The document discusses the need for and viability of 100G networking. It outlines three key reasons for 100G adoption: meeting exponential capacity growth, enabling new services, and allowing for efficient network evolution. While fiber impairments pose challenges, modulation techniques and standards development are making 100G networking possible without wholesale network replacement. Recent demonstrations show 100G's technical feasibility, and most networks will require 100G by 2012 as 10G and 40G capacities are saturated.

1. Practical and Possible
100G Networking
Chris Janson
March 31, 2009
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2. Today’s speaker
Chris Janson
Sr. Product Manager
Ciena Communications
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3. Agenda
Practical and Possible:
100G Networking
 Three reasons for 100G
 Making it possible:
 Optical fiber issues
 Compensation and modulation
 Standards
 Making it practical
 Recent demonstrations
 Coming trends and predictions
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4. Agenda
Practical and Possible:
100G Networking
 Three reasons for 100G
 Making it possible:
 Optical fiber issues
 Compensation and modulation
 Standards
 Making it practical
 Recent demonstrations
 Coming trends and predictions
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5. Three reasons why 100G will change your
business:
 Meet the need to expand capacity
 Open the door to new services and applications
 Allow efficient network evolution
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6. Meet the need to expand capacity
Sustained capacity demand is best met through 100G networks
Source: Infonetics
OFC/NFOEC 2008, Service Provider Summit, “Next Generation Core Optical Networking Directions”, Chuck
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Kalmanek, Vice President, Internet and Network Systems Res., AT&T Labs, USA

7. Open the Door for New Services
Enterprise, Government, R&E Consumer
Layer 3 VPN Services
Mobile Services
Residential
Services
Optical/Wavelength Services
Ethernet Services
Multimedia/3Play Infrastructure
IP/MPLS Infrastructure
Ethernet Infrastructure
Optical Infrastructure
Newer, smarter service challenge the network infrastructure
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8. Efficient Network Evolution
Bandwidth thirsty applications will require 10G and 40G IP router interfaces
•
Transport backbones built on multiple 10G waves are nearing capacity
•
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9. Efficient Network Evolution
• High bandwidth applications fuel demand for Ethernet based networks
• Packet and circuit data rates merge at 10Gb/s
Industry rapidly standardizing 100G components
•
100G offers best capacity increase and economy of scale
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10. Poll Question
of the following best describes your network’s fastest data rate?
Which
 10G or lower
 10G with plans to upgrade to 40G
 40G in-service, not certain about future need
 40G in-service, immediate need for 100G
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11. Agenda
Practical and Possible:
100G Networking
 Three reasons for 100G
 Making it possible:
 Optical fiber issues
 Compensation and modulation
 Standards
 Making it practical
 Recent demonstrations
 Coming trends and predictions
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12. Why use optical fiber?
Fiber is light, small and carries more information further
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13. Copper vs. Fiber-optics
Loss vs. Length and Bandwidth
Coax Length (ft)
Fiber-optic Link Length
Micro-coax Utiflex
(0 – 10,000 ft)
0
-10
20
-20
50
-30
-40
Gain (dB)
100
-50
-60
-70
-80
200
-90
-100
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Frequency (GHz)
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14. Chromatic Dispersion
• The propagation of light in a fiber is based on its wavelength
• At 10Gbps and above, severely limits usable distance
• Dispersion compensating fiber corrects this
• Transmitter design (ie: output laser spectrum) directly affects ability to
tolerate chromatic dispersion
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15. Polarization Mode Dispersion
As light moves through fiber, each polarization mode moves with a slightly different
speed. The receiver will add these two modes together, impairing reception
http://www.corning.com/opticalfiber/discovery_center/fiber101/pm_dispersion.aspx
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16. Fiber plant issues
• Bit-rate upgrades must be compatible with existing infrastructure
• Adding capacity requires an increase in spectral efficiency: 100G must be
single wavelength
Inverse multiplexing increases
•
complexity
Network engineering becomes
•
difficult
• Many techniques allow higher bit rates over embedded fiber plant
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17. Modulation techniques
Technique Application Pros/Cons Implementation
Metro reach, ≤10G
Non-Return to Zero Simple, low cost/
(NRZ) PMD sensitive, ltd
reach
Differential Phase Shift Long haul/ Ultra Receiver sensitivity,
long haul, ≤ 40G
Keying reach / moderate
(DPSK) complexity
Differential Quadrature Metro, regional, Enables true 100G /
Phase Shift Keying <1Km, 40G, 100G vulnerable to PMD
(DQPSK) LAN
Polarization Regional, long haul, Single wave 100G,
100G
Multiplexed DQPSK PMD tolerant / ULH
(PM-DQPSK) limited
Polarization multiplex transmitter with
PM-DQPSK with Long haul/ Ultra Best sensitivity & coherent receiver
coherent detection long haul, 100G reach, dispersion
(PM-QPSK w/coh. RX) tolerant / complexity
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18. Standards activities
IEEE 802.3 HSSG approved two MAC rates:

 40 GbE and 100GbE
 Preserves 802.3 Ethernet frame
 Supports OTN
ITU SG15 is investigating rates >40Gbps

 Approved extending G.709 OTN to OTU-4 (proposals at 112 and 130
Gbps)
OIF

 Components industry effort
 Photonic integration
 FEC for ULH
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19. Agenda
Practical and Possible:
100G Networking
 Three reasons for 100G
 Making it possible:
 Optical fiber issues
 Compensation and modulation
 Standards
 Making it practical
 Recent demonstrations
 Coming trends and predictions
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20. Ciena CN4200 RS 100G demonstration
H-Channel
1 PolDemux
Module per 112G
Transceiver
V-Channel
2” Wide with a Client and
Line Side PWA per Module
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21. 100G client & line modules
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22. Supercomputing ’08 demonstration
1 Petabyte of data transfer in 12hours on 1 wavelength
Single Wavelength 100G @ 50Ghz Spacing
ROADM Compliant
Asynchronous Multiplexing 10x10G
Any 10G Client on Any Port
100G 8dB+ Enhanced FEC
Polarization Multiplexed
RZ-DQPSK Modulation Format
Commercial Form Factor
Not Inverse Multiplexing
Not 2 x 40G
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23. Optical capacity timeline
System Capacity
80x100G
(Tbps)
6
5 50% Growth
Traffic growing
4 40x100G
through 40G per 
10G not adequate between 2010-12
3 between 2009-10
30% Growth
2
40x40G
1
80x10G
50chx10G
Today 2H08 1H09 2H09 1H10 2H10 1H11 2H11 1H12 2H12
10G  10G Maturity Inefficient Inefficient Inefficient
40G  Introduced 40G Deployed 40G Maturity
100G  Not Available Not Available Introduced 100G Growth
Rapid growth is stretching network resources
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Animated

24. Summary
Summary
• Why 100G?
 Exponential capacity growth- 100G meets the need
 New services challenge the infrastructure- 100G meets the challenge
 Need for efficient network evolution- 100G complies
• Embedded network presents challenges to 100G upgrade, but:
 Fiber impairments can be overcome
 Upgrade to 100G is possible without rip/replace
 Standards and aggregate demand will drive economies of scale
• Recent demonstrations prove viability of 100G networking
• 100G will be needed by industry soon-
 Demand saturates 10G backbones in 2009-10 and 40G in 2010-12
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25. Questions??
For information about our next webinar, please visit us on the web:
www.ciena.com/virtualseminarseries
Chris Janson
cjanson@ciena.com
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