Renewables-driven Data Centers Leverage Local Solar and Storage
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The Clean Coalition was a partner organization for the Grid-Scale Storage Conference, which took place on June 6-7, 2018 in San Francisco, CA. Executive Director Craig Lewis presented at the event.
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Renewables-driven Data Centers Leverage Local Solar and Storage
- 1. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now Renewables-driven Data Centers 6 June 2018 Craig Lewis Executive Director Clean Coalition 650-796-2353 mobile craig@clean-coalition.org
- 2. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 2 Clean Coalition (non-profit) Mission To accelerate the transition to renewable energy and a modern grid through technical, policy, and project development expertise
- 3. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 3 Clean Coalition Vision
- 4. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 4 WDG Unleashes Renewables Distribution Grid Project Size Behind the Meter Central Generation Serves Remote Loads Wholesale DG Serves Local Loads Retail DG Serves Onsite Loads Transmission Grid 5 kW 50+ MW 500 kW
- 5. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 5 WDG Unleashed Solar in Germany Solar Markets: Germany vs California (RPS + CSI + other) Germany deployed over 10 times more solar than California in the decade from 2002 despite California having 70% better solar resource Sources: CPUC, CEC, SEIA and German equivalents. CumulativeMW - 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 2002 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 California Germany
- 6. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 6 Community Microgrid Vision
- 7. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 7 Key features: • A targeted and coordinated local grid area served by one or more distribution substations • High penetrations of local renewables and other Distributed Energy Resources (DER) such as energy storage and demand response • Staged capability for ongoing renewables-driven power backup for critical and prioritized loads across the grid area • A solution that can be readily extended throughout a utility service territory – and replicated into any utility service territory around the world What is a Community Microgrid? A Community Microgrid is a new approach for designing and operating the electric grid, stacked with local renewables.
- 8. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 8 Long Island Community Microgrid – Map View
- 9. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 9 Long Island Community Microgrid - Diagram EH GT Substation ES Tier 2 Loads S Tier 2 Loads Tier 3 Loads Tier 3 Loads 9EU-4N7 (Bank 4) Transmission 9EU-4N8 (Bank 4) Diesel Solar Tier 1: OV Pump Station ES F Diesel SolarSolar U MC2 Control Level Facility, autonomous capable Substation, autonomous capable Utility Independent System Operators F ISO S U ISO Other Diagram Elements Autonomously Controllable Microgrid Relay/Switch (open, closed) Meter Tier 1: Springs Fire Station ES F Diesel SolarSolar Tier 1: BH Pump Station ES F Diesel SolarSolar Solar Solar
- 10. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 10 Solar Emergency Microgrid overview A Solar Emergency Microgrid (SEM) has 3 basic components: Solar; energy storage; and monitoring, communications & control A SEM provides indefinite back-up power for critical loads Ideal for police and fire stations, emergency operations centers and shelters, critical communications and water infrastructure, etc Displaces dirty, expensive, non-renewable diesel generators
- 11. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 11 UCSB Community Microgrid – Area Map
- 12. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 12 UCSB Community Microgrid – Phase 1 Switch 565 Switch 516 Switch 552 Eucalyptus Grove Legend Color Description Research North Feeder 12.47 kV Critical facilities- critical loads must be backed up Non-critical facilities- loads must be shed Existing Solar Proposed Solar PV
- 13. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 13 UCSB Community Microgrid – Phase 1 + 2
- 14. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 14 F Colegio Substation S Transmission U MC2 Control Level Facility, autonomous capable Substation Utility Independent System Operators F ISO S U ISO Other Diagram Elements Autonomously Controllable Microgrid Relay/Switch (open, closed) Main service panel Existing solar Proposed new solar 12kV Feeder: Research North Rec Center 408 kW Solar Tier 2 & 3 Loads Ellison ES EH&S 1,000 kW Solar Mesa Garage 149 kW Solar Cheadle Hall Critical Loads and Solar Generation Non- critical Loads Girvetz Hall Rec Center Expansion 135 kW Solar 165 kW Solar Davidson Library 196 kW Solar Kerr Hall UCSB Community Microgrid – Phase 1
- 15. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 15 Athletics Center (ICA) 149 kW Solar F Colegio Substation S Transmission U MC2 Control Level Facility, autonomous capable Substation Utility Independent System Operators F ISO S U ISO Other Diagram Elements Autonomously Controllable Microgrid Relay/Switch (open, closed) Main service panel Existing solar Proposed new solar 12kV Feeder: Central Academic Student Health Center 329 kW Solar Tier 2 & 3 Loads Tier 2 & 3 Loads Robertson Gym 494 kW Solar ES F Public Safety Facilities 251 kW Solar Theatre & Dance 390 kW Solar Events Parking 275 kW Solar HSSB 170 kW Solar Arts Data Center Auto Shop Sewer Lift Critical Loads and Solar Generation Non- critical Loads Tier 2 & 3 Loads Diesel UCSB Community Microgrid – Phase 2
- 16. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 16 Renewables for Data Center Energy & Resilience Renewables + Energy Storage Grid Diesel Generators Switching UPS Data Center Core
- 17. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 17 Solar and Load Profiles – Data Center ChallengeEnergy Time of Day Office load Solar generation Data Center load
- 18. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 18 Local Solar + Energy Storage = Indefinite EnergyEnergy Time of Day Office load Solar generation Data Center load Solar + Energy Storage
- 19. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 19 Assumptions 20% solar capacity factor (typical for MW-scale solar in California) Worst solar day is 10% of average (ie, 2% capacity factor) 2 acres of siting required per 1 MW of solar Requires 24x7x365 performance Calculations 24 MWh of replenishment solar required daily (1 MW x 24 hr) 50 MW of solar required (50 MW x .02 capacity factor x 24 hr) 24 MWh of energy storage required Local Solar + Energy Storage to Replace 1MW of Diesel Opportunity: Local renewables + energy storage can provide indefinite backup power. Challenge: Data centers have large flat loads; 100% solar is tough.
- 20. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 20 Other Plays for Local Renewables + Energy Storage Diversify renewables Wind & solar generation profiles are highly complementary One 3MW wind turbine averages 24 MWh/day Diversify geography Demand Response (DR) combined with renewables + energy storage = big UPS Fail-over strategies can allow significant reduction in energy usage Monetize energy storage in markets like DR and frequency regulation Markets typically cover 35% of energy storage costs while tax credits cover another 30% 35% Resilience 35% Markets 30% Federal tax credits Cloud offers geo redundancy
- 21. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 21 Demand Response (DR) Opportunity Energy TimeFail-over trigger Normal Data Center Load Reduced traffic & reduced load Diesel 1 Diesel 2 Diesel 3 Diesel 4 Diesel 5 Diesel 6 Diesel 7 Diesel 8 Diesel 9
- 22. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 22 Energy TimeFail-over trigger Normal Data Center Load Reduced traffic & reduced load 1 MWh from Renewables + Energy Storage Diesel 1 Diesel 2 Diesel 3 Diesel 4 Diesel 5 Diesel 6 Diesel 7 Diesel 8 Diesel 9 DR + Renewables + Energy Storage = Big UPS
- 23. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 23 Energy TimeFail-over trigger Normal Data Center Load Reduced traffic & reduced load 1 MWh from Renewables + Energy Storage Diesel 1 Diesel 2 Diesel 3 Diesel 4 Diesel 5 Diesel 6 Diesel 7 Diesel 8 Diesel 9 DR + Renewables + Energy Storage = Success
- 24. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 24 1 MWh of energy storage with small solar or other renewables 2 MW of solar supplies 1 MWh of energy on worst weather day in California Multiple Pathways to Replacing 1MWh of Diesel Replacing 1 MWh of Diesel with local renewables + energy storage is easy
- 25. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 25 Local renewables + energy storage is increasingly viable, including for a portion of data center requirements Challenges exist for data center pioneers to help overcome Seeking Data Center Pioneers The Clean Coalition is seeking data center pioneers to conquer the next renewables frontier!
- 26. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 26 Backup
- 27. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 27 German solar is mostly local (on rooftops) - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 up to 10 kW 10 to 30 kW 30 to 100 kW 100 kW to 1 MW over 1 MW MW German Solar Capacity Installed through 2012 Source: Paul Gipe, March 2011 Germany’s solar deployments are almost entirely sub-2 MW projects on built- environments and interconnected to the distribution grid (not behind-the-meter) 22.5% 26% 23.25% 9.25% 19%
- 28. Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now 28 German rooftop solar is 4 to 6 cents/kWh today Project Size Euros/kWh USD/kWh California Effective Rate $/kWh Under 10 kW 0.1270 0.1359 0.0628 10 kW to 40 kW 0.1236 0.1323 0.0611 40.1 kW to 750 kW 0.1109 0.1187 0.0548 Other projects up to 750 kW* 0.0891 0.0953 0.0440 Conversion rate for Euros to Dollars is €1:$1.07 California’s effective rate is reduced 40% due to tax incentives and then an additional 33% due to the superior solar resource Replicating German scale and efficiencies would yield rooftop solar today at only between 4 and 6 cents/kWh to California ratepayers * For projects that are not sited on residential structures or sound barriers.