Natural Water Cycle Emulation Replicates virtually all components of the natural water cycle by: • Minimizing total runoff volume RESILIENT SYSTEM • Controlling peak rate of runoff 1. Redundant • Maximizing infiltration and groundwater recharge 2. Diverse • Maintaining stream baseflow, 3. Efficient • Maximizing evapotranspiration, and 4. Autonomous • Protecting water quality 5. Resistant 6. Interdependent 7. Adaptive 8. Collaborative Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 29. NATURAL WATER CYCLE EMULATION DECENTRALISED STORMWATER MANAGEMENT 1. Green Roofs 2. Impervious Runoff Dispersion RESILIENT SYSTEM 3. Rain Gardens / Bioretention 1. Redundant 2. Diverse 4. Permeable Pavements 3. Efficient 4. Autonomous 5. Resistant 6. Interdependent 7. Adaptive 8. Collaborative Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 30. GREEN ROOFS – MAIN ADVANTAGES (in a nutshell) 1. Increased thermal insulation 2. Increased roof lifespan 3. Storm water attenuation 4. Evaporative cooling 5. Reduced heat island effect 6. Support for biodiversity 7. Synergies with PV, solar heat 8. Amenity areas / use of space 9. Noise / air pollution reduction Coberturas Verdes: Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade Helena Farrall Workshop COBERTURAS MEDITERRÂNICAS VERDES E PRODUTIVAS, 24Feb2011
  • 31. Coberturas Verdes Benefícios e Oportunidades de Intervenção na Cidade OBRIGADA