The MAIA is a multispectral camera for drones, aircraft, and vehicles that captures high-resolution images across the visible and near-infrared spectrum using 9 sensors. It includes an incident light sensor to measure ambient light conditions and allow for radiometric correction of images. The camera provides detailed images for applications like precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, geology, and more.

1. www.spectralcam.com
info@salengineering.it
Basically the proper instrument for your multispectral survey

2. MAIA: The most advanced Multispectral Imaging Camera for
RPAS, aircrafts and land vehicles available today
Integrated with ILS –
Incident Light Sensor
for radiometric correction of
every multispectral shot.
The proper instrument
for your multispectral survey
Photogrammetry-ready images in VIS/NIR bands with customizable sets:
MAIA WV has the same intervals of WorldView-2™ satellite,
and MAIA S2 has the same intervals of Sentinel-2™ satellite.

3. Factory lens geometric calibration
WorldView-2 or Sentinel2-like
satellite bands cover the full
VIS-NIR range
Plug-and-play for immediate use
Irradiance sensor with
matched bands for
reflectance measurements
with integrated GNSS
Configuration
and live image
view over WiFi
Bundled scientific-grade image
processing software
9x 1.2 Mpix sensor
Global shutter
12 bits
Rich set of interfaces
and full access to any
camera setting for
precise control
The proper instrument
for your multispectral survey

4. Precision farming
• Vegetative index mapping
• Water supply planning
• Optimization of pesticide use
• Fertilization tuning
• Yield estimation
• Health condition monitoring
• Early detection of diseases
Industry
• Remote chemical imaging
• Industrial plant inspection
• Material sorting
Environmental monitoring
• Spill of pollutant or hazardous
substances in water and soil
• Classification of hazardous waste
• Landfill monitoring
• Detection of unauthorized landfills
Geology and survey
• Classification of soil
• Chemical characterization of soil
• Detection of paleochannels
• Specie classification
• Biomass mapping
The proper instrument
for your multispectral survey.

5. Architecture and interfaces
Operator monitor
Radio controller
Operator
Aerial or ground platform
NMEA stings
WiFi
Ethernet
Radio Link
Gnss
receiver
Other
Synchro-
nized
devices
Video Out
Trigger in
Strobe Out
CPU Control signals
Keypad
MAIA
Array of 9
synchronous
sensors
Geo tagged images
Accelerometer
Gyroscope Gimbal
Control
USER interfaces
System interfaces
NMEA strings
Event

6. Plugs and connectors

7. User interfaces
Web interface
Via WiFi before take-off
On-screen display
Via keypad before take-off
Via Radio link during flight

8. Camera features
Key technical specification Features and benefits
1 RGB color + 8 bands in the VIS-NIR
range (400-950 nm) for the WV filter
set. 9 mono-chromatic sensors for the
S2 filter set (433-875 nm).
An extensive band set covering the full
spectrum including 2 unique bands for
pollution detection on water and soil +
water supply planning.
1.2Mpix CMOS sensor (1280 x 960)
Global shutter
Best-in-class sensitivity
8-10-12bits per pixel data depth
Simultaneous shot of all sensors up to
6fps at 8 bit (3fps at 10-12 bit)
Sharp and deeply detailed images with
no motion artifacts even with fast UAV
speed.
Geometric factory-calibration of each
band.
Data ready for precise data analysis and
photogrammetric processing.
3cm ground sampling distance (GSD)
45x34m2 field of view (FOV)
at 75m flight altitude above ground.
Extremely detailed images with large
area coverage for cost-effective data
collection.
Preliminary
continued…

9. Camera features
Key technical specification Features and benefits
Full automatic or manual exposure
mode, each sensor individually
tunable.
Total control of the exposure
parameters for high-quality images.
Trigger input and strobe output sync
signals.
Precise timing control of the image
shot and sync of external devices.
120/250/500 GB (Solid Disk) internal
storage capability, on demand.
128GB standard version
~ 3 hours of acquisition at 8bits, 1fps
(128GB free space)
Built-in WiFi and GigE interface with
web-based interface for configuration,
live image view and access to stored
data.
Wireless on-field access via
smartphone, tablet or PC for image
stream and configuration. Fast cable
data download at home.
Input for external GNSS serial port with
NMEA strings detection.
Accurate positioning of any image, for
example with RTK GNSS
Preliminary
continued…

10. Camera features
Key technical specification Features and benefits
Remote controller input with event
detection.
Easy control of key parameters during
flight.
Wide supply input (9-26VDC) and low
power consumption (~7,5W).
Compatible with all battery packages
and limited impact on battery life.
On-board 6-axis inertial unit with
accelerometer and gyroscope (IMU).
Effective image stabilization and
seamless integration into body.
Eulerian angles writings in log file for
each image.
Small size (99x128x46)mm3
Low weight (420g)
Fits fixed-wings and multi-rotor UAVs,
with limited impact on other payload.
Preliminary

11. Ground Sample Distance
DISTANCE
(m)
GSD
(mm/px)
FOV
(mxm)
Max Speed
exp. time at 1ms
(m/s) – (km/h)
Motion Blur < 0.90px
50 23 30 x 23 21 - 76
75 35 45 x 34 31 - 112
100 47 60 x 45 42 - 151
150 70 90 x 68 63 - 227
350 165 210 x 157 >63 - >227
RPAS
AIRCRAFT

12. RPAS

13. Aircrafts

14. Spectral bands MAIA WV
Band (nm) Approx. color
1 395-450 Coastal
2 455-520 Blue
3 525-575 Green
4 580-625 Orange
5 630-690 Red
6 705-745 Red Edge
7 750-820 NIR1
8 825-950 NIR2
9 (VIS) (RGB)
The 8 bands of MAIA WV span the full VIS/NIR spectrum, offering:
• All the bands offered by any competitors
• Additional extensive coverage of the Blue/Violet region
• NIR region split in two bands for more detailed information
• Possibility to calculate exclusive customized indexes.
Bands are the same of the WorldView-2™ satellite.
In addition, an RGB colour image is available live during capture.
1 2 3
4
7
5
8
6
9

15. Spectral bands WV
Coastal areas and marine environment.
Unaffected by atmospheric scattering.
Reflectance peak for healty vegetation.
Plant classification.
Plant and soil classification.
Detection of materials in soils.
Yellowing of foliage.
Absorbed by chlorophyll.
Detection of soil and geological features.
Strongly depending on chlorophyll content.
Classification of vegetation.
Health status.
Moisture content of biomass.
Weak influence from atmosphere.
Emphasizes biomass content and
shorelines.
Wavelength (nm)
Full VIS-NIR spectrum
coverage
Distinction of soil from vegetation.
Distinction of deciduous from coniferous.
Unaffected by atmospheric scattering.

16. Indices calculation
Band width on the central wavelength Indices coverage
Full width at
half maximum
±20 nm
±15 nm
±5 nm
NDVI3, NG, NR, NNIR, RVI, GRVI, DVI, GDVI,
SAVI, GSAVI, GOSAVI, MSAVI2, GMSAVI2
SR2, DI1, OSAVI, RDVI, MSR, MSAVI, MTVI,
MCARI2, CAI, NPQI, SR15, NDVI4
Greenness index (G), SR1, SR4, SR6, NDVI,
GNDVI, PSSRa, NDI1, PRI, SRPI, NPCI, PSNDa,
PSNDc, PSSRc, SR11, SR18, NDVI8
SR7, PSSRb, NDI2, SIPI, HNDVI, MTCI,
PSNDb, VIopt2, SR8, SR12, SR13, SR17, Viopt1,
RGR, NDVI6, NDVI7
Out of full
width half band
SR3, SR5, NDI3, MCARI, TCARI, TVI, CARI,
ZTM, mND705, mSR705, SR9, SR10, SR14,
SR16, DD, R-M, G-M, ND705, PSRI, NDIV1,
NDVI2, NDVI5, REIP
Considering the central wavelength of the eight bands of MAIA WV, with a tolerance of ±5 nm, 16% of
the most important indices can be properly computed; increasing the tolerance at ±15 nm or ±20 nm
the percentage raises respectively at 31% and 52% of the indices; considering the full width at half
maximum, 72% of the indices can be computed.

17. The 9 bands of MAIA S2 span the full VIS/NIR spectrum, offering:
• All the bands offered by any competitors
• Additional extensive coverage of the Blue/Violet region
• Red Edge region split in two bands for more detailed information
• Possibility to calculate exclusive customized indexes
Bands are the same of the European Spatial Agency’s Sentinel-2™
Satellite, part of the Copernicus Programme.
Spectral bands S2
Band (nm) Color
1 433-453 Violet
2 457-522.5 Blue
3 542.5-577.5 Green
4 650-680 Red
5 697.5-712.5 Red Edge 1
6 732.5-747.5 Red Edge 2
7 773-793 NIR 1
8 784.5-899.5 NIR 2
9 855-875 NIR 3
1 2 3
4
7
5
8
6
9

18. Spectral bands S2
Coastal areas and marine environment.
Unaffected by atmospheric scattering.
Reflectance peak for healty vegetation.
Plant classification.
Distinction between soil and vegetation.
Unaffected by atmospheric scattering.
Absorbed by chlorophyll.
Detection of soil and geological features.
Strongly depending on chlorophyll content.
Classification of vegetation.
Health status. Fluorescence measures.
Moisture content of biomass.
Weak influence from atmosphere.
Additional info on biomass.
Full VIS-NIR spectrum
coverage

19. ILS - Incident Light Sensor continuously registers
the incident and diffuse light
at the time of each single shot,
at the same multispectral
bandwidth intervals.
Radiance data for each single shot
in each single band
is related to GPS positioning data
and ambient conditions data
(temperature, humidity,
orientation, exposure, and sun position)
at the time of acquisition,
allowing correct correction of the multispectral data,
which is so comparable with satellite data or multitemporal surveys
carried out with the same arrangements.
Incident Light Sensor

20. ILS - Incident Light Sensor
Key features
• Irradiance levels of light measured with bands matched
with MAIA multispectral camera;
• GNSS receiver with onboard antenna, supporting the use of an
external active or passive antenna;
• 6-axis IMU and pressure, temperature, humidity sensors;
• data of each measured parameter written in the log file;
• single-cable connection to MAIA for power supply and control;
• 1s measurement rate, synchronized with image acquisition;
• micro SD card for additional log files storage (8 GB bundled);
• USB interface to access the SD from the host computer
without removing the SD.
Benefits
• determine the fertilization by identifying the symptoms of nutritional deficiencies;
• optimize the contribution of pesticides through the early identification of biotic stress;
• optimize irrigation of crops by identifying areas of potential water stress;
• calculate agronomic indices, and set a monitoring plan to preview the yield of crops;
• monitor dumps, water bodies, terrains, mines, soils and forests with a correct radiometric
information, to create an effective monitoring plan of interventions.

21. Multicam Stitcher Pro
Bundled processing software to correct
multispectral data and to create multilayer,
multichannel, indexes and RGB combinations.

22. Multicam Stitcher Pro
Key technical specification Features and benefits
Image un-distortion and co-registration
with factory-calibration data and
context-sensitive analysis.
Perfect overlapping of the multi-bands
images, with sub-pixel accuracy and
undistorted images
3-modes radiometric correction for the
bands: automatic, with reflectance
target, or with irradiance sensor data.
Radial and radiometric correction.
Accurate reflectance values for
quantitative analysis.
Index computation and false-color
image generation with standard
indexes of included library (NDVI,
GNDVI, SAVI, …) and indexes defined by
user at will.
Ready-to-use data for widespread
analysis and flexibility to explore new
application-specific indexes.
Preview of raw images and false-color
index images.
Immediate availability of relevant
information.

23. Multicam Stitcher
Key technical specification Features and benefits
Flow-driven user interface with full
parameter control and automatic
processing option.
Processing accessible to users without
background in photogrammetry and to
experts who needs scientific-grade
analysis.
Algorithms optimized for fast
processing of very large datasets.
Data from surveys of large areas quickly
available to user, even on-site!
Multi-layer and multi-band TIFF
standard export formats.
Seamless integration with third-party
remote sensing and photogrammetric
processing software (ENVI, ERDAS, PCI
Geomatics, Photoscan, Pix4D, …).
Geometrical calibration parameters of each lens are available
on request if user wants to process raw images autonomously.

24. Analysis flow 1/3
Multispectral aerial
survey of the area of
interest
Image undistortion
and co-registration
8+3 pixel-to-pixel matching layers
9 or 11 layers with several
geometrical “imperfections”
Images acquired by the camera
Factory-calibration geometric data
+
Parameters extracted from the images
!

25. Analysis flow 2/3
3D model
and geo-referenced
orthophoto
Radiometric
correction
Performed by MAIA software
Optional step, third-party software required
Digital numbers proportional
to light hitting the target
Reflectance values of the target

26. Analysis flow 3/3
Analysis* and actions
Computation of
relevant indexes
(library of indexes included,
possibility to define
custom indexes)
B: Increase water supply by 10%
C: Start fertilization
with XYZ
D: Check for potential
disease in progress
A: Healthy vegetation, no
actions required
Performed by MAIA software
* Application-specialist involved (agronomist , geologist….)
NDVI GNDVI SAVI

27. Research&Development
Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal
Last generation instrument for agriculture multispectral data collection
Marco Dubbinia, Francesco Marinellob,*, Andrea Pezzuolob, Michaela De Giglio c, Mario Gattellid, Daniele Covi e
a University of Bologna – Sec. Geography, Bologna, Italy
b Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
c Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
d SAL Engineering srl, Modena, Italy
e Eoptis srl, Trento, Italy
Download at www.spectralcam.com

28. Research&Development
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and
Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3/W3, 2017
Geometric calibration and radiometric correction of the MAIA
multispectral camera
E. Nocerino a, *, M. Dubbini b, F. Menna a, F. Remondino a, M. Gattelli c, D. Covi d
a 3D Optical Metrology (3DOM) unit, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Trento, Italy
(nocerino, fmenna, remondino)@fbk.eu, http://3dom.fbk.eu
b DiSCi, sec. Geography, University of Bologna, via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, Italy – marco.dubbini@unibo.it
c SAL Engineering srl, Russi, Italy – mgattelli@salengineering.it, http://www.salengineering.it
d Eoptis srl, Trento, Italy – daniele.covi@eoptis.com, https://www.eoptis.com
Download at www.spectralcam.com

29. Research&Development
L’Informatore Agrario n°39/2017
Which future for the employment of drones in agriculture?
Francesco Marinello, Luigi Sartori a b, Simone Gatto a
a Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
b NEOS Srl
L’Informatore Agrario © 2017 Copyright Edizioni L’Informatore Agrario S.r.l.
Download at www.spectralcam.com

30. Research&Development
L’Informatore Agrario n°00/2017
Sensors of monitoring, from theory to field
Francesco Marinello, Luigi Sartori a b , Marco Sozzi a, Alessia Cogato a c
a Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
b NEOS Srl
c Isiss G.B. Cerletti di Conegliano-Treviso
L’Informatore Agrario © 2017 Copyright Edizioni L’Informatore Agrario S.r.l.
Download at www.spectralcam.com

31. 31
Contacts
The proper instrument for your multispectral survey.
For additional information contact us at:
SAL ENGINEERING
Via Godo Vecchia 23/a
48026 Russi - Italy
+39 348 4687052
info@salengineering.it
EOPTIS
Via Kufstein 1
38121 Trento – Italy
+39 0461 260 552
info@eoptis.com
www.spectralcam.com

32. www.spectralcam.com
info@salengineering.it
Basically the proper instrument for your multispectral survey