DB-MODEL

Document Based Data Modeling Technique
Janu Barot
Database System
Midterm Exam
Document based data modeling technique and relational technique
In todays era, the volume of data we manage has developed to terabytes. As the volume of data continues developing,
the sorts of data produced by applications get to be wealthier than some time recently. Subsequently, traditional
relational databases are tested to catch, visualize, seek, share, break down, and store data. We find many difficulties in
managing big data using traditional data modeling techniques. We still need an advance modeling techniques threw
which we can solve problems of managing big data. There are two types of data models in data base system one is
relational model and other is non ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Column–based or wide column NOSQL systems: These systems segment a table by column into column families
where every column family is put away in its own records. They additionally permit forming of data qualities. Chart
based NOSQL systems: Data is spoken to as graphs, and related hubs can be found by navigating the edges utilizing
way expressions Data with the accompanying attributes is appropriate for a NoSQL system firstly, Data volume
becoming quickly secondly, Columnar development of data then, Document and tuple data Lastly, Hierarchical and
graph data. Data with the accompanying qualities may be more qualified for a conventional relational database
management system is On–Line Transaction Processing required atomicity, consistency, disengagement, toughness
prerequisites (ACID) then Complex data relationship and Complex question prerequisites [2] Apache Cassandra are
example of BigTable–style Databases Oracle Coherence, Kyoto Cabinet is case of of Key–Value Stores. mongo DB
and Couch DB is example of document database and neo4j and flock dB is case of graph database. [4]. I have selected
document base data modeling to compare and contras with relational data modeling. Now before starting compare and
contras of document base data modeling and relational data modeling I would like to explain what does data modeling
and relational data modeling means. A data model is an accumulation of ideas that can be utilized to depict the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Relational Model For Data Storage
Abstract
The relational model, which uses predefined tabular relations to store data, has remained the preeminent model for
data storage since it was first implemented in the early 1980s. However, due to the proliferation of the Internet, today
data flows in and out of organizations quickly, and most of this data is in a semi–structured state that is designed for
communication over http. It is difficult to fit this complex data into a flat two dimensional array. For that reason, it is
imperative that companies have the ability to store data in a semi–structured format compatible with modern network
communications as well as various platforms and devices. The market has realized this and responded with document
stores that support formats, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the proliferation of the Internet in the late twentieth century has changed the database landscape rapidly and
drastically.
Today, interconnected networks around the globe stream data to a profusion of devices that range from powerful
mainframe supercomputers, and massive grids of commodity machines to smartphones and tiny single–board
computers embedded in home appliances. Most of the flow of data is done through the Internet or over other large
TCP/IP networks that utilize HTTP communications. For that reason, most of this data is in a semi–structured state
that is designed not for storage in a relational database, but for communication over HTTP. This data often arrives and
leaves in a voluminous stream. It is therefore difficult for organizations to convert the data quickly to and from a
format that is conforms to the rigid tabular structure of a relational schema.
Support for semi–structured data is integral to the collection and storage of data in the Internet age. While the
relational model is sill a good long term storage solution, organizations must be able to store and query semi–
structured data that is in a format compatible with HTTP communication because almost all modern devices use this
medium of communication. While XML can serve as a solution to this problem, JSON, a condensed format that is
based on the well–known JavaScript language, has many benefits over XML which I will

Questions On The And Football
E.g.:– Gagan plays football. In this sentence, Gagan is object, plays is his property and football is resource.
Football plays Gagan
Ontology: – Ontology is abbreviated as FESC which means Formal, Explicit, specification of shared
conceptualization. [11].
Formal specifies that it should be machine understandable. Explicit defines the type of constraints used in model.
Shared defines that ontology is not for individual, it is for group. Conceptualization means model of some
phenomenon that identifies relevant concept of that phenomenon.
Inference: – It is defined as producing new data from existing one or to reach some conclusion. E.g.: Adios is a French
word which is replaced by Good bye that is understandable by user.
Figure3:"SW Architecture"
3.3 Semantic Web Technologies
SW technologies are listed below:–
 XML: – XML is extensible language that allows users to create their own tags to documents. It provides syntax for
content structure within documents. XML Schema: – It is language for defining XML documents. XML document is a
tree.
 RDF: – It stands for Resource Description Framework. It is simple language to express data models which refers to
objects and their relationships. These models are called RDF Models.
Both XML and RDF deal with Metadata which is data about other data. Raw data is stored in some repository called
as Database Storage. Then Information Extraction techniques like KM solutions generate metadata. But in

Nt1330 Unit 1 Assignment
REPORT–1
Date: 09/04/2015
To: Dr. Songlin Tian
From: Yugandhar Kommineni
Subject: Internship report on iOS technology
SUMMARY:
Walkthrough the setup and version.
Xcode software installation.
Gather and analyze requirements.
Build an iOS application using Xcode software and objective–c language.
Work with design team to implement beautifully designed applications.
Worked on product documentation.
Outline:
I have started my internship in iOS technology which started on 17th august 2015. I have learned the tool Xcode
which is used to build the iOS applications and the language used to write the programs in Xcode is objective–c.
Xcode is an environment which contain many of software–development tools which is used to develop the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I installed xcode software on my machine and the current version we are using is Xcode 6.4. I have trained on basic
use of the programming in objective–c and developed an application. I have learned to develop an application for ios
in Xcode . In xcode I learned how to write code in the source editor, build an user interface, adding icons, images and
effects, run the application, debugging the application and testing the application. I got requirements such as the view
of the application as blueprint. I have used software tools inside the Xcode to build a view and write the programming
logic in objective–c language.
The tools inside the Xcode I have used are Textfield, Labels, UIimageview, Storyboard. By using these tools I have
sorted the information of the company and its location. I have gathered and analyzed requirements such as Xcode
tools and design. We have a view which is object–oriented view and we drag Xcode tools inside the view and we use
to set constraints for the tools inside the view to design beautifully and to run any ios devices such as ipad, iphone5
iphone 6. By using constraints we can view same in any devices without missing the

An Inverse Of A Relational Model
with range queries and bitmaps.
2.4 Column Store Model
In this model, data is stored in sections of columns instead of rows. This is almost an inverse of a relational model.
The names of the column need not be predefined, i.e. the structure isn 't fixed, which helps in great scalability and
performance. Columns in a row are stored in order according to their keys. A super–column also might be used which
is nothing but a column containing nested sub–columns.
2.4.1 Cassandra:
Apache Cassandra is open source NoSQL database and it was found in Facebook. Cassandra 's data model offers the
convenience of column indexes with the performance of log–structured updates. It provides horizontal scalability and
the downtime is lesser compared to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of using tables connected by keys, this model stores each record and its related data in the same document
thereby eliminating the need of JOIN queries as in a relational model. Whereas Cassandra is a column oriented data
model and each row in the table is not required to have same number of columns. The columns can be empty and it
can have any number of columns and thus there are wide rows. Cassandra consists of keyspaces similar to databases
to relational databases and column family that is similar to tables in relational databases.
Key value store is a concept of storing the data value inside a key and Redis uses this concept. A particular benefit of
key–value stores is their simplicity and It supports such as data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets
with range queries and bitmaps. Whereas in Neo4j, the application data is stored in the form graphs, nodes and
relationships. Neo4j Graph database follows Property Graph Model to store and manage data. Data has to be
represented in Nodes, Relationships and Properties. Relationships connects nodes and it can be unidirectional or
bidirectional. Properties are key–value pairs.
3.2 Replication Mode:
Replication is done in order to increase availability and not to provide a single point of failure. Different databases
follow different methods to

What A Nosql ( Not Only Sql ) Database And Document...
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 2
1.1 Purpose 2
1.2 Background 2
1.3 Resources 2
2. Body of Discussion 2
2.1 What are NoSQL Databases 2
2.2 CAP 2
2.3 Base 3
2.4 Polygot Persistence 3
2.5 MongoDB 4
Conclusion 4
References 4
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this report will be to understand what a NoSQL (Not Only SQL) database and document database is,
specifically MongoDB while looking at the document database.
1.2 Background
According to (Edlich, P. 2015) he states that "The original intention has been modern web–scale databases. The
movement began early 2009 and is growing rapidly." When describing why NoSQL databases were created.
1.3 Resources
This report will feature references to websites, books, slides and lecture documents for the information used.
2. Body of Discussion
2.1 What are NoSQL Databases
NoSQL databases are databases designed to run on clusters of computers/servers, built for the ever–increasing data
storage needs for websites. Devised as a way of scaling databases horizontally which is a challenge with traditional
relational databases. Scaling horizontally is the ability to add more computers/servers as nodes to a database. These
"clusters" work well with write–heavy systems and allow increase storage and processing power limited only by the
number of connections you can have on the network. Defined as No–Schema, No–SQL data structures mean they are
not limited to the original data structure. Objects and fields etc can be implemented at

Database And Unstructured Data Of A Business Perspective
1. Introduction
Nowadays, terabytes to petabytes of data that is been stored and transmitted by numerous sources and organizations
have realized that these data contain tangible value that has the potential to change the fortunes of a business. Top
firms leverage their business through the valuable insights gained through these data to assist them in their decision
making process. The huge chucks of data consists structured, semi structured and unstructured data. Organizations
have switched their focus more on exploring semi structured and unstructured data that is generated through social
media activities, personal media information and geo location data.
NoSQL database is a type of database that provides a means for storage and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In addition to its flexibility, these databases provides horizontal scalability and distributed computing that led to
adoption of NoSQL databases in the firms. The SQL databases uses Structured Query Language whereas NOSQL
databases use Unstructured Query Language which varies from database to database.
1.2 Features of NoSQL Databases:
Schema on Read: There is no definite schema on the underlying data in the databases and it leads to high flexibility on
the storage
Nonrelational: In traditional databases there are relations between the tables. For example, a list of transaction details
can be connected to a separate list of delivery details. With a NoSQL database, this information is stored as an
aggregate – a single record with everything about the transaction, including the delivery address
Commodity hardware: With a NoSQL database, cheap commodity hardware can be used. Adding more of these cheap
servers allows NoSQL databases to scale to handle more data.
Highly distributable: With a NoSQL database, a cluster of servers can be used to hold a single large database
2. Different Types of NOSQL databases
There are many types of non–relational databases but more often than not, they fall under one of the following
categories:
2.1 Document Model
In a document model, data is stored in documents. This uses a type of notation called JSON (JavaScript Object
Notation) and is closely associated with the object

4 Pilars of Object Oriented Design
De La Salle University–Dasmariñas College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology Engineering Department–
CPE FOUR PILARS OF OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN HOMEWORK NO.3 Submitted By: Depone, Carmela R.
CPE52 Submitted To: Mr. Dwight Sabio Instructor Date Submitted: August 4, 2014 ABSTRACTION A model of a
complex system that includes only the details essential to perspective of the viewer of the system or Only the
characteristics of the system that are essential to the problem being studied are modelled; minor or irrelevant details
are ignored. Example and Explanation * An abstraction is a model of a complex system that includes only the
essential details. * Abstractions are the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, in one way, inheritance actually breaks encapsulation! * As already mentioned, Encapsulation is the process
of packaging classes into the public interface and the private implementation. * In essence, a class hides everything
that is not necessary for other classes to know about. * It makes a case that when using inheritance, Encapsulation is
inherently weakened within a class hierarchy, Because it introduces a specific risk as Inheritance connotes strong
encapsulation with other classes but weak encapsulation between a superclass and its subclasses. * The problem is that
if you inherit an implementation from a super class and then change that implementation, the change from the super
class ripples through the class hierarchy. * This rippling effect potentially affects all the subclasses. At first, this might
not seem like a major problem; however, as we have seen, a rippling effect such as this can cause unanticipated
problems. * For example, testing can become a nightmare. * But with proper implementation of Encapsulation makes
testing systems easier. Reference [1] Encapsulation, updated last April, 2014, Available: http://guruzon.com/1/oop–
concepts/encapsulation/what–is–encapsulation–example–tutorial–how–to–use INHERITANCE Inheritance as its
name implies, involves inheriting attributes and behaviours from other

The Key Features Of The World Wide Webs Development Essay
Introduction
In this report I will be researching and reporting on the key features of the World Wide Webs development and
analysing the aspects of what made up the World Wide Web. The main subjects will be the WWW (World Wide Web),
HTML5, CSS3/ CSS box model and JavaScript including document object model. I will be exploring these subjects'
core principles, purposes, features, techniques and latest developments to display and further my knowledge of these
subjects and reinforce them with evidence.
Milestones in the history of the WWW
The World Wide Web was created in March 1989 by Tim Berners–Lee a British scientist working at CERN ("The
Birth of the Web | CERN"). CERN is an acronym of the French phrase "Conseil Européen pour la Recherche
Nucléaire" which translate to the European Organization for Nuclear Research. The World Wide Web was created to
share information between scientist and institutes worldwide. The World Wide Web is a series of computer networks
interconnected by Coaxial cable or fibre optic cables spanning underground and across the oceans. Tim Berners Lee
crated his first proposal for the World Wide Web in march 1989 see page 8 ("World Wide Web Born At CERN 25
Years Ago | CERN") for image of Tim Berners Lee Diagram for the World Wide Web.
The World Wide Web uses 3 protocols HTML (hypertext markup language), HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) and
URLS (uniform resource locator). HTML is the coding language of the World Wide Web and gives the ability to

My Love Letter Virus Code
Introduction
The code described is characterized as "I Love you virus" or "Love Letter Virus" it was a computer worm first spotted
in Asia, was then caught circulating and contaminating in millions of computer worldwide. (Knight, 2000)
Creator and his background
Suspect behind Love Letter virus code was Onel A.de Guzman's (age 23), since a similar thesis was rejected for his
graduation course at AMA Computer University in Makati, Philippines, it was made to steal password from the
internet, he and his friend Michael Buen both were members of underground group GRAMMERsoft from there they
illegally sold homework to other students from the college. (Sprinkel & Shannon, 2002; Ducklin, 2015)
Generalized Overview
It was easy for victim to believe the mails are coming from known individuals and therefore where considered "safe"
to open and since it was sending mails to all the contacts on victim's address book it was only required for a few to
open the attachments to infect a million more. Love Letter Worm in its first 5 hours costed $750 million while U.S
Spread has done estimated damages of US$1 billion and furthermore $15 billion worldwide, governments and people
spent about US$15 billion to remove the worm from infected computers. In about ten days of spread the worm was
able to infect about 50 million computers worldwide, Government agencies like CIA and the British Parliament and
other big Companies closed their mailing systems. (Meserve,2000;

Microsoft Office As The Front End For The Code Developed
Microsoft office offers developers to create Add–in by using Microsoft Office as the front end for the code developed.
One take advantage of familiar Microsoft office user interface and its tools. Visual studio can be used to customize
Office applications and add specific features which is needed. User can turn Word into a contract generator that
assembles contracts out of pre–existing parts that can be made editable or not editable. With Excel, user can create an
automated budget worksheet customized for different projects. There are many types of Office solutions by using
Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) templates available in the Office developer tools in Visual Studio.
A project can be developed in two ways. First when a user wants to execute the code when a specific document is
open. Second, user want code to be available whenever the application is running. Thus to provide both the types of
functionality following types of project templates for VSTO–based Office development are provide by Visual Studio
Document–level Customizations
Document–level customizations are one of the template for VSTO which consist of an assembly that is associated
with a single document in Microsoft Office Word or Microsoft Office Excel. The assembly is loaded when the
associated document is opened. Document–Level Customizations cannot make wide changes, such as displaying a
new menu item or ribbon tab when any document is open.
Visual Studio provides tools to create document–level

The Summer Training Project At American Express India Pvt....
Acknowledgement It is my great pleasure to present my work on the summer training project at American Express
India Pvt. Ltd. It has been a truly wonderful and enriching experience to be associated with the organization. I would
like to take this opportunity to thank my guide and mentor Mr. Ravi Mishra, Lead Data Architect, American Express
for his valuable guidance during the internship tenure. Thank you for showing patience with me and always
encouraging me to learn throughout the course of my internship. I would also like to thank Mr. Ritesh Bhateja,
Director, Technical Delivery for his continuous support and encouragement. I would also like to thank my mentor
Prof. Dr. Priti Puri for her valuable support and guidance. My sincere regards to the entire administration at SCIT,
including Ms. Sonali Shevate, Exam Coordinator for making my internship successful. I would like to sincerely thank
our Director Dr. Dhanya Pramod, and Placement Officer Ms. Savitha Nair, Symbiosis Centre for Information
Technology, Pune, for giving me the opportunity to work for an organization of International repute. Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................5
GLOSSARY.....................................................................................................................6 CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................7 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPANY....................................................................................8 1.2 LINE OF
BUSINESS.....................................................................................................8 1.3 INTRODUCTION TO AET
DOMAIN..................................................................................13 1.4 PROFILE

Advantages And Disadvantages In Relational Database...
Relational Database Management System
This type of database management system that stores the data in the form of related tables. It is a social database
administrator which deals with some typical kind of queries and uses SQL for the development of the database. This
type of database is a very powerful database as it deals with the relations which makes the data manipulations easier
other than any other database. It has the features of data entry, data deletion, and creating of new entry and records etc.
the database provides the ease of accessing and maintaining data easily.
Advantages of RDBMS:
1. Prevents Data redundancy:
In relational database management systems the tables with the specific data have relation among them that's why the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The GUI is not implanted in the information:
With XML, the GUI is separated. Along these lines, changes to show don't require futzing with the information.
Rather, a different template will indicate a table show or a rundown show.
2. Easier to use:
The language used for creating the database can create its own tags so it is easier to use
Disadvantages of XML:
XML is a very complex language therefore it creates some complex databases. The biggest drawback of XML is that
for one, XML requires a processing application. That is, the nice thing about HTML was that you knew that if you
wrote an HTML document, anyone, anywhere in the world, could read your document using Netscape but XML is not
like this.
Comparative analysis
The ORDBMS has the relational model in it because the data is stored in the form of tables having rows and columns
and SQL is used as the query language and the result of a query is also table or tuples (rows). But the relational model
has to be drastically modified in order to support the classic features of object–oriented programming. Relational
database management systems unlike other management system stores the data in the tabular from making it easier to
manage data in rows and columns and therefore the data is more secure and is in the hands in DBMS's administrator
but in other databases the data security is not so

The Structure Of The Foundation Of Json Schema
Foundation of JSON Schema
Introduction
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is the most popular semi structured data format for sending API requests and
responses but it is still lacking a standardized schema or meta data definition that allows the developers to specify the
structure of JSON documents. JSON is a data format based on the data types of JavaScript Programming. JSON data
models comprises of strings, numbers and other types of data that database system treats as atomic. JSON is also used
for storing data, and that too in the format of choice for several document–oriented databases such as MongoDB[3]
and CouchDB[5]. This paper has been formally arranged in a way that it provides the reader complete understanding
of what JSON is and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the next step, the practical use case of increasing importance is demonstrated in Schema definition for Wikidata [6].
All the six types of valid JSON document such as object, array, string. Numbers, boolean values and null can be
specified by a JSON schema. Here, the key point to understand is that a JSON document satisfies a schema if it
satisfies all keywords of schema. Formally, a schema S and a document J can be represented as J|= S to describe that J
satisfies S. |= is to define all six types of JSON document as well as their combinations and enumerations.
Formal Analysis
The efficiency of working with JSON schema and its expressive power is discussed in this section. It is observed
whether the computational cost of document conforms to a schema. Later, JSON schema is compared with various
well established theoretical formalisms such as nondeterministic finite state automata.
Practical Considerations
To understand the efficiency and applicability of JSON Schema, an experimental analysis is undergone in this section
of the article where the author initially runs a series of experiments to test self–developed validators under JSON
document of increasing sizes. Later, a real use case named Wikidata Database is used where JSON schema can be
naturally used.
Experiment under JSON document of increasing size
For this experiment, a machine with 8 GB

W3 Consortium
Software Development: Developing Websites for
Multiplatform Use
Kei Roberts
Contents
Introduction – Page 3
W3 consortium – Page 4
Document Object Model (DOM) – Page 5
Introduction
For this report I have been asked to cover a rage of topics such as
A description of the W3 consortium and their role in relation to web development
A description of the document object model, exploring issues faced when developing for a range of platform versions
and device vendors
An overview of current security issues relevant to delivering dynamic data driven content on the world wide web
An explanation of the differences between client and server side scripting with examples of each. Consider the
advantages and disadvantages
A description of the 3 methods of embedding scripts
A description of code to handle specified events
Using research and using already gained knowledge I will go though each of these topics individually.
W3 consortium
Created 22 years ago on October 1st 1994 by computer scientist Tim Berners–Lee the W3 Consortium is the main
standards organization for the World Wide Web. The W3 Consortium was created with the vision of "participation,
sharing knowledge, and thereby building trust on a global scale" (W3C mission, 2016). As of today there is roughly
350 member organizations part of the W3 Consortium all over the world. Document Object Model (DOM)
A Document Object Model (DOM) is a API (application protocol interface) used in HTML and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Relational Database...
1 Relational Database management system
A relational database management system is based many of the databases system based on relational database model.
A relational database's use is organizing large amounts of data. Relationships database define the relationship between
two points of tables and these database systems are linked by defining that relationship. Database is a well–maintained
collection of data. The data are arranged to model particular part of reality in a way that supports process requiring
information, such as availability and modelling of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with
vacancies.
Number First Name Age Salary
1 Ali 42 1300
2 Umar 38 14000
3 Shoaib 70 13000
4 Umar 12 11020 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
OODBMS has also over take the favored system for financial application. Similarly, the OODBMS market is same.
The OODBMS continues to find out new application area, such as the www.
ADVANTAGES
1 Recycle and Sharing: The important advantage of extending the Relational data come from Recycle and sharing.
Recycle comes from the able to extend the DBMS to perform better functionality,
2 expand Productivity: ORDBMS provide expand productivity both developer and for the last user
3 Take of experience in developing RDBMS: Another useful advantage is that. the extended relational. The important
body of knowledge that has gone into developing relational application. This is a better advantage, as many
organization would find it too expensive to change. If the new function is designed appropriately, this kind of idea
should allow organization to take advantage of the better extension.
Disadvantages
The ORDBMS increased complexity and increased costs. Further, there are the proponents of the relational approach
and the· essential simplicity' and clarity of the. relational model is lost with these different types of

Description Of A Relational Database
NoSQL is the generalized term to describe a relational database that uses no form of SQL language querying and
consists of several data models to define it. My topic of this research paper is the Document Store data model. I will
be covering the introduction of the model and its mechanics, how and when the model emerged, its strengths and
weaknesses, and it's real world applications.
Introduction and How it Works
Document Store or "Document–oriented database" is a data model within the NoSQL family, made for storing,
retrieving, and managing document based information. The concept revolves around documents containing large
amounts of data. A variety of documents are accepted, from there they are encapsulated into an internal format, and ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both use the Document database concept, but differ in it's process and tools. Julie Lerman explains in her article
"What the Heck Are Document Databases" that Raven DB was written for the Microsoft .NET Framework and
growing in popularity.
Model Emergence
In the 1970s, relational databases were introduced with data schemas simple and straightforward, conceiving objects
as sets of relationships. as mentioned in the Document Database webpage "an article object might be related to
category (an object), a tag (another object), and a comment (another object)".
These relationships between different types of data were defined in a database schema, the relational database could
be queried with a standard Structured Query Language (SQL). These SQL based databases require a fixed amount of
tables, a fixed amount of columns in each table, with each column represent a fixed data type (integer, string, etc).
Consequently fields of data stored in each column must comply with the structure of the database and its tables.
whatever data you want to store must be known to create an appropriate database schema, this is the concept behind
relational databases.
NoSQL was created to remedy the architecture of relational databases, to make the schema more dynamic and ever
expanding. With the emergence of cloud computing, unstructured data such as social media posts in need of storage,
and Agile development practice, The Document

American Express : A Global Service Company
American Express is a global service company, providing customers with access to products, insights and experiences
that enrich lives and build business success. A leader in global payments, American Express is the largest card issuer
by purchase volume and operates a worldwide network that processes millions of merchant transactions daily. It offers
the broadest array of payment, expense management and travel solutions for consumers, small businesses, midsize
companies and large corporations.
American Express provides customers with incomparable access to products, experiences and insights that enrich
lives and build business success. American Express makes it easier, safer as well as more rewarding for consumers
and businesses to purchase the things they need and on the other hand for the merchants to sell their goods and
services. A pioneer of commerce, American Express provides novel payment, travel and cost management solutions
for individuals and businesses. Above all, it helps customers achieve their dreams and aspirations through best of the
class benefits, access to unique experiences, business acumen, and global customer service.
1.1 Line of Business
Here 's an overview of the businesses and departments that enable American Express to serve customers in more than
170 countries, engage employees worldwide, protect information and assets, and drive results for shareholders while
ensuring it operates with the highest integrity. Here is a brief description of these

Application Of A Solid Foundation
Once the proposed project is understood and it is agreed upon that the system requirements will be supported, a solid
foundation must be built to support the development of the system. Models and other documentation are used to aid in
the visualization and description of the proposed system. Process models are used to identify and document the
portion of system requirements that relates to data. Processes are the logical rules that are applied to transform the data
into meaningful information. The three main tools used in process modeling are data flow diagrams, which shows how
data moves through an information system; a data dictionary, which is a central storehouse of information about the
system's data used by analysts to collect, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The logical model revolves around the needs of the business rather than the database. Once all necessary information
is gathered, entity relationship diagrams, business process diagrams, and process flow diagrams are produced as
deliverables. These diagrams are required to show the processes and data that exists and the relationships between
them. Before the physical modeling can begin, managers, developers, and users review the diagrams and
documentation generated to insure all business requirements have been completely gathered and met. A physical
model outlines the actual design of a database according to the requirements that were recognized during logical
modeling. It converts the business model into a relational database model in which objects are being defined at the
schema level. A database design effort is normally associated with one schema. A physical model creates objects using
tables and columns based on entities and attributes that were defined during logical modeling, and defines constraints
including primary keys, foreign keys and other unique keys. "To ensure that all information system needs are met,
physical models are often developed jointly by a team representing the data administration, database administration,
and application development areas" (CA ERwin Data Modeler Methods Guide – CA, n.d.). Physical modeling is
database specific, which means the objects defined during

The Conceptages And Advantages Of The Dynamic HTML
DHTML stands for Dynamic HTML. DHTML is introduced by Microsoft internet explorer 4.0 in 1990. DHTML is
not a language or a web standard. DHTML is a combination of JavaScript, CSS, and HTML. As per World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), DHTML is used by vendors to describe the combination of JavaScript, CSS, and HTML which
allows the document to be animated.
History of DHTML
The first dynamic HTML was developed in the year 1990. Netscape DHTML and Microsoft DHTML had different
ideas about what technologies should be used to make HTML or dynamic.
Figure 2.1.1: DHTML
Let us know about the DHTML technologies used in Netscape 4.x and Internet Explorer 4.x:
Netscape Navigator 4.x Cross–Browser DHTML Internet Explorer 4.x
JavaScript allows us to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It allows us to change the qualities of an HTML tag depending on an event outside of the browser. This is used to
preload information onto a page, but not to display it unless the reader clicks on a specific link.
Dynamic style: It allows the user to change the web pages colours, fonts, sizes or contents.
Dynamic fonts: This is a Netscape communicator feature. In the dynamic fonts, the fonts are encoded and downloaded
within the web page, so that the page always looks how the designer is planned.
Data binding: This is an Internet explorer feature. Microsoft developed this to allow easier access to databases from
Web sites.
Differences between DHTML and HTML
The Table 2.1.2 brings out the difference between DHTML and HTML:
DHTML HTML
DHTML stands for Dynamic Hyper Text Markup Language. DHTML is not a language, it is a web standard. HTML
stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is a markup language, which is used for creating tags.
DHTML files are saved with .dhtml extension. HTML files are saved with .html extension.
DHTML is for dynamic pages. HTML is for static pages.
DHTML works faster on client side technologies. HTML works slowly on client side

Joint Legacy Viewer (JLV): Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study SCQC Environment: Joint Legacy Viewer (JLV) 2 June 2015 Prepared By: Valytics LLC 10758
Riverscape Run Great Falls, VA 22066 Version tested: JLV v2.3.0.9 Hardware requirements (memory, HD space)?
=====================================================================================
Begin template http://www.projectmanagementdocs.com/project–initiation–templates/feasibility–
study.html#ixzz3eYfxjQy6
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1. Executive Summary The Joint Legacy Viewer (JLV )is a patient–centric, web presentation system that pulls
information from disparate health–care systems in real time for presentation in a browser design. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is widely used to transmit arbitrarily structured data in mixed client/server environments. XML and HTML are
compatible members of a family of markup languages called Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
HTML is an SGML language with a specific Document Object Model (DOM) focused on describing hypertext
documents. Document Object Model (DOM) is a dictionary and grammar for interpreting HTML. A DOM describes
HTML elements and their attributes and properties and how they are used to create web pages. JavaScript Object
Notation (JSON) is a language–independent system for representing data objects, although it is based on JavaScript. It
is simpler than XML and is often used as an alternative to XML in Ajax applications to transfer data objects between a
server and a script running in a user's browser. Ext JS is a JavaScript UI library that uses HTML and CSS to build its
UI controls and widgets. Ext JS has a complete suite of layout management tools that allow full control over
organizing and manipulating the UI as requirements dictate. Dynamic Content Creation (CGI) Utilizing all of the
above components, the web content can reload without a complete page refresh for updated data received. It generates
html for new text, hyperlinks and tables rows. It does not create any additional scripting. 5.2 Server–side

Essay On Nosql
NoSQL databases
Study Report
Nikitha Edunuri
800817767
Table of Contents
Introduction III
Abstract IV
Overview of NoSQL V
Data Model VI
Document base model VI
Key–value Stores VII
Graph Stores VII
Wide Column stores VIII
Criteria to be considered IX
Conclusion XI
References XI
INTRODUCTION
I was always inspired by the idea of storing large amounts of structured and unstructured data. Therefore I chose to
finish my concentration in Data Management.
I have finished the following courses as my concentration requirement:
ITCS 6162 Knowledge Discovery in databases
ITCS 6160 Database Systems
ITCS 6100 Big data Analytics for Competitive Advantage
The course Big data Analytics for Competitive Advantage has thrown some light about 3V 's Volume, Variety and
Velocity at which the data is growing day by day and how this huge data is dealt with. From Knowledge discovery in
databases, I learnt how useful data can be extracted from a large pile of unstructured data. In Database systems, I
learnt how relational databases ruled for decades.
In this report I am going to discuss about No SQL databases and the criterion that are to be taken into consideration
when choosing a database that best supports your product. NoSQL databases enclose a variety of database
technologies and was developed in response to rise in volume of data unlike relational databases which were built to
handle structured data [1].
ABSTRACT
Until the last decade choosing a

Data Modeling Concepts
Data Modeling Concepts COM 660 Data Modeling Concepts Following document explains what are data models and
the importance of data model. Building a good data model helps organizations in software development, data base
design and product maintenance. The document explains the theory, even if it looks like the organizations are
spending substantial amount of resources on developing data models, but still it helps organization, keeping the costs
low and build a better product. Database constitutes of data structures and is represented by conceptual data structures.
Data models are abstract models which is required to define how data can be consumed and put to effective use. The
main reason why construction of data model is required ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Data item includes all elements that exist to define components of configuration items. Examples include employee
details, course details or student grade details. Data Items have a number of attributes, and is related to a single
configuration item. Relationship Items defines relationship between two configuration items, or two data items or
between a configuration item and data item. Examples include employee relationship with courses schedule, courses
schedule relationship with students and students' relationship with grades. Relationship can be one–to–one, one–to–
many or in many–to–many form, depending upon how the business functions are setup. Why is Data Modeling
Important? Data modeling is the most critical aspect development process. Developing data model is very expensive
in terms of labor, time and future business process. Even if there is time crunch or pressure to deliver the project, still
data modeling should be done, before any other database development activity happens. Databases should not be built
without data model. Same as it is not viable to build a house without blueprints. Projects can go terribly wrong if the
process is not being followed and would cost in terms of money time and loss in profit. The primary goal of the data
model is to ensure that the all data objects required by the database are analyzed and planned to represent it

Cis 555 Week 4 Assignment 2 Automated Teller Machine (Atm)...
CIS 555 CIS555 Complete Course
Click below link for Answer visit www.workbank247.com http://workbank247.com/q/cis–555–cis555–complete–
course/11695 http://workbank247.com/q/cis–555–cis555–complete–course/11695
CIS 555 Week 1 Discussion 1
"The Four–Variable Model and Requirements" Please respond to the following: * From the e–Activity, speculate as to
what the system requirement variables (monitored and controlled) and software requirements (input and output) are
for the Nokia portable computer. Determine whether or not you believe that system requirements outweigh software
requirements when it comes to usability of this computer. Support your position by writing the functional and non–
functional requirement for this. * Suppose that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Determine the types of risk, product–related or process–related, that you would consider when it comes to the
operation of the car in public parking spaces. Defend why you would consider this type of risk. * Imagine that you
have been contracted to work on a given project for which you have elicited requirements from stakeholders.
However, there are inconsistencies in the documentation you were given, incomplete descriptions of processes, and
interviewees have given you conflicting information. Propose a solution to resolve these inconsistencies and
conflicting information using techniques discussed in the textbook.
CIS 555 Week 2 Discussion 2
"Documentation through Diagrams" Please respond to the following: * Imagine that you have been working on a
project to design and build a given system. You have completed the elicitation and evaluation phases and now you
need to specify and document the system–to–be. Suppose you have decided to use diagrammatic notations for the
specification and documentation. Your options are to use context diagrams or frame diagrams. Evaluate each type of
diagram and select the one you feel is the best fit. Provide a rationale. * Compare Entity–Relationship (ER) diagrams,
Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT) diagrams, data flow diagrams (DFD), and Unified

Computer Viruses and Malware Essay
INTRODUCTION
Two of the common known attacks on computing systems are the deployment of computer viruses and malware.
Computer viruses are minute program which is "embedded inside an application or within a data file which can copy
itself into another program"(Adams et al, 2008 ) for the sole determination of meddling with normal computer
operations. The consequences may range from corruption and deletion of data; propagation of virus on to network and
deployment through attachments through emails in order to further creating havoc to all associated computing devices.
Malwares are mischievous programs crafted to agitate or forbid normal operations to gather selected information
which may lead to loss of privacy through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This scripting language is also increasingly being used as an attack mechanism by predators that exploit
vulnerabilities within the client's web browser; unpatched software or other JavaScript based applications for
mounting their attack (Karanth et al, 2011). The assailant commonly obtains the information for identify theft and for
personal financial gains (Wadlow, 2009).
The methods which the adversary employs may vary from:
1. Zero Day Exploits where the assailant discovers a flaw ahead of the security community in raises the defense
(Wadlow, 2009).
2. Injection Attacks where the attacker deposits the scripts into a web request to execute at the client–end (Wadlow,
2009).
3. Cross site vulnerability due to poorly validated coding in JavaScript and DOM (Karanth et al, 2011)
4. XSRF ("Cross site Reference Forgery") where the victim client is redirected to a webpage that simulates the
legitimate site (Wikipedia, 2011)
5. Phishing is where the gullible user is brought to a simulation of the actual site but with a minor difference.
Example: "google.com and googIe.com, (where the lowercase l has been replaced by an uppercase
I 'eye')" (Wadlow, 2009).
6. Cookie snatching is when the session cookies are extracted from the client's browser unawares (Wadlow, 2009).
7. Clickjacking is when the unaware user is playing a web game which is overlaid with an e–commerce interface. By
clicking on the

Key Features Of The Database Management System
.In this paper we will examine the key features of the database management system MongoDB. Day–to–day
information is growing in gigantic amount. Generated information include predominant information and it will have to
be analyzed for gathering essential expertise. On the whole, relational databases are used so as to system the data.
These, ways works successfully for small amount of knowledge. What if the data is very tremendous? To avoid this
problems Mongo databases are introduced. MongoDB is a cross–platform document–oriented database. Classified as
a NoSQL databases. NoSQL meets the requirements of the large–scale distributed computing environment, which
provides scalability, high availability, high performance and reliability. NoSQL databases are increasingly used in big
data and real–time web applications. Using NoSQL provides the benefit of storing data in schema less structure.
NoSQL is not a brand new database technology; yet, it provides the possibility and flexibility of handling complex
semi–structured data and optimizes solutions to different types of data in this massive and data–intensive era of large–
scale computing.
Introduction:
MongoDB is a structure free and it is a cross–platform document oriented database. MongoDB is developed by 10gen.
MongoDB is classified as a non SQL database. NoSQL stores include the use of low–level query languages (instead of
SQL, for instance the lack of ability to perform ad–hoc JOINs across tables), lack of standardized

First Grade Document Cameras
Martinsville City Public School Endowment Grant Application Project Title: First Grade Document Cameras
Description: The first grade teachers at Patrick Henry Elementary School wish to purchase 5 document cameras to use
with students in our classrooms.Document cameras are real–time image capture devices for displaying an object to a
large audience. These cameras able to magnify and project the images of actual, three–dimensional objects, as well as
transparencies.This allows a teacher to write on a sheet of paper or to display a two or three–dimensional object while
the audience watches. There are five first grade teachers and approximately 90 students in the grade level. Purpose:
The outcome that we expect is that students will be

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Text Clustering
AUTHOR & YEAR TITLE METHODOLOGY DISADVANTAGES
S.Murali Krishna et al., 2010 An Efficient Approach for Text Clustering Based on Frequent Itemsets In the proposed
research, we have devised an efficient approach for text clustering based on the frequent itemsets. A renowned
method, called Apriori algorithm is used for mining the frequent itemsets. The mined frequent itemsets are then used
for obtaining the partition, where the documents are initially clustered without overlapping.
The access to a large quantity of textual documents turns out to be effectual because of the growth of the digital
libraries, web, technical documentation, medical data and more. It does not require a pre–specified number of clusters
G. sailaja et al., 2014 A Novel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This does not satisfy the second condition of a metric, because after all the combination of two copies is a different
object from the original document.
Florian, et al. 2002 Frequent Term–Based Text Clustering In this paper, we introduce a novel approach which uses
frequent item (term) sets for text clustering. Such frequent sets can be efficiently discovered using algorithms for
association rule mining. To cluster based on frequent term sets, we measure the mutual overlap of frequent sets with
respect to the sets of supporting documents.
It can be used to structure large sets of text or hypertext documents. Very high dimensionality of the data, this requires
the ability to deal with sparse data spaces or a method of dimensionality reduction.
Anton Bakalov, et al. 2012 Topic Models for Taxonomies This paper introduces two semi–supervised topic models
that automatically augment a given taxonomy with many additional keywords by leveraging a corpus of multi–labeled
documents. the models provide a better information rate compared to Labeled LDA The concept node names often do
not de–scribe the concept in sufficient detail for unfamiliar users to fully understand the topics a node is intended to

Hierarchical Document Clustering Based On Cosine...
Hierarchical Document Clustering based on Cosine Similarity measure
Ms. Shraddha K.Popat* Ms. Vishakha A. Metre
Asst.Professor, Asst.Professor,
Department of computer Engineering, Department of computer Engineering,
D.Y.Patil, College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune, India D.Y.Patil, College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune, India
shraddhakp21@gmail.com vishakha.metre@gmail.com
Abstract– Clustering is one of the prime topics in data mining. Clustering partitions the data and classifies the data
into meaningful subgroups. Document clustering is grouping of document set into clusters such that document within
each cluster are more alike between each other than those in different cluster. In this paper, an experimental
exploration of similarity based method, HSC for measuring similarity between data objects particularly text
documents is introduced. It also provides an algorithm which approaches incrementally and evaluates cluster
cohesiveness by carefully watching pair–wise similarity between documents that leads to much improved results over
other traditional methods. It also focuses on selection of appropriate similarity measure which plays significant role in
measuring similarity between the documents.
Keywords–Clustering, Document clustering, Hierarchical, Similarity measures.
I. INTRODUCTION
There have been rich source of datasets available in recent years. Data mining is the practice of automatically
searching enormous amount of data to discover patterns and trend beyond

View Point Based Similarity Measure By Clustering
Dyanmic View Point Based Similarity Measure By Clustering M.Krishnaveni M.Tech, Software Engineering
Ganapathy Engineering College , Hunter Raod ,Warangal Mr.M.Rajesh Assistant Professor, Department of CSE
Ganapathy Engineering College , Hunter Raod ,Warangal Abstract– This All clustering methods have to assume some
cluster relationship among the data objects that they are applied on. Similarity between a pair of objects can be
defined either explicitly or implicitly. In this paper, we introduce a novel multi–viewpoint based similarity measure
and two related clustering methods. The major difference between a traditional dissimilarity/similarity measure and
ours is that the former uses only a single viewpoint, which is the origin, while the latter utilizes many different
viewpoints, which are objects assumed to not be in the same cluster with the two objects being measured. Using
multiple viewpoints, more informative assessment of similarity could be achieved. Theoretical analysis and empirical
study are conducted to support this claim. Two criterion functions for document clustering are proposed based on this
new measure. We compare them with several well–known clustering algorithms that use other popular similarity
measures on various document collections to verify the advantages of our proposal. Keywords– DocumentClustering,
TextMining, SimilarityMeasure. 1. INTRODUCTION Clustering is the classification

Database Vs. Relational Database Model
One size fits all. The developers go to for all data. You need only a relational database. This is the false assumption
that you will see when it comes to database models. The relational database model is great for data that normally can
fit into a table, or shows relationships between data, but not all data falls into that category. There are a few options for
these situations. You can use an object–oriented database, a hierarchical database, a network database, and a flat–file
database. The first alternative is known as the object–oriented. In a document–oriented database model, each
individual record, and all of the data associated with that record, is thought of as a document. In this type of database,
everything that is related to a database object, or document, is grouped together. This keeps the database organized,
and easier to find things that are related to each other. Each document is encoding data in some format or encoding.
The most common formats include XML, JSON and BSON. These are just some of the formats available, but these
seem to be the most popular formats that are being used.
A document can have single, or even multiple fields. These fields can vary from document to document, which gives
each document a lot of flexibility. There is no need to worry about constraints, like we see in our relational database,
but validation documents can be made to enforce rules as needed. This type of database can typically accept multiple
languages, instead of just

Unified Modelling Language
2. STUDY AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter gives the brief introduction about
the study and literature review of report. Here we will discuss the details of literature review with summary of this
literature survey. 2.2 RELATED WORK 1. Ghislain Levesque et al. [1] have proposed a estimating software size with
unified models. Automate the measure from a UML perspective and the other to add an objective measure of
complexity to a standard measure in COSMIC–FFP in order to reach a higher level of confidence with those
measures. So far, it can be concluded that, from UML use–cases and Actor–Object sequence diagrams of a system
application, the number of messages exchanged correspond to the number of function points according to the
COSMIC–FFP method. The main advantage of this approach to benefit from the UML standard modeling notation
and the training done with software engineers to model the software with the UML notation 2. Vipin Saxena et al. [2]
have proposed the performance of function point analysis though UML modeling. In software development,
estimation of software size is one of the major activities. Various types of metrics are available for computation of
software size. It is necessary to check the performance of each metric. Lines of code, objects and function point
analysis are widely used for measurements of software size, cost and schedule of development. The Function Point
(FP) Analysis is one of the most promising techniques for

Disadvantages And Disadvantages Of A Relational Database...
1 Relational Database management system
A relational database management system is based many of the databases system based on relational database model.
A relational database's use is organizing large amounts of data. Relationships database define the relationship between
two points of tables and these database systems are linked by defining that relationship. Database is a well–maintained
collection of data. The data are arranged to model particular part of reality in a way that supports process requiring
information, such as availability and modelling of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with
vacancies.
Number First Name Age Salary
1 Ali 42 1300
2 Umar 38 14000
3 Shoaib 70 13000
4 Umar 12 11020 TABLE (1.1)
ADVANTAGES
1. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Far more complicated problem can be written that can keep data from different tables at once.
3. effective. security. By divide data into tables, specific tables can be made confidential.it can provide better security
for data it can be effective for data and company
DISADVANTAGES
1. Implementation: A important and useful restriction and therefore disadvantage in the use of relational database
because it can increase system machine performance.
2. inactive extraction of meaning from data: if the data is normally organized in a hierarchical the hierarchical may
give efficient meaning for that data.
3. Data complication: Data in occupy in many tables, which are connect to each other through s key value. An
RDBMS does not force database designer to impose a coherent table.
2 Object oriented database management system, database management system in which all the collected information
about data can be represents in the form of object and this used in object oriented programming. Object databases are
unlike from relational databases which are table–oriented.
ADVANTAGES
1 Better

The Importance Of Web Application
A single page application (SPA) as name suggest is a web application which will fit in a single web page and acts as a
source for rest of the application. Various end user interactions are possible via HTML, CSS, JavaScript. For most of
the part, development happens on the front–end in comparison to traditional web applications which depend heavily
on server–side interactions to reload new web page content. SPA just keeps all the data and the associated business
logic in the front–end i.e. it works with local storage of browser. Server–side interactions are somewhat limited. These
interactions are performed for requesting any information via API's present in server–side of application.
Single Page Web Applications follows 3–tier model. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It provides resources different websites connected to Internet.
Web applications use HTTP protocol in order to communicate between client and server. It uses different methods
such as GET, POST, PUT, DELETE. These request methods are important concepts to be understood as they allow
application to request resources from client. These methods are discussed briefly below:
a. GET
In GET method application request resources using Request–URI. URI is a combination of URL i.e. Uniform
Resource Locator & URN i.e. Uniform Resource Name.
b. POST
In POST method, data is enclosed in message body and server handles request based on Request–URI.
c. PUT
PUT method stores the data in the message body of Request–URI.
d. DELETE
DELETE method deletes a resource from server identified by Request–URI. 2. DOM
The Document Object Model (DOM) is an interface between HTML and XML documents. It consists of nodes and
objects arranged in logical sequence to form any HTML webpage. It defines parent–child relationship between
various elements. It also provides access to Javascript for manipulating the document structure and content.
3. XMLHttpRequest
It is an API which helps in communication between client and server to access resources even after web page is
completely loaded in browser. It allows to update web page without reloading it completely.
Overview of AJAX in

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Javascript Framework
Introduction. The last ten years have seen the release of a huge number of JavaScript frameworks. Designed and
developed to aid in the rapid development of websites, web applications and other online software. Previously, to
develop large applications that were secure, fully functional, cross browser applications would have taken a team of
developers, working on bespoke front–end and backend systems. With the advancement of the web browser, along
with the maturing of HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript and the addition of frameworks the possibilities for complex web
applications is huge. It is now possible to substitute desktop applications with apps running in the browser. With the
addition of web frameworks, developers can worry less about the complexities ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of the biggest disadvantages of using JavaScript frameworks is the learning curve involved with each different
framework. Each has their own way of working and can take time to learn the nuances of the framework. Another
concern is new developers learning the frameworks and not the JavaScript language. Because of the frameworks
making development fairly easy, basic knowledge of the language can be lost or overlooked. When using a framework
a developer is limited to the core behaviour provided. Its behaviour cannot be modified, so when developing an
application a developer must take into consideration its limitations. Security can be a big issue for JavaScript
frameworks, both positive and negative. Most frameworks are open sourced, so this allows people to find flaws that
could be exploited. People with bad motivations can study the code to figure out how to attack a product using a
certain framework. But on the positive side of things, being open–sourced also allows a community of developers to
find these flaws and eliminate them before they become a problem. SEO is another concern when using certain
frameworks. Because the code is rendered client side for most frameworks, it is hard for them to be indexed by search

Management Of Sports Shop And Sports Academy Essay
(1)Introduction Our system provides the management of sports shop and sports academy together. System also
includes module in which user can search for their needed sport products depending on the name of sports shop. This
system also helps manage the all record and it also provides the facility of participating in tournament of their chosen
game. Our system provide many facilities like inventory management, stock management, online buying, join sports
academy using our system, search anything about sports. Players can get registration in academy using our system.
Customer can search about products related to sports. Shopkeeper can store important data in our system. (2) Study of
Current System In current situations, Sport is very useful activity. Our project is on sports shop which is situated in
Navsari, Gujarat. In this shop, sports products are sold offline. The shopkeeper manages whole shop. The shopkeeper
stores all important data into Book. In this case if book is misplaced or stolen then all important data are lost. If
customers want to buy some products then they must have to come to the shop and buy those products which they
needed. Current system is a manual one in which all the transaction is maintained and producing report manually.
They are used the details of purchasing items to writing in purchase ledger and selling items details in sales ledger or
else both. The shopkeeper of shop contains the purchase and sales of the sports items. (3) Objectives

Taking a Look at Validation Models
Schemas are important validation tools which can ensure data is valid and well formed for use. There are different
varieties that can be used to verify a document and ensure conformance to standards. Some use a tree hierarchy and
others just simple constructs. Lee and Chu (2000) note the following in their paper; DTD, XSD, SOX, Schematron
and DSD. Fawcett et al (2012) mention Schematron, DTD, RELAX NG, and XSD. I will discuss some of these in
comparison to DTD and XSD which are follow–ons from this week's Schema discussions.
DTD
This Schema type on uses attributes and elements and follows a hierarchy in structure type. It is very simplistic and
uses few attribute definitions, and does not follow XML type syntax. However, despite its simplistic nature, it is the
most widely used standard according to Lee and Chu (2000).
XSD
The true XML Schema Definition is very different from DTD in that it can be very granular in its descriptive elements
and follows XML syntax rules. This can make it very powerful, in its support of namespaces and true data types,
allowing for better conformity and use in data transformation and query. Another strength of XML Schema is it
inheritance, which can simplify some reuse of attributes and combining of Schema documents. Its weakness goes
hand in hand with its strength as the complexity it allows for causes confusion by all but the most advanced users
according to Fawcett et al (2012).
RELAX NG
This method of validation arrived as a

Key Value Stores And Its Impact On The Organization Essay
As there is a rise in data volumes, the manageability of data and storing these huge volumes of data became a cause of
concern to most of the organizations. It was during this period when Number of SQL or more popularly NoSQL was
introduced, to process these large amounts of data efficiently and effectively. For this purpose, various Data Store
categories were developed, based on the different data models. Some of the categories are: 1. Key–Value Stores This
is the simplest data store. It uses a data model similar to memcached distributed, in–memory cache, with a single key–
value index for all of the data. Apart from providing persistence mechanism, key–value stores also provide additional
functionalities such as replication, versioning, locking, transactions, sorting and other features. The client interface
supports transactional operations such as inserts, delete, update and index lookups. Scalability which is the most
important feature of distributed data stores, is provided through the distribution of keys over nodes. None of the key–
value stores offer secondary indices or keys. Some commercial key–value stores available in the market are
Voldemort, Riak, Redis, Scalaris and Tokyo Cabinet. Most of the products have backward compatibility, which is a
good thing. Example: Key–Value store is best suited for simple applications with only one kind of object and the
searches are performed based on one attribute only. Suppose you have a web application that performs

Ibjectages And Disadvantages Of A Relational Database...
A relational database management system is based on the relational model described by E.F. Codd. Data is stored in
tables, in the form of rows and columns and the relationhips between these tables is also stored in the form of a table.
The tables, which contain data stored in rows and columns are made using SQL. Before storing data, it is essential to
identify relationships among them. This is done so using an Entity–Relationship diagram which is a graphical
representation that identifies relationships among the various tables.
Advantages
Authorization: RDBMS allows the database controller to allow and restrict features to specific database users based
on their accessibility level. This way confidential data can be accessed by only authorized ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2. Object–oriented database management system:
An object database is a database management system that incorporates all the important Object–oriented concepts.
These concepts include Abstract Data Types, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism among others.
Objects in an OODBMS consist of Attributes and Methods. Attributes are data that define traits of an objects whereas
Methods define the working of an object.
Advantages
Enriched modeling capabilities: The object–oriented data model allows the 'real world' to be modeled more closely.
Code Reusability: The object–oriented features allow the high reusability of code. For example, when a new object is
created, it will inherit all the attributes and methods of the class of which it is an object of, in addition to all the parent
classes of that class.
Capable of handling a large variety of data types: OODBMS is capable of storing data having a variety of data types
such as pictures, video, text, numbers etc. which databases such as RDBMS are incapable of

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