Chapter 3 thesis

1. CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURE
This chapter presents the research design, setting of the study, subject of the
study, sources of data, procedure of the study, and statistical treatment of the data.
Methods of Research
In this study, the researchers used quantitative research. Highlights the variety of methods that
were used in quantitative research, including the methodical analysis of social issues utilizing data that
is either numerical or statistical. As a result, quantitative research involves assuming and measuring.
And the study's phenomena can be measured. The best research techniques are quantitative methods
that deal with everything that can be dealt with in an organized manner and in a quantitative form means
looking into a phenomenon. It provides justification in response to inquiries, justifying relationships
with measurable variables to explain, predict or control phenomena (Roger 2015).
Quantitative research is a type of research that uses numerical data to answer questions.
Quantitative research methods are the best way to study anything that can be measured in a
systematic and quantitative way. Researchers use Quantitative research to justify the significant
relationship between Computational thinking and critical thinking.
The researcher chooses quantitative design instead of qualitative for the given reasons. Firstly,
Assessment in education is often used to measure what an individual knows and can do. This type of
assessment is well-suited to quantitative research, which uses numerical data to measure and analyze
variables. Second, Likert scale surveys are closed-ended, meaning respondents choose from a pre-
determined set of response options. This makes them quick and easy to complete and can be used to
collect data from large samples. Third, Quantitative research is less prone to measurement error than
qualitative research. Measurement error occurs when the instrument used to measure a variable is not
accurate or reliable. This can lead to inaccurate results.

2. Quantitative research is a type of research that uses numerical data to answer questions.
Quantitative research methods are the best way to study anything that can be measured in a systematic
and quantitative way. Researchers use Quantitative research to justify the significant relationship
between Computational thinking and critical thinking. The researchers chose this because its
compatible to our research instruments such as assessment and questionnaire. Also, Quantitative
research is less prone to measurement error than qualitative research. Measurement error occurs when
the instrument used to measure a variable is not accurate or reliable. This can lead to inaccurate results.
Setting of the Study
The investigation was carried out in Greenfield Montessori School's primary location, located in
Barangay Katipunan Bayani, Tanay, Rizal along E. Rodriguez Avenue. This academic institution offers
childhood, elementary, junior high school, and senior high school programs that aim to enhance and
develop students' abilities and skills in recognizing the value of education.
Ang lugar na kukunan namin ng impormasyon para sa aming research ay ang Greenfield
Montessori School na matatagpuan sa baranggay katipunan bayani tanay, rizal sa e rodriguez avenue.
Subject of the Study
The subjects of the study are the selected STEM students from Greenfield Montessori School -
Tanay Main Campus. The researchers will use snowball sampling, a non-probability sampling method
in which they will start with a small group of respondents and ask each respondent to refer other
potential respondents ( Kassiani Nikolopoulou, 2023)
In getting the sample, The respondents for this study were selected through the snowball
sampling technique which provides a range of methods that enable to reduction of the amount of
data needed to collect by considering only data from the STEM students in both Grade Eleven (11)
and Grade Twelve (12) where we will select Thirthy (30) students out of an estimated number of
Three hundred fifty-five (355) students in the STEM strand.

3. Sa subject po ng study is referring to specific group of students. In our research the subject of our
study is ang mga STEM students both Grade 11 and Grade 12 from Greenfield Montessori School -
Tanay Main Campus. Ang respondent po sa study na ito is chosen using the sampling technique which
is the snowball sampling kung saan, Ang mapipili po naming respondents is mag re-refer or mag re
recommend ng other potential respondents. We mentioned that we will selected 30 students out of an
estimated total of 355 students sa STEM strand.
Research Procedure
The Researchers make various efforts while they carry out the study. The Researchers began to
develop a plan for their title proposal for the various topics after considering several options.
Each group member shared some of their thoughts, came up with four titles, followed by, the
direction of their research adviser, and defended them at the end of May 2023.
After having the title defense, they came up with the title “Computational thinking: A pathway to
strengthening the critical thinking skills of selected STEM students in Greenfield Montessori school -
Tanay main campus S.Y. 2023-2024”.
After deciding on the study's topic, the researchers began to gather multiple facts, articles, and
related data from the internet to fill in the gaps.
Following the completion, the researchers got to work on the assessment and questionnaire that
will serve as their main data sources. The first two (2) chapters were completed by the Researchers
within three (3) to four (4) weeks.
As part of the data-gathering protocol, the researcher will seek first consent from the research
participants. The consent is a mechanism to assure that the participants understand the purpose of
participating in the research study to decide on their answers to the questions deliberately (Mack et al.,
2005).
The researcher will obtain oral consent from participants by personally discussing the research with
them, explaining the purpose of the study, and assuring them that their data will be kept confidential.

4. The primary sources of data for this study will be an assessment and a survey questionnaire. The
assessment will measure participants' prior knowledge of computational thinking concepts and skills,
as well as their ability to apply these concepts and skills to solve problems and think critically in the
areas of decomposition, abstraction, pattern recognition, and algorithmic thinking. After the
assessment, researchers will distribute a Likert scale questionnaire with the demographic profile to
gather responses from participants about their critical thinking skills. A Likert scale questionnaire is a
type of survey that asks respondents to rate their level of agreement with a statement or their opinion
on a scale.
Here in our research procedure is dini demonstrate namin kung paano ang naging planning
process ang aming research. And it starts with the exploration of our four different title options na ki-
nonduct namin at the end of may 2023. And in title defense, they ultimately selected our title focused
po sa pag enhance ng Critical thinking skills ng mga STEM STUDENTS gamit ang computational
thinking activities. Afterward, nag gathered na po kami ng mga information from various sources,
including facts, articles, and online data, so to bolster our study, we completed the initial two chapters
of our study within a relatively brief period of three to four weeks. As part of data-gathering protocol the
researcher will seek first consent from the research participants with the use of oral consent. And the
primary sources of data will be an computational thinking assessment and a survey-questionnaire.
Sources of Data
The researcher will use an assessment and a survey questionnaire to collect data for this study.
The assessment is a validated Computational Thinking GCSE Computer Science assessment that will
be used to measure participants' prior knowledge of computational thinking concepts and skills, as well
as their ability to apply these concepts and skills to solve problems. The assessment is divided into four
sections, each of which corresponds to one of the four strategies of computational thinking:
decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking. Section 1 (decomposition)
has one statement and three correct answers. Section 2 (pattern recognition) has four items. Section

5. 3 (abstraction) has six items. Section 4 (algorithmic thinking) has four items per statement, for a total
of twenty-two items.
After completing the assessment, respondents will answer a 25-item survey questionnaire designed
to collect data and information about their critical thinking skills. The questionnaire is composed of
closed-ended questions that respondents will answer based on their level of agreement. The questions
in both the assessment and the questionnaire are relevant to senior high school STEM students at
Greenfield Montessori School Tanay Main Campus in the 2023-2024 school year. The researcher will
use the assessment and survey questionnaire to investigate the relationship between computational
thinking activities and improved critical thinking skills.
The level of agreement that computational thinking can strengthen critical thinking skills will be
assessed using the following rating scale.
Scale Range Level of Agreement
4 3.25 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.5 – 3.25 Agree
2 1.75 – 2.5 Disagree
1 1.0 -1.75 Strongly Disagree
The researcher will use an assessment and a survey questionnaire to collect data from senior high
school STEM students at Greenfield Montessori School Tanay Main Campus in the 2023-2024 school
year. The assessment Is a validated computational thinking GCSE Computer Science Assessment that
will measure participants' prior knowledge of computational thinking concepts and skills, as well as their
ability to apply these concepts and skills to solve problems. The assessment is divided into four
sections, each of which corresponds to one of the four strategies of computational thinking:
decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking. The survey questionnaire will
collect data and information about participants' critical thinking skills. The researcher will use the

6. assessment and survey questionnaire to investigate the relationship between computational thinking
activities and improved critical thinking skills. The level of agreement that computational thinking can
strengthen critical thinking skills will be assessed using the following rating scale.
Statistical Treatment of Data
1. To determine the demographic profile of respondents and teachers and in terms of grade level,
section, age frequency, rank and percentage distribution were used.
2. To determine the Computational thinking skills of selected STEM students at Greenfield
Montessori School, Tanay Main Campus, for the Academic Year 2023-2024. The researchers
will use a four-section assessment, aligned with the four strategies of computational thinking:
decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking.
3. To determine the Significant relationship of Computational thinking strengthening the critical
thinking skills of selected STEM students at Greenfield Montessori School, Tanay Main Campus,
for the Academic Year 2023-2024. The researcher will use a survey questionnaire and the
Spearman rank correlation coefficient to analyze the data.
Age frequency is the number of people in a given age group. 13 years old: 10 students 14 years old: 15
students Percentage distribution is the percentage of people in a given group who fall into a particular
category. 13 years old: 10% 14 years old: 15% To determine the Computational thinking skills ng mga
stem students ay mag co conduct ng Computational thinking Assessment’ To determine the significant
relationship of the 2 main variables. Researchers will conduct Survey-questionnaire and analyze it with
spearman rank correlation The spearman's rank order correlation measure the strength of a monotonic
relation between paired Daya (Independent and dependent) If we find that the Spearman treatment has
Strong positive correlation between our variables, it means that there is statistically relationship and the
correlations is not due to chance.