Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. The fibers, which are usually glass, carbon, basalt or aramid, increase the strength and stiffness of the polymer. FRP has high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and design flexibility. It is used in applications like pipes, walkways, and construction where these properties are beneficial. However, FRP has low strength perpendicular to the fibers and complex manufacturing requirements.

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2. FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)
• Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) also known as Fiber Reinforced Polymer.
• It’s is a type of plastic in which the strength of low strength plastic
material is increased by means of high strength of fibers.
• COMPOSITION:
 It’s a composite material constituting a polymer matrix blended
with certain reinforcing materials such as fibers.
 The fibers are generally basalt, carbon, glass or aramid & in
certain cases asbestos, wood or paper can also be used.
 It is polymer that is reinforced with fibre.
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3. • USE:
 The primary function of fibre reinforcement is to carry the load
along the length of the fiber and to provide strength and stiffness
in one direction. It replaces metallic materials in many structural
applications where load-carrying capacity is important.
 The use of FRP in engineering applications enables engineers to
obtain significant achievements in the functionality, safety and
economy of construction because of their mechanical properties
• TYPES:
 GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER (GFRP)
Glass fibres are basically made by mixing silica sand, limestone, folic
acid and other minor ingredients. The mix is heated until it melts at
about 1260°C.
 CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER (CFRP)
Carbon fibres have a high modulus of elasticity, 200-800 GPa. The
ultimate elongation is 0.3-2.5 % where the lower elongation
corresponds to the higher stiffness and vice versa.
 ARAMID FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER (AFRP)
Aramid is the short form for aromatic polyamide. The modulii of the
fibres are 70-200 GPa with an ultimate elongation of 1.5-5%
depending on the quality. Aramid has a high fracture energy and is
therefore used for helmets and bullet-proof garments.
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FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)

4. • PROPERTIES:
 High Strength/Weight Ratio
 Orientated Strength
 Design Flexibility
 Lightweight
 Corrosion Resistance
 Low Maintenance/Durable
 Large Part Size Possible
 Tailored Aesthetic Appearance
 Dimensional Stability
 Low Thermal Conductivity
 Low Installed Costs
• APPLICATIONS:
 Carbon FRPs are used in prestressed concrete for applications
where high resistance to corrosion and electromagnetic
transparency of CFRP are important.
 Carbon fibre reinforced polymers are used to manufacture
underwater pipes for great depth because it provides a
significantly increased buoyancy.
 The stairways and walkways are also made of composites for
weight saving and corrosion resistance.
 It is used in high-performance hybrid structures.
 FRP bars are used as internal reinforcement for concrete
structures.
 FRP bars, sheets, and strips are used for strengthening of various
structures constructed from concrete, masonry, timber, and even
steel.
 FRPs are employed for seismic retrofitting.
 Fibre reinforced polymers are used in the construction of special
structures requiring electrical neutrality.
 The high energy absorption of aramid fibre reinforced polymer
(AFRP) composites makes them suitable for strengthening
engineering structures subjected to dynamic and impact loading.
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FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)

5. • ADVANTAGES:
 It is lightweight
 It has high strength
 It has high modulus of elasticity
 It has high resistance to fatigue failure
 It has good resistance to corrosion
• DIS-ADVANTAGES:
 Strength of FRP in a direction perpendicular to the fibers is
extremely low (up to 5%) compared with the strength along the
length of fibers
 The design of components made from FRP is complex
 The manufacturing and testing of FRP components is highly
specialized
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FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)

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SYNTHETIC RUBBER
• Synthetic rubber is a man-made rubber which is produced in
manufacturing plants by synthesizing it from petroleum and other
minerals.
• Synthetic rubber is basically a polymer or an artificial polymer. It has
the property of undergoing elastic stretchability or deformation under
stress but can also return to its previous size without permanent
deformation.
• USES :
 Synthetic rubber is preferred over natural rubber for some uses if
the price differential is not too great.
 The transport industry is the largest user of rubber for the
production of tires.
 Rubber is used by the construction industry in elevator belts,
hoses, tubes, and seismic bearings etc.
 Industries which produce consumer goods use rubber to make
good footwear, erasers and sports, etc.
 Polyisoprene synthesis is the artificial rubber which has identical
properties with those of natural rubber in the chemical
composition of ingredients used in its manufacture.

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SYNTHETIC RUBBER
• PROPERTIES:
 Better abrasion resistance
 Good Elasticity
 Better heat and aging resistance
 Electrical insulation material
 Flexible at low temperatures
 Flame retardant
 Resistant to grease& oil etc.
• APPLICATION:
 Tire industry (car, aircraft and bicycle tires)
 Drive belts
 Hoses
 Medical equipment
 Seals
 Floor coverings
 Conveyor belts
 Molded parts etc.
• ADVANTAGES:
 being more resistant to oil, certain chemicals and oxygen
 better aging (last longer) and weathering
 resilience over a wider temperature range
• DIS-ADVANTAGES:
 It has poor mechanical properties.
 Its tensile strength is quite weak.
 Tear strength is also very poor.
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