2. It includesall types of live flames,causes
of
sparks, hot objects, and chemicals that are
potential for ignition.
It includes all types of potential threats to fire
prevention practices, fire fighting, built-in fire
safety systems and situations that restrict the
escape of people from an affected building.
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
3. 1. All types of flames used for any
work
Common Fire
Hazards
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
2. Electric wires, higher loads, loose
connections and old electrical equipment.
3. All cooking and heat generating appliances
4. All works and situations where fire is
essential such as welding, cutting, metal
casting etc.
4. Common Fire
Hazards
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
5) Improper storage of tools, equipment and
items during and at the end of the day’s work.
6. Smoking and personal lighters and matches.
7. Fireworks, pyro-techniques,ammunitions and
explosives.
8. Improper and unauthorized storage of
flammable and hazardous materials and
chemicals especially the flammable ones.
5. Common Fire
Hazards
9. Insufficientcapacityand numbersof
emergency
exits and stairs.
10. Hindrance to sight or reach fighting
equipment,
markings and alarm system.
11. Insufficient numbers and types of fire
extinguishers
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
12. Absence of fire detection and alarm system
13. Violation of building and fire codes.
6. Elements of the Fire
Triangle
Fire triangle or combustion triangle is a
simple model for understanding the necessary
ingredients for most fires.
Heat, fuel and an oxidizing agent
A fire naturally occurs when the elements are
present and combined in the right mixture,
meaning that the fire is actually an event rather
than a thing.
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
7. Top Causes of
Fire
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
Cookingequipment is the leading causeof
home structure fires and home fire
injuries.
Smoking is the leading cause of civilian fire
deaths.
Heating equipment is the second most
common cause of home fire fatalities.
8. Kitchen
Stoves
When left unattended .
Electric cords, curtains, tea towels and even
cloths are so close to the stove top.
When long flowing sleeves are contacting
gas flames
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
9. Faulty
Wiring
Capacity overload
If installation was not done by qualified
electrician
correct fuses were not
If safety switches
and installed
Smoking in
Bed
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
Smokingin bed can causefire – tiny embers can
smolder unnoticed and burst into flame much
later.
10. Lighti
ng
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
Poor light fittings can cause heat build up
Lampshades are so close to light
globesand lamp bases that can
be knocked over easily.
Recessed down lights are not
properly insulated from wood
paneling or ceiling timbers.
11. Flammable
Liquids
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
When flammable liquids such as petrol,
kerosene, methylated spirits are not stored
properly. Storage should be away from heat.
Unsafehandlingand use of flammableliquids is
a potential fire hazard
12. Candl
es
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
When candlesare left unattended. Do not
sleep with a burning candle.
When curtains and other flammable items are
close to burning candles.
13. Childre
n
When children are playing with fire. Keep all
matches, lighters and candles out of reach of
small children
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
Childrenare not well oriented about fire
hazards
and fire safety.
14. Basic Response Procedures during a Fire
Incident
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
R – Rescue: Rescue people from the
immediate
area of smoke and/or fire. Make people aware
that there is a fire alarm activation or actual fire
within the building.
A - Alarm: Activate the nearest fire alarm
station.
When telephone is available, call the Police or
Fire
Department hotlines. Provide
your
name
, location of emergency,
telephone number
exac
t
from
which you are calling and type of emergency
you are reporting.
15. Basic Response Procedures during a Fire
Incident
C – Contain: Contain the smoke or fire by
closing all windows and doors to rooms,
stairways and corridors.
E - Extinguish: Extinguish the fire using the
appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire
being fought.
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
This is to control fire and smoke from spreading
.
16. Basic Response Procedures during a Fire
Incident
Remarks: Only attempt to fight the
fire if you are comfortable
using a fire extinguisher and the fire is
small, contained, and not spreadingbeyond
the immediate area.
R - Relocate: Relocate to safe area.
When inside building, relocate outside of
the building and away from the main
entrance.
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
Do not use elevators, within the building as a
means of exit. Use the stairways, only.
17. Basic Response Procedures during a Fire
Incident
S - Secure: Secure first important documents,
money and heirlooms when fire brakes out
inside your own residence.
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
These things are easier to take as you go out
from the house than the appliances which can
be replaced easily.
18. Fire Emergency and
Evacuation Plan
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
is a written document which includes the action
to be taken by all staff in the event of fire and
the arrangements for calling the fire brigade.
salient
components:
Fire evacuation
strategy
Action on discovering a
fire
Action on hearing the fire
alarm
19. Fire Emergency and
Evacuation Plan
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
salient
components:
Calling the fire
brigade
Power/process
isolation
Identification of key escape
routes
Fire
marshals
Places of assembly and roll
call
20. Fire Emergency and
Evacuation Plan
Chapter 8: Fire Hazards – SHS
salient
components:
Fire fighting equipment
provided
Training
required
Personal Emergence Evacuation
Plan
Liaison with emergency
services
