Interferometria

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Monitoring solutions with the
MetaSensing FastGBSAR

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* Global Network of distributors: Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, South-Africa, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Korea, South America, Taiwan, Turkey, USA
MetaSensing Group

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Develops and manufactures:
-affordable
-advanced
-innovative
-COTS & Custom-made
Client
Government
Academia
R&D
Industry
Design
(User/Application)
Requirements
definition
Manufacturing
Assembly
Integration
Testing
Installation Operation
Data Processing
& Visualization
MetaSensing
Radar SystemsRadar Systems

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Clients/Partners

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Distributors
SOUTH AMERICA:
InDelta Spa
IRAN:
Larzeh Sakht Savalan Consulting Engineers
Co.
AUSTRALIA:
Geosystems – ESS Earth Sciences
CHINA
Five Star Electronic Technology Co. Ltd
PAKISTAN: FEB Pakistan
ITALY:
Codevintec Italiana Srl
INDIA: AIMIL Ltd

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MetaSensing Portfolio
Frequency Resolution Main Application
[GHz] [m]
P - 0.400 0.75 x 0.25 Vegetation penetration, DEM, concealed target
detection, sea ice, sand penetration
L - 1.3 0.75 x 0.20 Vegetation mapping, agriculture, soil moisture,
DEM, land cover classification, glaciers, InSAR
C - 5.3 0.75 x 0.20 Sea Ice, mapping, snow and ice properties, forest,
transponder, DInSAR
X - 9.6 0.25 x 0.20 Weather Radar, sea wave radar, Imaging, MTI,
mapping, DSM, surveillance, reconnaissance,
weather, coherent change detection
Ku - 13.5 & 17.2 0.5 x 0.20 Mapping, imaging, snow and ice properties,
deformation monitoring, DSM
Ka - 34.5 & 35.75 0.30 x 0.10 Altimeter, mapping, imaging, cryosphere, water
height
• Airborne and ground-based radar
• FMCW & Pulse technology
• Low transmit power (< 10 Watts)
• Compact and light-weight
• Easy deployable
• Control & Processing software
• End-to-End system (HW & SW)
• At least 2 transmitters and 2 receivers
• Multiple frequencies in one system

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Systems vs Platforms FastGBSAR
Weather Radar QX-60
SeaWave radar
Avalanche radar
Car-borne Surveillance Radar
Coastal Surveillance Radar Network
MiniSAR
MetaSAR (P, L, C, S, X, Ku, Ka)
QX-AVIO
Ka-Altimeter

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R&D towards UAV-SAR
Mid size UAV with instrument payload > 20 kg
VLOS and BVLOS
Prolonged endurance
Stable flight pattern
Autopilot
Compact SAR systems for any application
Short-Medium-Long range
Light-weight InSAR system
High-frequency SAR for mm accuracy deformation

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MetaSensing with NASA
How much water is stored in
Earth’s terrestrial snow-covered
regions?
Unique combination of sensors:
•LiDAR
•Radar
•passive microwave
•imaging spectrometer
•infrared sensors
•Ground-based instruments, snow
field measurements and modeling
http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/hsb/index.php?
section=327
MetaSensing is participating with its
SnowSAR sensor since February 2017

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MetaSensing with NASA

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The FastGBSAR
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FastGBSAR overview
The FastGBSAR is an interferometric radar system operating in the Ku-band. When it is mounted on a
linear rail the radar operates in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode and it delivers two dimensional
displacement maps of the monitored surface.
Description Symbol Value
Central frequency fc 17.2 GHz (Ku-band)
Wavelength λc 17.43 mm
Maximum bandwidth Bmax 300 MHz*
Maximum range Rmax 4000 m
Maximum rail velocity vmax 0.5 m/s
Resolution in range (1)
δr 0.5 m
Resolution in azimuth (2) δa 4.8 mrad
Rail effective length(3)
L 1.8 m
(1) Range resolution depends on the frequency bandwidth allowed by local authorities, which is
generally limited to 200 MHz, leading to a range resolution of 0.75 m.
(2) In SAR Mode, azimuth resolution depends on rail effective length.
(3) Rail effective length is the length over which the sensor moves with constant velocity. Effective
length is slightly dependent on sensor velocity. Listed value corresponds to maximum velocity of
0.5 m/s. Effective rail length at minimum velocity of 0.1 m/s is 1900 mm.

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FastGBSAR overview
Operational frequency band:
• Standard
• Polarimetric
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode:
radar unit on rail
• Real Aperture Radar (RAR) mode:
radar unit on tripod
Operational modes:
• Ku-band
• Center frequency 17.2 GHz
• Wavelength 17.43 mm
Hardware versions:

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Applications: SAR mode
• Deformation monitoring
• Risk assessment and early warning
• Projection on Digital Elevation Model
Infrastructures
Land slopes
Open pi t mi nesOpen pi t mi nes

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Applications: RAR mode
• Vibration monitoring
• Estimation of modal parameters
• Static load tests
Tower sTower s
Br i dgesBr i dges

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FastGBSAR RAR operational mode
RAR
x
y
Range
resolution
RAR
Resolution
- range:
- azimuth:
0.5 m
-
Measurement
frequency/interval:
4000 Hz
Maximum range: 4 km
Accuracy: 0.01 mm

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tower
RAR measurement principle
• The FastGBSAR in RAR mode measures range profiles of the backscattered power.
RARHighly reflecting points which
show a low variation in the
reflection are selected for the
analysis
RANGE PROFILE
• The software evaluates the phase difference at different times for the range
profiles so it detects variations in the target distance

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ViMon Software for RAR mode
• MetaSensing’s ViMon is the current software for processing RAR data. It allows for:
vibration analysis in the time domain and in the frequency domain, modal analysis

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FastGBSAR SAR operational mode
SAR
x
yAzimuth resolution
Range
resolution
RAR SAR
Resolution
- range:
- azimuth:
0.5 m
-
0.5 m
4.8 mrad
Measurement
frequency/interval
:
4000 Hz 10 sec
Maximum range: 4 km 4 km
Accuracy: 0.01 mm 0.1 mm

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The SAR technique
θ
LS
FastGBSAR moving
on the rail
• While the FastGBSAR moves on the linear rail it continuously transmits and receives signals and it
acquires the raw data
• The time during which it acquires the raw data is called the coherency time.
The SAR technique coherently combines the
collected data during the coherency time.
The result is a 2 dimensional image (the focused
image), whose resolution is half the one which
would be achieved by a radar whose antennas
are as wide as the rail.

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Coherency time
A SAR-based system assumes the scenario and the atmospheric conditions do not
change during the coherency time.
FastGBSAR’s coherency time is only 4 seconds
The assumption is much easily verified with respect to systems
with longer acquisition times
10 seconds measurement repeat time:
4 seconds:
acquiring data
6 seconds: going
back to the
original position

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Data transfer and processing

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The FastGBSAR Ranger software
• The FastGBSAR Ranger software is the new software for processing and visualization
of the SAR mode FastGBSAR data for critical structure monitoring.
• Straightforward processing of the FastGBSAR radar
data
• Processing results available in a few seconds
• Data download and storage handling
• Simultaneous visualization of displacement maps,
quality parameters and time series
• Real time processing and back analysis
• Time of failure estimation
• Planar and 3D view
• Alert system for situational awareness

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Quality parameters: 3D
coher ence
St abi l i t y I ndex
Mean Ampl i t ude

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Alarms
Active areas are blinking areas
in different colors
Color and priority can be set
• The user can select alarm raising rules on different areas and can associate different colours and priorities to
each rule.
• Active pixels are displayed in the alarm and 3D tabs. Active areas are displayed in the analysis tab too.

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Case studies: SAR mode

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Monitoring of a landslide
Santa Sofia (FC), Italy
Rocks fall event detections
FastGBSAR
Displacement map
Amplitude dispersionMean amplitude
Amplitude dispersion

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Rock fall 16:37 UTC

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Coherence map
Before rock fall
Projection on the
DTM
After rock fall

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Monitoring of a glacier
Features: Basin, stepped and serac
Sector: Graian Alps (Mont Blanc)
Maximum altitude: 3690 m
Minimum altitude: 2500 m
Exposure: S
Maximum length: 2200 m
Maximum width: 870 m
Maximum extension: 1087 Km2
Maximum deep: 40/50 m
N

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Monitoring of a glacier
y
(m)
Mean Amplitude

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Monitoring of a dam in China
Three Gorges test dam, Hubai province, China: a smaller scale replica of the homonym dam, the biggest in the world.
Monitoring of the dam during a water discharge test performed in four different stages with an increasing quantity of discharged water
open
cl os
ed

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Monitoring of a dam in China
3
1
2
54
Opening stage 1 - 06:06:53Opening stage 1 - 06:06:53
Closing stage 5 - 06:26:23Closing stage 5 - 06:26:23

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Monitoring an open pit mine, 2015
• Bilina coal open pit mine, Czech republic
• 2 weeks measurement campaign in May 2015

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FastGBSAR
Excavation area A
Excavation area B
Maximum distance: 1500 m
Range resolution: 0.5 m
Azimuth resolution: 5.4 mrad
Repeat interval: 10 - 40 sec
Excavation area A Excavation area B

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Displacement projected on 3D DEM
Time span 3 days

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Excavation area A

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Chile, Sierra Gorda mine, January 2017
The radar has been installed on the portable InDelta trailer
together with the hybrid and portable InDelta power supply
equipped with solar panels, wind turbine and diesel generator

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Chile, Sierra Gorda mine, January 2017
Real time monitoring with the FastGBSAR is
currently active at Sierra Gorda mine, El
Teniente mine and Los Bronces mine

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Sierra Gorda mine, Blast monitoring
blast, h 18:10
Loss of
coherency
due to the
blast

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Case studies: RAR mode

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Monitoring of a highway bridge
Structural health monitoring
highway
railway
highway railway
Backscattered power intensity
Loads (vehicles)
Vertical displacement time
series measured while
vehicles were passing

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Monitoring of a highway bridge
2.7 Hz
2.9 Hz
11.4 Hz 18.6 Hz
19.9 Hz
table from Miao et al. 2015

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Monitoring of a railway bridge
Vertical displacement time series
measured while a train was passing:
The time series shows the deflection due to
the load of the coaches. The first coach is
heavier as it carries the motor, indeed it
gives a higher displacement with respect to
the other coaches which carry the passenger Load of the
coaches
Load of the
train head

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Monitoring of a long cable stayed
bridge
400 m
60 m
Analysis of the modal shapes

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Monitoring of a long cable stayed
bridge
0.026 Hz
0.26 Hz
0.31 Hz
0.026 Hz
0.31
Hz
0.45 Hz
0.45 Hz
0.64 Hz
0.26 Hz
0.64 Hz
Modal shapes

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Load tests on a railway bridge

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Load tests
Vertical displacement time series
measured while different vehicles
were passing:
Loads
Martinus bridge, (NL)

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Polarimetric FastGBSAR
Features
• Four antennas (2 x vertical polarization, 2 x horizontal polarization)
• Pulse to pulse switching in transmission and simultaneous reception
• Four measurements:
• VV = Vertical transmitted / Vertical received
• HV = Horizontal transmitted / Vertical received
• VH = Vertical transmitted / Horizontal received
• HH = Horizontal transmitted / Horizontal received
Potentials:
• Distinguish different scattering mechanisms (e.g. single bounce / double bounce
/ volume scattering)
• Distinguish different behaviours of scatterers in the same resolution cell
• Less disturbance by other objects due to more redundancy
Rx H
Rx V
Tx H
Tx V

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Monitoring a Telecom tower with the
polarimetric FastGBSAR
Objectives
• Determine modal parameters
• Investigate microwave scattering
mechanisms by means of the four
polarimetric channels of the
FastGBSAR

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Monitoring a Telecom tower with the
polarimetric FastGBSAR
VV
HH
HV / VH
Power range profile and selected points
• The first output of the processing software for data analysis is the plot of the reflected power along the tower height for the
four channels.
• The black crosses mark the points that have been chosen by the user for the vibration analysis.
• Each point is identified by its position on the tower (height).
• For each point it is possible to perform the analysis of the vibration in the frequency and time domains.

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Vibration analysis, single points
Horizontal displacement of the point at height= 31.2m as
a function of time for the four polarimetric channels
Horizontal displacement of the point at height= 31.2 m as a
function of frequency for the four polarimetric channels.

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Vibration analysis, single points
unfiltered data – object passing
through the same resolution cell:
disturbance only in VV data
Height 34.6 m
Sometimes the use of polarimetric channels can help in reducing disturbs in the measurements, such as
passing objects. In this plot a moving object has interfered with the measurement but only in the VV cannel,
the HH cannel was not affected.

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Modal shape analysis
VV
HV
VH
HH
0.96 Hz 3.1 Hz 3.8 Hz
For each frequency the modal shape can be displayed, that is the amplitude of the displacement along the height of the tower

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MetaSensing BV
The Netherlands
MetaSensing Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
Singapore
WWW.METASENSING.COM
MetaSensing Italia S.r.l.

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