Knowledge based systems use artificial intelligence to solve problems that normally require human expertise by drawing on knowledge captured from human experts in a knowledge base, represented through rules, objects, and cases. They are used for tasks like diagnosis, interpretation, design, monitoring, and control by encoding expert knowledge and reasoning through rule-based or case-based systems. Developing a knowledge based system involves determining the problem characteristics, encoding the domain knowledge, and designing an interface and inference engine to query the knowledge base and glean insights to support decisions.
1. Knowledge Based System and
Representation(Expert System)
Prof. Neeraj Bhargava
Kapil Chauhan
Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering & Systems Sciences
MDS University, Ajmer
2. WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM
KBS is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence
to solve problems within a specialized domain that
ordinarily requires human expertise
Examples : expert systems
Typical tasks of an expert system:- classification, diagnosis,
monitoring, design, scheduling, and planning for
specialized tasks.
3. KBS AS REAL-WORLD PROBLEM SOLVERS
A KBS draws upon the knowledge of human experts captured
in a knowledge-base to solve problems that normally require
human expertise
Uses Heuristic (cause-and-effect) rather than algorithms
Two approaches are used: Rule based reasoning, Code based
reasoning
Rule-based reasoning : Systems encode expert knowledge as
rules
Case-based reasoning : Systems encode expert knowledge as
cases
5. KBS AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
Diagnosis - Identification about a problem
Interpretation – Understanding of a situation from
available information
Design – Develops configurations that satisfy constraints of
the problem
Monitoring – Checks performance & flags inconsistencies
Control – Collects & evaluate evidence from opinions on
that evidence
Debugging – Identifies and prescribes remedies for
malfunctions
6. DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM
Determining characteristics of the problem
To describe problem, knowledge engineer and domain
expert work together
Knowledge engineer : A computer scientist that design and
implement programs that incorporate AI techniques
Knowledge Engineer job : translate knowledge into
computer usable language, designs an inference engine,
integrate use of uncertain knowledge in the reasoning
process, determine useful explanation to end user
Domain expert : An individual who has significant expertise
in the domain of the expert system being developed.
7. Interface
• Enables users to query the knowledge based system
Inference Engine
• Interacts with the knowledge base to glean insights to support decisions
Knowledge Base
• Expert knowledge encoded as rules
• Solutions to old problems represented as cases
KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
8. WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION?
Part of AI which concerned with AI agents thinking and how
thinking contributes to intelligent behavior of agents
Make computer understand the real world information to
solve the complex real world problems such as diagnosis a
medical condition, communicating humans in natural
language
Knowledge representation enables an intelligent machine to
learn from that knowledge and experiences so that it can
behave intelligently like a human.
9. APPROACHES TO KNOWLEDGE
REPRESENTATION
Simple relational knowledge
Simplest way of storing facts and each fact about a set of the
object is set out systematically in columns
Use in database system where the relationship between
different entities is represented
Inheritable knowledge
In this, all data stored into hierarchy of classes
This approach contains inheritable knowledge
This shows a relation between instance and class, and it is
called instance relation
10. APPROACHES TO KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
Inferential knowledge
Represents knowledge in the form of formal logics
Use to derive more facts
Procedural knowledge
This approach use small programs and codes which describes
how to do specific things, and how to proceed
Rule used : If-Then rule
Coding languages used : LISP language and Prolog language