China Religion Impact

China Religion Impact
The impact of religion in the world is immeasurable. Through ancient times to now, different waves
of religions, including Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity, have swept over the western
world and influenced Asia to become the powerful continent it is today. These religions encouraged
communication between the different countries and empires of ancient Asia, but did not become an
obstacle to trade and education.
Different religions have motivated individuals to seek education, allies, and trade. In Xuanzang's
time, "Buddhism stood as a spiritual and intellectual challenge to the recurrent Chinese attitude of
self–sufficiency and self–importance. Buddhism connected China to the outside world" (Gordon 19–
20). Many monks traveled through Buddhism's influence to hear ... Show more content on
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Built establishments assisted in their travel, and kings and rulers often aided with food and shelter.
The core beliefs influenced China and other countries to open up new trade routes and
communication. Ibn Fadlan's trip was because "Caliphs were always looking for new allies,
especially new converts who would fight and die for Islam" (Gordon 23). Islam's different teachings
and others religions created a need for allies that would convert and fight loyally for a religion. The
idea of obtaining new allies caused many ambassadorial missions across Asia with teachings and
supplies to attempt to create alliances with rulers of different religions. The diverse beliefs of the
countries that the ambassadors had to pass through either assisted or halted the journey. Uniting
under a religion helped the different rulers stay loyal to one another. During Tome Pires's attempt to
trade in Asia, "[The Portuguese] never successfully recruited local educated elites unless they
converted to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Key Features & Religious Practices Of Chinese Popular...
Key Features & Religious Practices of Chinese Popular Religions The main Chinese religions have
many key features. The main religions include shamanism/ancestor reverence, Confucianism,
Daoism, Mahayana Buddhism, and idol worship. These 5 religions share some features in common.
For example, Chinese popular religion focuses on the human being's pursuit of health, wealth, and
happiness in their lives (quote the textbook). Chinese popular religions want the human to be doing
well and succeeding in their day–to–day activities of their lives. Another key component of the main
Chinese religions is respecting one's elders. The religions teach the importance of obeying the
commands of the elders and honoring the family name. The Chinese allow place a strong emphasis
on the temple. The temple is a place where the people could communicate, understand, and learn
about their gods (quote the textbook). The next subsections will be describing the key religious
practices of each of the 5 Chinese religions.
Shamanism/Ancestor Reverence Shamanism and ancestor reverence are key religions of the
Chinese. Shamans are spiritual healers who call on spirits while they are dreaming to relieve an
individual from uncertainty or cure an individual from a disease (Laughlin & Rock, 2014). Shamans
are seen as elders of the Chinese community and are respected for the tremendous healing power
they have on others. Furthermore, ancestor reverence is the respect many younger generations have
for their

Spread Of Buddhism In China Dbq Analysis
The responses to the spread of Buddhism in China were positive, negative, and acknowledged the
differences between Buddhism and other religions. Buddhism reached China around the first century
C.E., but Buddhist influence did not largely spread until the fall of the Han Dynasty. China was
deeply Confucian in the first century, and resisted the presence of Buddhism due to the many
differences between the basic beliefs of each religion. The Chinese population reacted differently to
Buddhism depending on personal beliefs, which led to disagreement and conflict.
Buddhism caused many positive responses throughout China, especially during times of political
instability. Buddhism increased in popularity as the enforcement of laws in China decreased ... Show
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China was greatly influenced by Confucian beliefs, especially during the Han Dynasty.
Confucianists believe the key to harmony is good morals throughout society and the acceptance and
respect of unequal relationships. Chinese Confucianists thought that society would run smoothly, as
long as each person completed their respective tasks. Tang Emperor Wu stated that Buddhism
allowed monks and nuns to not do their part in society, and therefore Buddhism needed to be
eradicated from Chinese society (Document 6). Emperor Wu's point of view does not reflect the
viewpoint of the lower classes, especially Buddhist supporters, because he is an emperor who lives a
lavish life. Emperor Wu fully supports Confucianism and has been educated using Confucian beliefs
throughout his life, which further influences his negative opinion on Buddhism expressed in the
proclamation. The unequal relationships between ruler and subject, or father and son, were present
throughout Chinese society and were important to the success of the empire. Han Yu, a Confucian
scholar, explained that the Buddha did not conform to Chinese laws or understand the unequal
relationships present in Chinese culture, in order to convince the population that Buddhism does not
belong in China (Document 4). The intended audience of the statement by Han Yu is the Chinese
upper class in order to prevent further conversion and acceptance of Buddhism. Confucianism was
most popular among the upper classes, due to the extensive education the wealthy received based on
Confucianism. Negative responses were common among the Chinese population due to the many
differences between Buddhist and Confucian

Response To Buddhism Dbq Analysis
Responses to Buddhism varied depending on the political and religious order in China. In docs 1
and 2, the response was conversion and hope in times of political instability. In docs 3 and 5, the
response was to practice not just Buddhism but other religions as well to coexist. In docs 4 and 6,
Confucianism was reinstituted and the response to Buddhism was xenophobic and negative because
Confucianism was being threatened.
In documents 1 and 2, both are explaining how to follow Buddhism and that you can reach Nirvana
by following the noble truths. This supports the thesis because while China was going through a
period of political instability after the collapse of the Han empire people wanted to find comfort in a
religion The Buddha preaches ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In document 4, the Chinese xenophobic mindset appears that Buddha was foreign and barbaric. Han
Yu, the Confucian scholar also said that Buddha "deludes" China and people will self–mutilate
because of this religion. This supports the thesis because China has a very high ego and is often seen
as self–sufficient so when something foreign invades, they believe it is unnecessary and sometimes
going so far as to call it "evil" and that is must be ridden of. Calling Buddhism evil and barbaric is
certainly a negative response to the spread. Document 6 also shows a very negative response to
Buddhism written by the Emperor Wu of the Tang dynasty. The emperor claims that Buddhism in
"injuring mankind" and that the followers are too abundant. He complains that while the Buddhists
are off praying in temples and living a secluded life, they should be fulfilling their roles in China
such as farming and feeding the population. During this time, after legalism was thrown out and the
civil service exam was reinstituted based off Confucian values so it is obvious the emperor felt that
Buddhism threatened the social standards and hierarchy of Confucianism and needed to dispose of
it. His point of view is that as the emperor, he must protect his Mandate of Heaven and keep order in
his empire, and the way to do that is for people to pay taxes (which Buddhist

Religion In Feudal China's Grapes
Did you know about 250,000 Buddhist nuns and monks were forced to leave their religion? I am
studying the religion part of Feudal China's GRAPES (Geography, Religion, Achievements, Politics,
Economics, and Social Structure). The essay will be split into paragraphs about each religion. I will
cover what the three main religions were in China. All three religions impacted the Chinese culture.
What is Buddhism? Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty. It became popular
when the Han and Tang dynasties were struggling with each other. They were looking for a way to
find peace and end suffering. Buddhist believe that life is going to have suffering. Buddhist also
believe that to calm suffering, you have to give up worldly desires ... Show more content on
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Confucianism was structured around respect for family and society. Confucianism was an important
belief, particularly for the scholar–officials. Confucianism existed during a time of warfare and
chaos of China. Confucius's philosophy was created to bring back peace and stability. He said that a
wise ruler governed through honest examples, not force. Confucius lived around 551 B.C. to 479
B.C. Even after Confucius died, his followers kept spreading his thoughts and beliefs. He educated
people that they could get virtue through education. He taught a similar version of the "golden rule",
to treat others like you would treat yourself. Confucius taught children that they should always
respect their parents.
Confucius believed that Junzi were rulers and that they would inspire others below them to live a
good life. Moral self–cultivation was shown through the activities of the Junzi. Junzi means superior
person. Confucius thought of the Junzi as a good moral role model, rather than an individual of
noble birth. Junzi had to have many traits including: respectful to their parents, they were dedicated
to learning, worked for the good of the family, community, and society. They were guided by the
traditional rituals and social customs. Some scholars think that Confucius thought that women could
become a

Confucianism Rituals And Sacrifices Of Buddhism
Confucianism Rituals and Sacrifices
ENLE Li
51669159
Ashton Clayton
Confucianism Rituals and Sacrifices
Introduction
Ritual is a religious ceremony that involves a series of activities performed in a particular order by
those who subscribe to the religion. Sacrifice is the act of giving something to a supernatural being
to please it. The word sacrifice also means the offering given to the supernatural human being. The
essay is going to discuss rituals and sacrifices in Confucianism, which is one the largest religion in
China.
Rituals
In the Confucianism religion, rituals are held to bring people together. The core unifying factor of
rituals is worship. One of the oldest rituals in the Confucian is the worship of the ancestors.
Confucians took ancestors worship as a source of their moral and spiritual fulfillment something that
brought harmony in the society. The rise of Han dynasty in 202 BC, endorsed Confucianism as a
leadership ideology, and it came with the incorporation of the ancestors worship (Dubs, 1938).
Shrines to ancestors mostly consisted of pictures of the dead elders and to show respect to them, one
was required to clasp incense in the hand and kneel before the picture to place the burning incense in
the holder. Ancestors are taken to be a link to the Supreme Being and the people. The respect for the
dead was caused by the belief that a person has two souls, namely hun and po. The two souls are
associated with yang and yin

China 's Most Strapping Religion
Desha Fleureme July 10, 2015 Taoism China 's most strapping religion, Taoism is an ancient
tradition of philosophy and religious beliefs that have been deeply rooted within the Chinese
customs. It can also be referred to as Daoism, which is a more accurate way of saying the Chinese
word in English. The Tao in Taoism is usually translated as the Way. Despite the unknown of what
the Tao really means, it upholds a significant importance to the universe in the warmest regards. It is
very difficult to determine the number of Taoist in the world, especially in the mainland of China
where religion was outlawed under the strict communist rule. However, it is estimated to have the
range from 30 million to 300 million followers in China alone. Many Taoist followers are located in
small communities of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and in Southeast Asia that make up a significant
portion of the 21st–century population. Nearly 2000 years ago, Taoism was created. However, the
date it was founded on is obscure. During the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, Taoism was acknowledged
by the religious system. Amongst the first, is the Celestial Master of the first organized school of
thought, Zhang Daoling. To date, there is a current Celestial Master that lives in Taiwan, Tianshi
Dao. Most Taoist ideas come from the Chinese schools of thought. Unfortunately, there is not an
accurate way to distinguish between the ideas that are fundamentally Taoist and those that Taoism
took from other religions,

Spread Of Buddhism Dbq Essay
In the sixth century B.C.E., the religion of Buddhism was founded in India. Seven centuries later,
the religion would find itself arriving in China in the midst of the Han Dynasty. In China, there were
many different views of the religion as it arrived and spread throughout the country. There were two
main responses to the religion. One response was that Buddhism could stand alongside other
Chinese religions and philosophies such as Confucianism, as it could do a lot of good for China;
while another view was that Buddhism had no place in China, as it came from foreign people and
was barbaric, stealing from the Chinese. One prominent response to Buddhism as it spread was that
it was a good religion that could stand alongside many original Chinese ... Show more content on
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When he does die, he will leave the earth and his spirit shall be enlightened as he enters the presence
of Buddha (Doc. 2). During this time period, northern China is being invaded by steppe nomads.
Much of the people living within China are undoubtedly worried about this. So, this document
shows one way of how Buddhism was received, as a saving grace that could spare people from the
fear of the nomads. If they do believe and follow the ways of the Buddha, then they will have
salvation. The scholar likely wrote this as a way to help quell and fear in people's' hearts, whether it
be his own, or those of strangers. The Buddha himself agrees with the notion that Buddhism helps
conquer fear, as can be seen in one of his sermons eight centuries earlier. In the sermon, he lays out
the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism. He proclaims in the sermon that death is sorrow, that being
separated from pleasures is sorrow, that sorrow arises from cravings which we have, including the
craving for power and the craving for a prolonged life. He goes on to say that the only way to end
this suffering, to be enlightened and reach nirvana is by ending these sorrows (Doc. 1). Buddhism
lays out a path to end sorrow, and in China,

Post-Classical Chinese Religions
Holden Hewes
Ms. Trahan
English II Period 5
2 November 2016
Post Classical and Classical Chinese Religions China is a very influential world power and has been
for many years. The Classical and Post–Classical years in China were a time of achievement and
advancement, especially in the religious movement. Post–Classical and Classical China were very
important historical periods, and their religions, and the effect of them on the world around them
highlighted that importance. Classical China was a breeding ground for new ideas, inventions, and
most importantly, religions. Although Classical China was littered with different religions and
beliefs, Confucianism was the most prominent. Confucianism is based on the teachings of a
philosophical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This exception is the religion of Buddhism, which transformed the Post–Classical era and the
history of China. Islam spread like wildfire, which was surprising due to the popularity of other
Chinese religions at this time, such as Confucianism and Daoism. Trade routes began and facilitated
the spread of it and were influential in spreading things other than just goods (Strayer). The
diffusion of Buddhism into China is extremely important to Chinese people and Chinese history.
Buddhist monasteries sprang up in cities and trade routes, and many people were converted just by
immersion in the religion and by just following the crowd. Buddhism was very big for merchants
and they had a big role in the spread of Buddhism to less populous villages and towns. While China
was leading a massive Buddhist revival, an effort to revive Confucian values was also spreading.
This effort was called Neo–Confucianism, which means new Confucianism. This new religious
belief system combined Confucian values with Buddhist and Daoist influences. This new way of
thinking was popular, and even slowed the Buddhist movement, but Buddhism eventually won,
amassing hundreds of thousands of

Comparison Of Buddhism And Taoism
Taoism and Buddhism are China's two major religions. Taoism is a Chinese philosophical, religious,
and spiritual belief system that teaches one to flow with life and to be true to one's nature. Taoism is
one of China's five religions. It is one of three philosophical teachings which also include
Buddhism, and Confucianism. Taoism began in the in the late 4th century BC under the work of
Laozi, in the Tao Te Ching. 'Tao' means 'way' and Taoism is sometimes expressed as 'the flow of the
universe.' Taoism's central value is naturalness, which one achieves by freeing themselves from
desire and selfish thoughts and behaviors and embracing simplicity in life. Taoism is also sometimes
referred to as Daoism.
Taoism teaches that trusting one's instincts and gut is the path to finding one's true nature. Taoism
has survived as long as it has it has because it teaches to adapt to which allows followers to embrace
modern culture rather than fight it. The three most popular ancient Taoist works include Tao Te
Ching written by Laozi, and one written by Lieh Tzu, and another written by Chuang Tzu. Taoism
teaches to reject hate, to reject intolerance, and to live with compassion, harmony, and balance in
one's life.
Violence is considered to be a last resort in Taoism. Taoism can help one to decrease stress in their
life, which is known to cause illness. Taoism teaches that bad deeds and sin result in illness. The
morality of Taoism is based upon three treasures including being

Religion And Persecution In China
With the rise of ISIS and other radical groups who force their beliefs on others, the question of when
and why do people force others to believe a different belief arises. Though historians cannot know
for sure the exact time in history when persecution started, they can see forced conversions from
Christianity and Judaism have existed for an extensive amount time. Also, the majority of the
motives behind the rulers, who force their belief on people, remain a mystery. If one looks back in
history, he or she notices that the consequences of not converting to the religion being forced
includes death, torture, loss of property, or no government funds. Nonetheless, the most common
result was death. Historically, leaders of countries or powerful ... Show more content on
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In Columbia, criminal groups that control certain areas of the country oppress Christians. Like the
United States' Constitution, Colombia law guarantees religious freedom (Persecution). These
criminal groups, that persecute the Christians, do not have a specific religion. They oppress
Christians to try and silence them from spreading the Gospel so more people can join their group
and not convert to Christianity (Persecution). Although the level of persecution in Columbia is
sparse, it does not mean that it does not happen. Furthermore, Christians who do not remain silent
know that the leaders of the criminal groups will kill them or force them to move. Only the strength
that comes from God allows the Christian Church in Columbia to remain strong amidst difficult

The Monument Of The Tomb Of Emperor Qin
The monument of the Tomb of Emperor Qin tells us about early Chinese religious beliefs and
practices. The mound itself remains unexcavated except for some test trenches, but researchers
believe it contains a vast underground funerary palace designed to match the fabulous palace the
emperor occupied in life. It was not taken into account the seriously until the discovery of pits
around the tomb filled with more than 6,000 life–size painted terracotta figures of soldiers and
horses, as well as bronze horses and chariots. The terracotta army served as the First Emperor's
bodyguard deployed in perpetuity outside the tomb. Funeral Banner of the Marquise of Dai tells us
about early Chinese religious belief and practice. The T–shaped silk banner ... Show more content
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The Daoism emerged out of the metaphysical teachings attributed to Laozi. Daoist philosophy
stresses an intuitive awareness, nurtured by harmonious contact with nature, and shuns everything
artificial. Daoists seek to follow the universal path or principle, called the Dao, whose features
cannot be described but only suggested through analogies. Dao is said to be like water, always
yielding but eventually wearing away the hard stone that does not yield. The strengths in Daoists,
comes from flexibility and inaction. Historically, Daoist principles encouraged retreat from society
in favor a personal cultivar of the ying and yang. This making a perfect balance between yang,
which are the active masculine energy, and yin, passive feminine energy. Confucianism discuss their
role in Chinese society by empathy for suffering, pursuit of morality and justice, respect for ancient
ceremonies, and adherence to traditional social relationships, such as those between parent and
child, elder and younger sibling, husband and wife, and ruler and subject. Stressing that the
deference to age and rank that is at the heart of the Confucian social order brings a reciprocal
responsibility. For example, a king's legitimacy depends on the goodwill of his people. A ruler
should share his joys with his subjects and will know his laws are unjust if they bring suffering to
the people. Confucianism had a profound impact on

Buddhism Is An Indispensable Element Of Chinese And...
Buddhism has been the main religion of china for several thousands of years. In fact, Buddhism is
an indispensable element of Chinese philosophy and literature. As we all know, Buddhism
originated in India and first spread to China around 100BC. Nevertheless, (Mahayana) Buddhism in
China separated itself from the mainstream Buddhism and created a new form of Bodhisattva
precept instead of following the Indian Vinaya precept. In fact , the distinct Chinese history and
culture played significant roles in the development and formation of Mahayana Buddhism . The
change of Chinese society also had a great impact on the doctrine and status of Mahayana
Buddhism. In this paper, I will illustrate the reason why Buddhism was widely accepted by China as
an alien religion , analyze how the indigenous philosophy such as Taoism and Confucianism
affected the Mahayana concept and find the relationship between Mahayana Buddhism and Chinese
Imperialism. Chinese has always been a confident nation most of the time. As they believe that
China is the Celestial Empire of the world, Chinese rulers and scholars are reluctant to accept
heterodox knowledge, especially religion. For hundreds of years, Confucianism had been the
essence of Chinese Philosophy. However, By the middle of the second century. A.D, the great Han
Empire was on the edge of disintegration. "The upper level of Han socio–political order was riven
by conflict and the elite was frustrated by uncertainty". On the other

Absolutism Under The Influence Of Samgha
Although it may not seem evident initially, even the Chinese Buddhist Association and therefore the
Chinese sangha ultimately remain under the control of the communist government. These goals
ultimately help the government have a say in Buddhist affairs because the Chinese Buddhist
Association cannot exist without the government in the first place. For example, the Chinese
Buddhist Association and the samgha completed the "socialization of monasteries" under the name
of promoting Buddhism (Welch 1961, 7). Under the Land Reform Act of 1960, monks and nuns
received the same amount of land as farmers. After land distribution, the number of monks in the
monasteries continues to decrease as many of them return to the laity (Welch 1961, 1). "One
monastery, for example, which had 800 monks before land ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The process, known as "political indoctrination," helps the samgha understand that although the
government possesses ultimate authority, their voices can "influence interpretation of doctrines,
scriptures, and beliefs" (Yu 1971, 54). Even where the samgha receives their education remains
centralized. Most samgha studies through the Chinese Buddhist College that is affiliated with the
Chinese Buddhist Association as well. The samgha are made aware of the relationships in politics
and religion. Since only one college controls the samgha teaching primarily, the process remains
very standardized and differences get eliminated. This helps maintain legitimacy and power because
one organization and its clergy makes the decisions rather than multiple organizations fighting over
control (Yu 1971, 55). Thus, the hierarchy gets further simplified because the Chinese government
simply answers to one organization, the Chinese Buddhist Association, rather than multiple
organizations. Ultimately, this strengthens the government's control over the

The Buddha Was A Very Smart Man Named Siddhattha Gotama
The Buddha was a very smart man named Siddhattha Gotama. He passed up many great positions to
continue on his journey. He tried his own techniques and learned from them. Buddhism was not the
first religion in China, it migrated from India. Buddhism is a vast and complex religious
philosophical tradition. Buddhism was the religion everyone in China mostly followed and a little
bit of the previous one.
Buddha is not a name it is a title that means one who has woken up. You can not be called Buddha
until you have reached enlightenment. The Buddha's mother had a dream that the Buddha enters her
side as a white baby elephant, she dies seven days later after his birth. The Buddha was born in Terai
lowlands in the Himalayas. When he was born ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buddha practiced a breathing technique which involved retaining the breath for longer and longer
periods of time, a headache was a result of this. He moved on to a new technique which he only ate
a teaspoon of bean soup a day, his hair started to fall out and he could not sit upright. After that
technique failed he realized that his appetite should be moderated. You should not deny it or indulge
in excess. Canons are a collection of scriptures that contains the Buddha teachings. The Buddha did
not make himself a leader therefore he did not need a successor. After the Buddha was gone
everyone should follow the Dharma and the monks should hold on to this and the Vinaya, which is
the rules he laid down for the regulation of monastic life.
Buddhism reached China in the first century. At that time Han Dynasty had consolidated Chinese
power in Central Asia. Confucianism was the dominant ideology in China, which is socio–ethical
principles deriving from the teaching of the sage. Buddhism seemed to conflict with some
Confucian values because Confucianism regarded the family as the foundation of society, and the
Buddhist leave their families and renounce. Buddhism seemed to take up where Confucianism left
off, and described an unseen world about which Confucianism had little to say about. When the
people enquired about death, Confucius gave this answer: 'You cannot know about death before you
know about life '. Confucianism left unanswered questions about which many

Spread of Buddhism in China
Buddhism arrived in China by the first century C.E. by way of the Silk Road. Initially, the spread of
Buddhism was met with positivity, but as the centuries passed, the Chinese began to view it in a
negative light. Additionally, during a period of disunity and political instability, the Chinese peasants
welcomed Buddhism, but as Buddhism became more popular, Chinese aristocracy and government
saw it as a threat to their power and moved to discredit its movement. Documents 1, 2, and 5
positively supported the spread of Buddhism, and Documents 4 and 6 negatively viewed the spread
of Buddhism. The change in attitude corresponding to the spread of Buddhism is presented with
Documents 1, 2, and 3, which initially support Buddhism, and Documents 4, 5, and 6, which shows
the changing opinions on Buddhism. It would be beneficial to see additional documents written by a
peasant in order to show the contrast between elite responses and their motives for choosing a
foreign religion over the traditional Confucianism. Another helpful document would be a response
from a woman because it would be useful to know the reasons a woman in Chinese society would
choose Buddhism and their perspective as opposed to the point of view of men. Documents 1, 2, and
5 positively support the spread of Buddhism in China. Document 1 is written by the Buddha
himself, and lays down the basic principles followed by all Buddhists. It shows that by eliminating
cravings, sorrow would stop. Nevertheless, it is

Age Of Division
The Age of Division was a base for change in the future for China. While many wealthy families
were dividing China apart the people were looking for an answer to unify them all. During this time
China would change many aspect in its society which would help shape the future of its culture. At
the time Buddhism made some changes when the Great Vehicle system was introduced making
Buddhism more a religion than a way of thinking. One of the way to bring people together is
religion and that is what buddhism did. It provided a new vision to the people of China and
something to believe in. Buddhism became popular in the age of division because it gave people
something to believe in and this would make their lives feel complete while giving them peace of
mind. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is do to the fact that when Buddhism and Daoism were becoming religions they borrowed a lot
from each other. While some of the concepts may be different they were both a refreshing way to
act. Confucianism had dominated a lot before the age of division and the people were tired of it. In
Ge Hong's autobiography it seemed that he was really laid back and didn't want to be given
anything. Ge Hong's self virtuous ruled over his actions and his story is very similar to that of the
Buddhist monks. Comparing him to Seng Baozhi, they both tried to gain knowledge at a young age
and they have a similar story of walking around in the cold. Ge Hong says "My clothes do not
protect me from the cold... yet none of this causes me worry"(Source,93) while in the passage about
Seng Baozhi it is said that "At one time Baozhi was walking in the cold without any upper garment"
(Source, 101). This shows that no matter if it was Buddhism or Daoism people were trying to find
something to believe in when the people were separated. The people may be grouped differently but
they all hold common beliefs and want to improve

Buddhism In China Dbq
DBQ: Buddhism in China
After the fall of the Han dynasty, many Chinese people converted to Buddhism. They seeked a
simpler way of life among all of the chaos and political instability going on at the time. This led to a
drop in productivity in China, as many Buddhists spent their time meditating. The rise in Buddhism
among the lower class led to a hate for the religion by the upper–class. While some people saw
Buddhism as a new form of thinking in China's evolving social landscape, many others saw it as a
threat to the traditional Chinese way of life, as they were reluctant to change.
Buddhism was favored by the poor, uneducated people of China, as it offered assurance to a better
life. According to Document 1, the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism

Comparison Between Confucianism And Taoism
Confucianism and Taoism are often referred to as rival philosophies. Both religions emerged in
ancient China around 5th–4th century BCE. Confucianism was founded by Kong Qui, otherwise
known as Confucius(Harbsmeier, 2013). Taoism was founded by Lao Tzu. Both of these founders
are considered two of the most influential philosophers and spiritual leaders native to China. Both
emerged as a result of the fall of the Zhou Dynasty (Sellman, 2006). Both of these religions
encourage their followers to live well rounded lives. Taoism is centered in nature and how it can
make one's life better and Confucianism is based on harmony with society.
Confucianism is both a philosophy and a religion (Mei, 2017). Confucianism is focused on setting a
good example (Harbsmeier, 2013). This is done through five relationships; ruler and subject, wife
and husband, older and younger sibling, friend and friend and father and son (Mei, 2017). It is an all
encompassing way of life focused on morals, humanity and ethics, and teaches that each person
should behave virtuously in every social setting (Mei, 2017). In contrast, Taoism focuses on living
harmoniously with everyone. Taoism is also considered a philosophy and a religion which reaches
into every aspect of an adherent's life (White Paper, 2003). Taoism is based on the idea that the
universe and everything in it moves because of a mysterious force or control known as the "Tao"
(Sellman, 2006). Tao is also used to describe human

Imperial Edifice In The Sui-Tang Eras
Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the Sui–Tang Eras
Once upon a time...
There was a noble named Wendi, he was sad that his nation was separated and he set out to take
back China, with the help of several nomadic generals he had control of northern China. In 589 he
defeated the Chen kingdom which had ruled pretty much the rest of China and he set up the Sui
dynasty as which followed a traditional Chinese core. Wendi won the hearts of the people by
lowering taxes and building granaries to have a secure food supply.
Sui Excesses and Collapse
Wendi had a son, Yangdi who was set out to strengthen what his father started, he conquered more
nomads and secured more land, refined the laws and the Confucian educational system. Scholarly
bureaucrats ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This began the Tang Dynasty. The Tang armies extended the empire's reach to the Afghanistan and
Tang also repaired the great wall of China.
Rebuilding the Bureaucracy
A former scholar redid the confucian ideology and helped Tang maintain its unity. Aristocracy's
power was reduced and power was now shared by imperial families and scholars. Bureaucracy was
under strict control and reached from imperial court to district levels of administration.
The Growing Importance of the Examination System
Under the Tang and Song Dynasty, scholars became more popular and extended the examination
system. Exams were created to determine someone's role or if someone wanted to become higher up
in social order. Peasants could take exams to become an official but the knowledge required for
them was usually only available to the rich so few peasants actually made it.
State and Religion in the Tang and Song Eras
Confucian ideas now threatened the already existing Buddhism in China. Previously China was
mainly Buddhist and it was promoted by Empress Wu, who wanted to make Buddhism the main
religion.

The Anti–Buddhist

Comparing The Impact Of Religion And Philosophy In India...
When comparing the impact of religion and philosophy in India with the impact of religion and
philosophy on these classical civilization's governments between 600 BCE and 600 CE, they were
similar in that they used religion and philosophy to support social and caste divisions, they stressed
the importance of following and obeying rules and the men who followed the teachings of the
religion or philosophy were on the top of the social hierarchy. This was because both China and
India religion and philosophy used religion to justify the social divisions like the caste system in
India by talking about reincarnation or the Confucian stress on the importance of obeying authority.
Both India and China also had a religion or philosophy that encouraged ... Show more content on
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One social difference was that in India, religion didn't help the government unify their empire.
Hinduism was so diverse and had so many offshoots and sects like the Shaivites and the
Vaishnavites that it wasn't uniform enough to be shared across India and bring together the Indian
subcontinent and empire. This was distinct from China where Confucianism was fairly consistent in
its teachings and values. Because of this, all across China the idea of Confucianism linked various
provinces and areas like the vastly different North and South China together. A follower of
Confucius from a remote southern province would probably follow the same ideals that another
follower of Confucius from the North. This let the government unify the Chinese empire and bring
together otherwise very different people under one government. This difference was probably due to
the fact that Hinduism had no one founder to dispense core values and it was a polytheistic religion
so there were many different gods to follow while Confucianism was based on the teachings of one
man, Confucius and followed his individual teachings and the interpretations of them. Of the two,
China was much more unified while India remained incredibly diverse. However, both these
governments and empires were more united than the Classical Greek civilization which was
composed of fiercely independent city–states. A social similarity was that these religions helped
helped the government maintain social differences in society. India had the highly inflexible caste
system while China had a more lenient social pyramid. The caste system was supported by the belief
in reincarnation and karma in India where if you lived a good life as a good person you would
reincarnate into a good caste because of your karma so you were ultimately responsible for your
own caste. In China, Confucianism promoted the idea that those in lower classes should stay there
and respect their

Confucianism And Taoism
Often puzzled themselves, Chinese society finds it difficult to put a religious label on their belief
system, whether it be within the multiple sects of Buddhism, Confucianism, or Taoism. Throughout
the different beliefs and practices that each individual undertakes, one factor remains the same for
all and it is their base factor of belief in ancient wisdom. Although, it may seem like their strong tie
to ancient wisdom would equal them all believing in the same thing, this becomes contradictory
from one religion to the other due to the various sources of their ancient wisdom. Although, there
are different labels which entail different beliefs and practices, this essay will help shed light on how
Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism each bring key features that fuse together to form Chinese
popular religion and presents other factors that also influence this religion. Chinese popular religion,
consisting of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, divides into many rituals and obligations.
Success is centered on materialistic items, prosperity, and health (Corduan, 2012). With the belief
that humans are inherently good, Taoism focuses on the yin and yang of human life (Lecture 6,
2015). Taoism places an emphasis on cosmic adjustment and harmony within the world. One must
live their life without set intentions and they must not receive pleasure from eating and breathing,
because these two aspects of life should be just that, essential aspects required to live. Taoism
asserts that

Compare And Contrast Confucianism And Legalism
Philosophies Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were the three main philosophies in ancient
China for a form of government. I state that Daoism is the most effective form of government
because it is based around balance: balance in nature and opposites of the universe. Daoism has the
highest number of followers at around 20 million people among the three philosophies. Daoism is
concerned with helping people live in harmony with their self. Legalism was very different from
both Confucianism and Daoism because Legalism was the belief that people needed to be controlled
because they were evil. Legalism is found in China and was founded by Han Feize. While it is
unknown when Legalism was established, it is known that Han Feize was born in 280 B.C. so that
gives a general time when legalism started. Legalism didn't deal with much religious concerns but
was more of a political philosophy instead. Citizens were seen to be responsible for actions of one
another. A person who is considered guilty, their relatives and neighbors should be punished as well.
This was a way to make sure that the laws are followed. The laws are strict with harsh punishments.
People who spy on others and report anything that they do wrong to the authorities are thought to be
doing right of the law. Both Legalism and Confucianism are belief systems within a group of people,
not religions, and both are intended to lead to an orderly way of life, how they approach their
teachings are complete opposed.

Different Religions In China
"Buddhism! Taoism! Islam!" thousands of religion are being shouted around in the cafeteria. No one
is surprised. Hardly anyone is the same religion in your school. That is not unusual in China. There
are so many different religions in China. Religion makes China because there are so many different
religions in China. The main three are Buddhism, Taoism, and Islam.
The first religion is Buddhism. Buddhists have three main things that they believe; The Four Noble
Truths, the Noble 8–fold Path, and The Five Precepts. The Four Noble Truth apply specifically to
Buddhist. The first Noble Truth: Buddhism explains that suffering can be avoided and you can be
happy. The second Noble Truth: If you crave, then you can not be truly happy. The Third

Similarities Between Ancient Greece And China Essay
1. Using three civilizations as examples, describe the concept of the Axial Age The concept of axial
age was introduced into the sphere of philosophical knowledge by German existentialist philosopher
Karl Jaspers for characterizing the period of ancient history during about the 8th to the 3rd century
BC. In this period of time we have developed a fundamentally new religious beliefs and doctrines
that promoted human and cultural values of the era. Jaspers described the Axial Age as an
interregnum between two ages of great empire, a pause for liberty, a deep breath bringing the most
lucid consciousness. Jaspers argued that during the Axial Age, the spiritual foundations of humanity
were laid simultaneously and independently in China, India, Persia, Judea and Greece. And these are
the foundations upon which humanity still subsists today. Consider, for example Greece, India and
China. Ancient Greece up to the 6th century BC was on a par with other civilizations by the level of
spiritual development. Hellenic culture range was one of those, whose coordinate system covers the
problems of family, God, nature and Eros. As a general rule, the mentality of this culture consisted
the two vectors – Apollonian and Dionysian. Dionysian beginning was aimed at the satisfaction of
the instinctual needs, as opposed to the Apollonian, whose essence consisted of creative and
scientific elements. The widespread fall of the monarchy and the actualization role of the nation
brought Hellenic

Ancient China Religion Research Paper
Religion? Culture? Ancient China had many distinct characteristics that made it so unique and
memorable. Religion, culture, and many other attributes served as a foundation for what we know as
ancient China today. Ancient China had many distinct religious and cultural characteristics, but also
had huge amount of influence and impact to each other. Philosophy and the distinct way of life was
defined by the many practices and beliefs within the Chinese culture. Religious practices in China
pushed people to gain god's favor, in other words do good deeds. China's almost too perfect
geography kick started the start of a new civilization.
The philosophy of Confucius's teachings brought prosperity, order, and allowed the advancement of
the Chinese

The Mandate Of Heaven: The Role Of Religion In Ancient China
Numerous present day countries, such as the United States, are firm on the separation of religion and
state, as a means of preventing prejudice and bias against marginal religious groups. However, such
attempts to separate religion and state rarely stop religion from influencing basic law or the
decisions made by people in power because religion creates a foundation of thought in our choices
and judgements. This is evident in classical civilizations because those in power depended on
religious beliefs and celestial beings. Moreover, religion highly influenced social classes, giving
individuals such as kings and emperors an advantage. Finally, religion was used to maintain moral
and ethical codes within the societies, thus influencing their ... Show more content on
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Classical civilizations social distinctions were more complex than they were in the Foundations Era,
with kings, emperors, or a high priest with the most power and money, military aristocracy or
priestly aristocracy, commercial families, artisans or craftsmen, peasant farmers an herdsmen, and
finally, slaves (Bentley and Ziegler). The classical civilizations had more complex social statuses
due to the emergence of transregional networks of communication and exchange, essentially
syncretism, as opposed to prioritizing agricultural beliefs, as evident in Mesopotamia. In addition,
these transregional networks led to the spread of religion and belief systems, in which social classes
also progressed. The social hierarchy itself indicates the influence religion had in governance
because a priest had the ability of being at the same rank as a king, and even if they were not, they
were still the second highest class provided with titles and wealth. One civilization that's dominate
religion integrated with its social classes was the Mauryan Empire in ancient India, in which
Hinduism strongly believed in the caste system. The caste system categorized Hindus into four
classes– Brahmin, priests and intellectuals, Kshatriya, warriors and political leaders, Vaisya,
merchants and landowners, and the Sudra, commoners, merchants, and servants (Infobase).
Hinduism gave kings and emperors an

Religion And Kingship In China, India, And Egypt
The religion and kingship Among the ancient civilizations of China, India and Egypt, their religion
and kingship are strongly related to each other. However, they all have their own concept about how
the religious belief plays a role in the authority of the kingship and the connection between the king
and the god.
In the ancient India, the two most well– known and developed through nowadays religions are
Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism is basically saying that reincarnation is based on the previous
life of the human being and the willing of try to get out this kind of circle(lecture India–Hinduism).
It also mentions that there is a multitude of gods as different manifestations ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
People believe that there are remarkable number of gods associated with heavenly bodies and
natural forces. The king of the Egypt was also believed to be a combination of the divine and the
mortal. He can also be considered the messenger or connection between god and humankind. But in
ancient China Shang dynasty, the ruling elite believed in the existence of supernatural forces, they
could communicate with these forces by using the oracle bone to obtain divine intervention on
matter in the world. Because the god and goddesses all have their different kind of power, in order
for our desire or getting something from them, we have to sacrifice first. In china, people use dead
animal as something that we want to devote to the god so they can tell the god what they want from
them. Because those gods has supernatural powers and they except the sacrifice, so when some
rulers did some bad things to the society, he will make some bad things to happen just to remind
them and warn them about it is a terrible thing to do. The example could be like earthquake, tsunami
or volcanic

Buddhism: The Transformation Of Buddhism In China
Buddhism made its way into China during the Han dynasty which existed during the years 206 BCE
to 220 CE. The period in which Buddhism was introduced into China was a trying one, a time where
China was "(forcibly unified)...by the Ch'in." The emperor of the Han dynasty was the heir to this
new China. Despite this situation, the Han dynasty was an "era of rapid economic development...and
population grew to perhaps 56 million." This boost gave Buddhism in China the chance to
propagate, as the people who were suffering saw the teachings of Buddhism as a godsend, thus
attracting many believers to this new religion. Although many saw the emergence of Buddhism as a
saving grace, it is in my opinion that while it did provide some form of unification in medieval
China, Chinese Buddhism was what created a rift in China upon its introduction due to the massive
change it brought about. This can be seen through the changes in the style and usage of art from the
time it was brought into China, and the competition it created between the Buddhist and Taoist
believers existing at that time. Chinese Buddhism caused one of ... Show more content on
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While initially "the Buddhism that was imported into China...was easily confused with Taoism,"
with the development of both religions, their differences began to appear. Taoism viewed life as
something that was good while Buddhism viewed life as suffering, and their conflicts between the
afterlife and reincarnation also existed. In the year 845 CE, Emperor Wu Zong persecuted the
Buddhists in an attempt to close the doors on Buddhism. While it marked an end of an era of
Buddhism in China, Buddhism managed to spring back up in the Sui and Tang dynasty, where it was
declared as the state religion. Although it was named as such, it cannot be denied that it caused a
great upheaval in medieval China due to its competition with

The Memory Palace Of Matteo Ricci Analysis
Matteo Ricci was a born in Italy in 1552. He became a Jesuit and went a mission to China in 1583.
He lived out the rest of his twenty seven years in China, bringing in Western culture and technology,
while learning about what China had to offer. In his novel, The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci,
Jonathan Spence retells Ricci's life story, while also adding information about the world at the time.
Spence tells Ricci's story in an interesting way, by assigning Chinese characters and images that he
believes Ricci would have used in his memory palace, a fictional tool to remember what that took
place during his life. The memory palace works by assigning memories to a character or image, so
when you think of the image, you can remember the memories associated with it. Spence then
breaks up the chapters separately by each image or character and talks about the history and story
from Ricci's life associated with the image or character. This essay will primarily focus on chapter
four of the novel, though a summary of the themes of chapter six is included as well. In chapter four
Spence largely discusses the three main religions of the Western world, Christianity, Islam, and
Judaism, and then draws parallels with the three largest religions in China at the time,
Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. However, these examples are not the only instances where a
trio of three religions and belief systems are present. At the end of the Warring States period in
China, around 350 BCE, China was

The Link Between Mahayana Buddhism And Chinese Culture
The link between Mahayana Buddhism and Chinese Culture
Buddhism has been the main religion of china for several thousands of years. In fact, Buddhism is
an indispensable element of Chinese philosophy and literature. As we all know, Buddhism
originated in India and first spread to China around 100BC. Nevertheless, (Mahayana) Buddhism in
China separated itself from the mainstream Buddhism and created a new form of Bodhisattva
precept instead of following the Indian Vinaya precept. The distinct Chinese history and culture
played significant roles in the development and formation of Mahayana Buddhism . The change of
Chinese society also had a great impact on the doctrine and status of Mahayana Buddhism. In this
paper, I will illustrate the reason why Buddhism was widely accepted by China as an alien religion ,
analyze how the indigenous philosophy such as Taoism and Confucianism affected the Mahayana
concept and find the relationship between Mahayana Buddhism and Chinese Imperialism. Chinese
has always been a confident nation most of the time. As they believe that China is the Celestial
Empire of the world, Chinese rulers and scholars are reluctant to accept heterodox knowledge,
especially religion. For hundreds of years, Confucianism had been the essence of Chinese
Philosophy. However, By the middle of the second century A.D, the great Han Empire was on the
edge of disintegration. "The upper level of Han socio–political order was riven by conflict

Roles Of Religion In Ancient China
Often times religion is used as a way to enforce certain actions or justify a way of doing something.
This was discussed in relation to nature and primarily Western societies in an earlier reading but also
pertains to many social aspects of the Eastern religions (Tucker, Grim 2604). In China, religion is
shown to greatly influence the social hierarchy and could be used as justification as to why people
are in the positions that they are ( Poceski 27). One of the three characters identified as the Three
Sovereigns was a female figure who is said to have created the first humans. According to myth, she
molding the aristocrats first and did so carefully with high quality materials. The later made figures
were not made as carefully as the goddess

Religion In Ancient China
There are a lot of religions in China. About 85% of chinese people have religious beliefs or had
some religious practices and only 15% of them do not have faith in any religions not had any
activities related to religions or folk customs. 185 million people believe in Buddhism and 33
million have faith in Christianity and believes in the existence of God. Only 12 million people are
Taoists, although more than one hundred million have taken part in Taoism activities before. There
is also Islam and Confucianism. Buddhism was brought into China approximately 2,000 years ago.
Buddhism was gradually accepted by most Chinese people and developed into three sections: Han
Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Southern Buddhism. Han Buddhism has 8,400 temples and 50
thousand monks, it is the largest branch on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some believe that Confucianism is not a real religion but is just an ethical and philosophical system,
which developed from Confucius' thoughts and later was treated as a kind of belief to educate
common people. It obtained its stable position under the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (202
BC–220 AD), and became the ideology of the society in the feudal system since then. The traditions
and principles in the Confucianism played an important role in the formation of Chinese people's
thinking patterns and teaching methods.
Christianity is the second largest religion in China. Christianity was first introduced to China in
Tang Dynasty, which was named as Nestorianism during that time. Christians believe that Jesus, as
the Messiah, was anointed by God as savior of humanity, and hold that Jesus' coming was the
fulfillment of messianic prophecies of the Old Testament. More than 10 million people Christian
believers. Most of Christians gather in the south part of the country. There about 18 thousand priest
in China. There are about 50,000 legal churches in

Essay about Religion in Ancient China and Egypt
Dixon 1
Daniel Dixon
Dr. Campbell
History 114
3/20/14
Religion in Ancient China and Egypt Religion has played a very important role in society and the
history of mankind for over thousands of years. Originally created by ancient peoples as a way to
explain the unknown, religion has greatly evolved and spread across the globe. As new religions
have formed and spread, the diversity and similarities between these new religions have also
increased, especially due to their geographic locations. Two civilizations in particular with both
similar and distinct religions are ancient China, and ancient Egypt. Ancient Chinese religion and
ancient Egyptian religion share many things in common with each other, yet at the same time they
are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The people who lived under the Shang Dynasty strongly believed that whenever their ancestors
died, they became similar to gods, and deserved to be worshipped as if they too were gods. Each
family in the Shang Dynasty would not only worship the gods, but would also worship their own
ancestors. Along with ancestor worship, during the late Shang Dynasty, people in ancient China also
began to use written oracle bones to try to predict the future and also to communicate with the gods.
Ancient China and ancient Egypt were both two sophisticated civilizations that created a religion as
a way to explain the natural phenomena they encountered and the unknown. Although different in
many ways, their religions do share many similarities with each other. One of these similarities is
that both of the religions are polytheistic. In both Chinese and Egyptian religion, there are many
different gods, and each god rules in their own domain. However, not only do both religions have
more than one god in them, but also many of the gods from both religions are very similar to each
other in the sense that they rule over the exact same thing. For example in ancient Chinese religion
there is a sky god, just like the sky god in ancient Egyptian religion. Another similarity that both
religions have in common with each other is that each religion has it's own "high god" that rules
above all of the other gods. For the Chinese it is Shang–Ti, the supreme god who rules above

Multiple Religions In China
China is a multi–confessional country, meaning they tolerate multiple religions. The people have the
freedom to believe what they want to believe. The main religions in China include Buddhism,
Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Confucianism, and Christianity. Buddhism is a religion
that originated in India, and was passed on when they migrated there after China came out of
isolation. China has approximately nine thousand five hundred Buddhism temples and monasteries.
Most were built over two thousand years ago. The most widespread religion in China is Taoism,
which was founded in China. Taoism teaches "the way of things". It's a Chinese folk religion. They
live on the ordinance of Tao. Another widespread religion in China

Cultural Religions In Ancient China
In ancient china there were two main cultural religions.These were Taoism and Buddhism. Taoism is
China's oldest religion. At one time, the land called China was the home of numerous peoples with
different racial origins. All these ethnic groups probably had their own special gods and religious
beliefs. Over time, kingdoms and empires grew in various areas and started incorporating more and
more people into them. One common theme in these kingdoms and empires was a belief in life after
death as can be seen in ancient tombs all over China. So people had to pay homage to and care for
the dead. Some Chinese have fear of the dead, and they try to obey the dead or appease them.
Another idea that is very strong in Chinese philosophy is as Chinese

Religion in China and India
RELIGIONS IN CHINAAND INDIA
There are many different religions in both China and India. The most popular religions in China are
ancient Confucianism and Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Protestant, Catholic, and a new form of
religion Falun Gong. India has many religions that are different or the same as the Chinese. Indian
religions include: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism. There are also
many people from China that do not follow a religion because of its communist background. K 'ung
Fu Tzu or, Confucius, was born in 551 BC in the state of Lu in China. He traveled throughout China
giving advice to its rulers and teaching. His teachings and writings dealt with morality and ethics.
His teachings also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He began preaching the way to enlightenment and God after receiving a vision. After his death a
series of nine Gurus, regarded as reincarnations of Guru Nanak. Led the movement until 1708. At
this time these functions passed to the Panth and the holy text. This text, the Shri Guru Granth
Sahib, was finished by the tenth Guru, Gobind Singh. It consists of hymns and writings of the first
10 Gurus, along with texts from different Muslim and Hindu

Empress Wu's Leadership In The Zhou-Tang Dynasty
Buddhism and the "Extended" 18th Century in China: A Cultural Analysis of the Rise of Buddhist
Governing Policies and the Anti–Patriarchal Modernism of Empress Wu's Leadership in the
Zhou/Tang Dynasty
This cultural study will define the cultural aspects of Chinese history through the rise of Buddhist
policies and anti–patriarchal modernism in the leadership of Empress Wu during the tang Dynasty.
Wu's leadership defines the increasingly powerful application of Buddhist governmental policies,
which defied the traditional patriarchy of Confucian traditions. Empress Wu is an example of a
unique cultural adaption of matriarchal power that was forged through Buddhist training Emperor
Gaozong. These Buddhist governmental policies helped to provide ... Show more content on
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More so, the dominance of Confucian governing principles and legalities were a major barrier to
Wu's adoption of Buddhist principles as a form of governing ideology. However, she was able to
gain more access to changes in legal codes through Emperor Gaozong's support of Buddhist
ideology within this primarily patriarchal Confucian culture. These Buddhist values tended to bring
about a increasingly powerful way to validate the role of a woman in positions of power in the
government. For Empress Wu, the idea of Buddhist teachings on governance allowed her to validate
the historical premise of these values over those of the Confucian philosophical codes of the

China Religion Impact

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