2. 3.1 Research Design
This part identifies and describes the method/s of research
and includes a discussion of its appropriateness to the present
study.
The source of the method/s used must be properly acknowledged.
3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH DESIGN AND
RESEARCH METHOD
Research design - is a plan to answer your research question.
Research method - is a strategy used to implement that plan.
4. Research design and methods are different but closely related,
because good research design ensures that the data you obtain
will help you answer your research question more effectively.
5. Research Design
Identifies and describes the methods of research and
includes a discussion of its appropriateness to the present study.
6. WHICH RESEARCH METHOD SHOULD I CHOOSE?
• Observation / Participant Observation
• Surveys
• Interviews
• Focus Groups
• Experiments
• Secondary Data Analysis / Archival Study
• Mixed Methods (combination of some of the above)
7. WHAT OTHER FACTORS SHOULD I CONSIDER WHEN
CHOOSING ONE METHOD OVER ANOTHER?
• Time for data collection and analysis is something you want to consider.
• An observation or interview method, so-called qualitative approach, helps
you collect richer information, but it takes time.
• Using a survey helps you collect more data quickly, yet it may lack
details. So, you will need to consider the time you have for research and
the balance between strengths and weaknesses associated with each
method (e.g., qualitative vs. quantitative).
8. HOW TO CREATE A RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design is a framework for planning your research and answering your research
questions. Creating a research design means making decisions about:
• The type of data you need
• The location and timescale of the research
• The participants and sources
• The variables and hypotheses (if relevant)
• The methods for collecting and analyzing data
9. SAMPLE OF HOW TO WRITE RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Design
The research study aims to identify the relationship between perceptions of
STEM students on hands-on activities and their level of understanding in
Chemistry lessons to determine student’s attitudes towards Chemistry subject.
Exploratory research inquiry was administered in order to explore beyond the students’
perceptions on hands-on activities and on how they deal with the concepts of the
lessons. Cross-sectional research design was used to collect data from a cross-section
of a population at one point in time. This research design was used to look for and
determine the relationship between the twovariables of the study and to test out ideas
and hypotheses
10. 3.2 Research Locale
This part identifies and describes the place/s where the study was
conducted.
11. SAMPLE ON HOW TO WRITE THE RESEARCH LOCAL
Research Locale
The study was conducted at Marinduque National High School, a
DepEd managed partially urban secondary public school and a mother
school of all secondary public school in Marinduque. This school comprises
Senior High School and offers two tracks which are Academic and Technical
Vocational Tracks. Under Academic Track are General Academic Strand
(GAS) and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Stand
(STEM).
12. 3.3 Population and Sampling
This composes of the population and sample involved in the study
and must include a discussion of the specific sampling technique
used and the justification on its use.
This part also contains the description of the demographic profile
of the respondents that must be presented in a tabular form.
13. SAMPLE POPULATION, SAMPLE AND SAMPLING DESIGN
The target population of the study involves Grade 12 STEM (
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Senior High School
Students in total of 107 students specifically STEM 1 with 35, STEM 2 with
32 students and STEM3 with 40 students. Using Slovin’s formula the
researchers calculated the sample size from 107. The researchers got 84 as
the sample size. Hence, in answering the questionnaire at least 84 students
answered questionnaires are expected to return.
15. SAMPLE STATEMENT ON RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
The research instrument was used for data gathering consisting close and
open-ended questions. It has 20 items to be answered specifically ten (10) for the
perceptions of students on Chemistry Hands-on Activities and ten (10) for the students’
level of understanding in Chemistry lessons. For the level of understanding of students
in Chemistry lesson they were asked to state their reasons why did they answer that
letter. The research instrument adapted the student’s questionnaire of Mwangi’s
research (2016) entitled “Effect of Chemistry Practicals on Students’ performance in
Chemistry in Public Secondary Schools of Machakos and Nairobi counties in Kenya”
and Mulford’s Chemical concept Inventory.
The research instrument was administered to measure student’s knowledge
and understanding about various concepts that are inclined with thelaboratory and
analytical knowledge.
16. This part (Research Instrumentation) discusses the construction,
validation, and administration of the research instrument/s such as
survey questionnaires, interview guides/, etc.; the description of
the parts of the instrument.
Use of RESEARCH INSTRUMENT EVALUATION FORM in
consulting an expert in the validation of the instrument.
17. SAMPLE STATEMENT ON CONTENT VALIDATION OF THE
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The Master Teachers in science from Marinduque National High
School were the validators of the research instrument. The validators
assessed the relevance of the content of the questionnaire. The
questionnaires for content validation were distributed to the validators on
September 18, 2017 and were collected three (3) days after. Revisions were
made after the content validation considering the comments and suggestion
of the teachers.
18. SAMPLE STATEMENT ON CONSTRUCT VALIDATION OF THE
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The Grade 11 Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM)students of Marinduque National High
School SY 2017-2018 served as the validators in the test run of
the instrument. The questionnaires were distributed to the Grade
11 STEM Students on September 25, 2017 and were collected
after two (2) days.
19. Among the specific random/ probability sampling techniques,
the study used simple random sampling to determine the
participants. This sampling was used to ensure a fairly equal
selection on the population size and in accordance to the
requirements of the research study.
20. 3.5 Data Gathering Procedure
Contains the procedures to be followed in conducting the
study. The procedures must be chronologically discussed.
21. 3.6 Statistical Treatment of Data/Data Analysis
3.6.1 Statistical Treatment for Quantitative Research
3.6.2 Data Analysis for Qualitative Research
This part describes briefly how the data collected are to be
statistically treated. The appropriate statistical tool/s to be used
must be discussed according to the problems (for quantitative
research) and the methods or theory to be applied for data
analyses (for qualitative research).
