Coxsackievirus Case Studies

Coxsackievirus Case Studies
Hand–foot–and–mouth disease is a mild, contagious viral infection common in young children. It is
characterized by sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet. Hand–foot–and–mouth disease
is most commonly caused by the virus, coxsackievirus.
Case Presentation
A 1–year old male baby, has enrolled into a daycare facility. The parents of this baby, reported that
the daycare employees documented the daily diaper changes, the child's whereabouts and
environment placement. The baby showed signs of painful, red, blister–like lesions on the tongue,
the buttocks and irritability. The baby had a slight fever prior to the daycare visit.
Discussion
The signs and symptoms of Coxsackievirus is that sores develop in the back of the mouth and throat
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The Lord Of The Microbes For All Biogeochemical Cycles
Introduction Every second of our lives, we run into microbes of all varieties. We encounter
numerous types of viruses and bacteria just walking in our own homes. Scientists and
Microbiologists are still discovering millions of microbes each and every day. How can one not
believe in a creator when there are so many tiny things that are swarming around us each day?
Bacteria is everywhere. Good bacteria are allowing life cycles to continue, where bad bacteria are
trying to throw those cycles off track. The Lord so intricately designed microbes for specific
purposes. They each do different things, causing life to be the way it is. Each microbe has a different
effect on our lives. The vast amount of things the Lord uses microbes for is amazing. He made
microbes that decompose garbage, microbes that can eat flesh, microbes that can fight other
microbes in the body and so many more! The Lord causes the function of the microbes for all
biogeochemical cycles. In this paper I will be discussing two different microbes. One microbe being
medically related to life and then the second being an environmental microbe. Each of these has a
different effect on life of some type. So, let's begin.
Medical Microbe: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)
Overview of HFMD Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease is a very common disease among children ages
ranging from six months to roughly about four years of age.^4 This single strand of RNA^13 is
about 24nm long, so it is extremely tiny ._^7 It is of the

A Brief Note On Foot And Mouth Disease
The Search for Better Health Research Task Foot and Mouth Disease(FMD) Foot and mouth disease
is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild cloven–hoofed animals (ungulates),
these include cattle, sheep and pigs. The disease is characterised by the formation of vesicles and
erosions in the mouth and nostrils, on the teats, and on the skin between and above the hoofs. FMD
may cause serious production losses and is a major constraint to international trade in livestock and
their products. It does not occur in Australia. It would have severe consequences were it to be
introduced into Australia. There have been a number of outbreaks in FMD–free countries that have
had large socio–economic impacts. The 2001 outbreak in the United Kingdom caused losses of more
than 8 billion pounds (approximately $AUD 16 billion). Symptoms In cattle Cattle with foot and
mouth disease may develop sores and blisters: on the feet in the mouth on the tongue Other clinical
signs include: fever shivering lameness slobbering and smacking lips cows produce less milk In
sheep Signs of foot and mouth disease among sheep include: severe lameness, which may develop
suddenly and spread quickly among the flock tendency to lie down more than usual unwillingness to
move when made to stand high numbers of stillbirths, abortions and lambs dying soon after birth
tiredness in young lambs ewes unwilling to allow lambs to suckle In pigs Signs of foot and mouth

Skin Scabies
Most people have sensitive skin. Thus, everybody have to be very careful about their skin and also
of the environment. Clean surroundings will contribute a lot in the prevention of skin problems
among people. Nevertheless, it is very imperative for people to know the most common skin
problems that may affect them to be able to know the early signs and the preventive measures:
Scabies Scabies is an infection with animal parasite. They are organisms that cannot be seen by the
naked eye. They hide in the topmost layer of the skin; when they start moving, children begin
feeling the itch. It commonly appears between fingers and wrists. So, upon careful observation that
you are doing continuous scratching of your skin, seek professional help or look for possible first
aid. Acne If you think acne is only for a particular group of people, ... Show more content on
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These reddening turn into swelling until they form lesions. Lesions at the hand and feet appear at the
sides or the backs of toes and fingers. To keep your skin from this disorder, wash your hands
properly and frequently. Eczema Generally, the most common skin problem for people, eczema can
appears before at any point in time. As days pass, it improves until it disappears upon reaching
adulthood. It is the result of skin irritation from something to which the skin is allergic to. Eczema,
at first, looks like a rash and is sometimes moist. It is seen around the joint areas. When scratched, it
may bleed. It is not easy for people to look at their skin suffering from any pain or disorder. People
always wish their skin to be in their top shape. Skin diseases are not welcome to them. Therefore, as
you should know how to avoid it. The key to prevent your skin from being afflicted with skin
problems is cleanliness. The things that they use, the surroundings where they stay, and the people
that they are in contact with should promote proper

Essay On Foot And Mouth Disease Virus
Abstract
In Egypt, Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O topotype EA–3 has emerged in 2012
and consequently predominated. Molecular epidemiological studies suggested spillover of this
topotype to Egypt from Sudan. During December 2016 to April 2017, FMDV outbreaks were
reported in Egypt; therefore, our study aimed to characterize FMDV originated from these
outbreaks. Clinical data and vaccine history were collected form 9 affected farms and 27 individual
cases owned by small stock holders in 10 Egyptian governorates. A total of 59 vesicular epithelia
were gathered from affected animals and tested by real time (rt) RT–PCR. Consequently, subset of
positive samples were analyzed by RT–PCR to amplify the VP1 region. The amplicons were ...
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FMDV is endemic in Egypt. The history of the disease started in 1950 with the emerging of serotype
SAT2. Consequently, this serotype disappeared and serotype O predominantly circulated from 1970
to 2006 (http://www.wrlfmd.org/fmd_genotyping/africa/egy.htm). In 2006, Importation of live
animals from Eastern African countries resulted in massive FMD outbreaks caused by serotype A
(Knowles et al., 2007). the serotype SAT2 re–emerged again in 2012 caused significant animal
mortalities (Ahmed et al., 2012).
In Egypt, the world reference laboratory of FMDV (Wrlfmd) reported circulation of many topotypes
and lineages within serotypes O, A and SAT2 in last 30 years as middle east south asian (Panasia,
Panasia 2 and Sharquia–72 lineages) and East Africa 3 (EA–3) topotypes of serotype O, African
topotypes (genotype: III, IV and VII) and Asian topotypes (Iran–05 lineage) of serotype A, and
topotype VII of serotype SAT2. In the last five years, FMDV serotype O topotype EA–3 was the
predominately circulating strains in Egypt (http://www.wrlfmd.org/fmd
_genotyping/africa/egy.htm).
The FMDV outbreaks occurred every year in Egypt because shortage in the control program as a
result of importation of live animals from neighbor endemic countries, uncontrolled animal
movement from politically unstable border countries as Libya and existence of highly susceptible
non–vaccinated animals especially in small villages as the ignorance

Diabetes Assessment
Student Network Resources Inc. Â©2003–2011 Diabetes Assessment Diabetes is a disease in which
the body does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar properly, or becomes resistant to
the effects of insulin, also causing blood sugar to rise. High blood sugar is characteristic of diabetes.
People who have diabetes have to take insulin shots or supplements in order to give their body
enough insulin to regulate blood sugar. There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, Type
2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. In Type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin to
regulate blood sugar. In Type 2 diabetes, the body is resistant to insulin, and so it allows blood sugar
to rise to high levels (Winter 2002). Gestational diabetes is a temporary diabetes that develops in
previously non–diabetic pregnant women and causes their blood sugar to rise during their
pregnancy. Diabetes of any type can produce a variety of symptoms. The most common symptoms
are increased thirst, increased urination, nausea, fatigue, slow healing cuts or sores, dry mouth, itchy
skin, blurred vision, and unusual weight loss or gain. Type 1 diabetes is usually characterized as an
autoimmune disorder and appears in previously healthy people of normal weights and who have
good diets and exercise regularly. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and is
usually considered a lifestyle diabetes, appearing in people who have poor diets, who are
overweight, and who have

Nkda Case Studies Summary
Allergies: NKDA.
Family History:
Father: Deceased at the age of 48 from pulmonary embolism. He had diabetes and peptic ulcer
disease, peripheral vascular disease.
Mother: Died at age 63 from COPD.
Siblings: She had two brothers and one sister between 45 and 47–years old and they are healthy.
Children: No children.
Relatives: Her maternal grandmother and aunt had breast cancer.
Review of Systems:
General: No fever, chills, or fatigue, no weight change.
Eyes: No blurry vision, no double vision.
Ears/Nose: No ear pain or hearing loss. No sinus problems.
Mouth/Throat: No sore throat, no hoarseness. Good dentition.
Cardiovascular: No chest pain. She has dyspnea on exertion if she walks more than 20 steps. No
orthopnea or claudication. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She has colostomy bag.
Extremities: No clubbing or cyanosis. She has bilateral pedal edema.
Neuro: Alert, awake, and oriented to place, time, and person. No motor or sensory deficits. Good
short and long–term memory.
Psychological: Affect is appropriate.
Medical records received and reviewed.
Assessment: A 48–year–old Caucasian female with history of end–stage renal disease secondary to
type 1 diabetes, multiple comorbidities, including severe peripheral vascular disease, recurrent
neurotrophic foot ulcers, status post multiple debridements, aortoiliac vascular disease, status post
aortobifemoral bypass, bilateral femoral popliteal bypass, history of vaginal warts secondary to
HPV, status post incomplete radiation and chemotherapy.
Plan: Given the patient's age and history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, she will have to be evaluated in
a center that is certified to perform kidney and pancreas transplants. I explained the process to the
patient. She understands our inability at this moment to proceed with kidney and pancreas transplant

evaluation and she is willing to be referred to another center with her nephrologist guidance. All the
patient's questions were answered [__17:30__]

Evaluating Online Health Information
Unit 2 Discussion 1 – Evaluating Online Health Information Coming from a background heavy in
NICU and pediatric homehealth experience, I chose to create a hypothetical situation that related to
a common problem that many children contract and spread. My demographic area has a large
population of immigrants and lower income families, so education and effective communication is a
must. Billy is a 3 year old little boy who until recently has been a happy, playful child. He is
presenting with malaise, fever, and what appears to be tiny, red blisters in his mouth and throat and
beginning on his hands and feet that are painful to the touch. His mother states that he has felt bad
for a couple of days and now doesn 't want to eat or drink. He is also complaining of a "tummy
ache". He attends a daycare with 10 other children. His mother states that she had been "looking
things up on on the internet" and thought Billy at first had the flu. Upon assessment, he is diagnosed
with Coxsackie virus, also known as Hand–Foot–Mouth Disease. As Billy 's mom discovered in her
internet search, "Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease" is just one of many infections that can cause
mouth sores. Often a search for the symptoms of basic medical conditions can lead people to content
on more serious illnesses, therefore increasing their fears that something tragic is occuring. Billy 's
mom was afraid that her son had not the flu, but something much more serious. His diagnosis of
Coxsackie however, relieved her

Hand, Foot-Mouth Disease
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Francesca Longobardo
Western University of Health Sciences
Senior Seminar
Mr. Medina
November 24, 2014
Student Name: Francesca Longobardo PA–S Date & time of Interview: 11/7/2014 10:40
PATIENT WRITE–UP/SOAP NOTE PRESENTATION
SUBJECTIVE DATA:
Identifying data (ID): 1 y/o male, Hispanic
Chief Complaint (CC): rash x 3days
History of Present Illness (HPI): The child's mother reports that a rash started under the buttocks, the
rash was erythematous and vesiculated. The rash had spread to the palms of his hands and soles of
his feet. The vesicles and ulcers were also located on the buccal mucosa. Very happy and non–
distressed child. He had no other associated symptoms, he was able to eat and drink. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is usually a clinical diagnosis, but can be determined by viral polymerase chain reaction and
ELISA analysis. The best place to culture for viral polymerase chain reaction is the throat. Clinical
presentation tends to be a child with fever and ulcerated rashes that can affect the palms of the hands
and soles of the feet. There are no diagnostic imaging studies that can help determine infection. The
disease is usually treated symptomatically by reducing the fever and introducing fluids to help with
dehydration and making sure the patients intakes proper nutrients. With proper symptomatic
treatment the patient can greatly diminish the severity and enhance the prognosis of the disease.
References
Lin, J.Y., & Shih, S.R. (2014). Cell and tissue tropism of enterovirus 71 and other enteroviruses
infections. Journal of Biomedical Science, 21(18), 1–6.
Repass, G.L., Palmer, W.C., & Stancampiano, F.F. (2014). Hand, foot, and mouth disease:
Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome. Cleveland Clinic Journal Of Medicine, 81 (9),
537–543.
Hu, P., Hou, S., Du, P.F., Li, J.B., & Ye, Y. (2012). Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia in an
Infant with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease. Annals of Dermatology 24( 2), 200–202
Tan, C. H., Lai, J.K.F., Sam, I.C., & Chan, Y.F. (2014), Recent developments in antiviral agents
against enterovirus 71 infection,

Daycare Presentation Paper
I will be doing a teaching presentation for teachers and staff workers at St Mary's preschool center.
The director of the preschool stated the need for education on the most common rashes that children
have. It is important for staff to conduct a daily health check on all children upon entering the
facility, which includes checking for rashes. Young children do not have developed immune systems
they are more likely to develop illnesses. These children are more likely to be in close contact with
each other and use their hands to wipe their faces thus spreading infection. Health checks help
reduce the transmission of infectious diseases in children by identifying and isolating the infected
child. The problem the daycare workers face is there

Disease Of A Disease Eradication Program
Disease control, elimination, and eradication are three very closely related terms. Disease control is
when a disease attributes for a reduced number of infections due to deliberate human interaction.
For disease control to continue, human intervention must continue as well. Elimination is when
there is no occurrence of the disease in a specific geographical location because of human
intervention. Similar to disease control, human intervention must continue for the geographical
location to maintain the elimination of the disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, disease eradication is the "permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of
infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts." Unlike elimination and control,
disease eradication requires no further human intervention once the eradication process is
completely successful. Disease eradication requires much more planning, funding, and global
support than disease control and disease elimination. Many developing nations struggle implicating
an eradication program because they lack the government stability, funding, and other key factors
that play a huge part in the success of a disease eradication program. Due the many factors
influencing eradiation, only two diseases have successfully been eradicated: smallpox and
rinderpest.
Smallpox is a very contagious infectious disease that impacted the lives of people for thousands of
years. After decades of eradication

Rheumatoid Arthritis : A Common Type Of Inflammatory...
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Arthritis
Christopher Cannady
Baltimore City Community College
BIO 111 – Spring 2015
Rheumatoid arthritis the most common type of inflammatory arthritis. More than 1.3 million
Americans are affected. About 75% of those affected are women. between 1% and 3% of women are
going to develop rheumatoid arthritis in their lifetime. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune
disease. Autoimmune disease means that the immune system attacks parts of the body. the joints are
the main areas affected. chronic inflammation can cause severe joint damage and deformities.
people who have rheumatoid arthritis develop lumps on their skin called rheumatoid nodules. they
usaully develop over joint areas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regular eye exams are needed to diagnosing these conditions early.Dry mouth is also a symptom of
rheumatoid arthritis . rheumatoid arthritis can also spread to you mouth. To minimize rheumatoid
arthritis effects on your mouth people should have rheumatologist regularly and schedule checkups
to catch minor issues before they become major problems.A skin rash or ulcers on the arms and legs
can occur in people with rheumatoid arthritis. This typically happens in people who have let the
disease go untreated. Another rheumatoid arthritis effect on skin can be rheumatoid nodules. They
are small painless lumps located underneath the skin, usually near a joint. This tend to go away once
rheumatoid arthritis is controlled with medications.The nature of rheumatoid arthritis may
predispose people with rheumatoid arthritis to heart disease. preventive treatments, like aspirin
therapy, may help prevent heart conditions in people with rheumatoid arthritis . good health
practices can decrease your cardiovascular disease risk as well as arthritis symptoms. Smoking
creates certain chemicals with citrullination. These chemicals occur much more often in those with
rheumatoid arthritis. Citrullination is part of a process that triggers rheumatoid arthritis. Second
hand smoke can also make rheumatoid arthritis worse. A healthy diet low in saturated fats and
getting exercise can also lower your risk of heart disease. 40 percent of people with rheumatoid

Essay On Disease Design
Running Head: RESEARCH DESIGN 1 Research Design Jackie M. Nevells Aspen University
JOURNAL ARTICLE IDENTIFICATION The Center for Disease Control published a journal
article in Emerging Infectious Disease volume 22, number 11 in November 2016. The article
summarizes a case study that was completed in 2015. Researchers performed a study on pediatric
ambulatory patients in an attempt to estimate the prevalence of enterovirus serotypes and the clinical
presentations associated with hand, foot and mouth disease. The study was a cohort prospective
study, which lasted one year, from April 2014 to March 2015, and enrolled 659 children. Tallen
(2016) states 'in prospective studies, individuals are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The often unusual presentation of HFMD can be challenging for clinicians, and this study might
therefore help improve the differential diagnosis of HFMD by primary care physicians and the
detection of future HFMD outbreaks.....leading to better detection of outbreaks associated with EV–
A71 or any other serotype associated with severe or distinct clinical features" (Mirand, et al). This
was a primary study. The collection of specimens was used primarily for the outcome of this
particular study. There were no surveys collected or provided by the researchers in this study. The
study had minimal flaws as discussed by the researchers. It was believed the observations may have
been incomplete due to the nature of hand, foot and mouth disease being self limiting causing the
participants to not showing up for all office visits. In addition, the inclusion ratio of all patients with
hand, foot and mouth disease would be too cumbersome and not practical in the setting of a primary
practice of outpatient pediatrics. The study contributed to the epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth
disease in France and its association with the enterovirus. Also, primary care physicians may now
detect the disease with more accuracy and frequency as a result of the study. Peaks of highest
activity and serotype identification may lead to increased awareness and

My Patient Is A 68 Year Old Indian Male Essay
My patient is a 68–year–old Indian male. His health issues include hypertension, Type 2 diabetes,
hyperlipidemia, cellulitis, and insomnia. He has been in the facility for 3 years. My patient's weight
is 156 lbs. and there were no major weight changes for the time he has been in the facility. My
patient needs assistance with either wheelchair or a walker, is able to ambulate with or without a
device. He is not allergic to anything, therefore, no modification to the medication is needed. The
primary the patient is in the facility is because of a foot ulcer. The foot ulcer is unable to heal at a
normal pace because he has diabetes. My patient did not take any medication prior to admission to
the facility. One of the diagnosis included hypertension also known as high blood pressure. If not
treated over time hypertension can cause heart disease and stroke. In order, to lower blood pressure a
person can consume a healthy diet with less salt, exercise daily and take their medication. Usually, if
a person's blood pressure is above 140/90 mmHg they are considered to have high blood pressure.
My patient takes Lisinopril, it decreases blood pressure in hypertension, decrease preload, and
afterload in cognitive heart failure. The only use for this is when a person has mild to moderate
hypertension. Precautions for those who should not take this if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or
have renal disease. An adult can take this by mouth 10–40 mg/day and may be increased to 80

The Hand, Foot And Mouth Disease
DISEASE NAME
HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE BIOGRAPHY
The hand, foot and mouth disease (HMFD) is a viral infection that primarily affects young children
and infants and is characterized by eruptions of vesicles on the skin of the mouth, hands and feet of
infected humans.
The most prevalent pathogen is the Coxsakievirus A16, which is of the family Picornaviradie and
the genus Enterovirus. Infections from Coxsakievirus A4 – A7, A9, A10, B1 – B3, as well as B5
have been found to occur occasionally. In addition, the virus Enterovirus 71 is also known to cause
HMFD. However, it must be noted that it is not a general rule for Coxsakievirus A16 to be the most
prevalent cause of HFMD cases. For instance, in a study of the HFMD disease that broke out in
China in 2003, researchers Yan XF et al observed that over 80% of all infections were caused by
enterovirus 71 while Coxsakievirus A16 only accounted for less than 7%. The two viruses have also
been known to co–infect a host.
Coxsakieviruses are viruses that are without the lipid bilayer that make up the capsid of viruses. The
genetic materials of Coxsakieviruses are single–stranded RNAs. There are two major types of
Coxsakieviruses referred to as group A and group B. About 23 serotypes of group A coxsakieviruses
have been discovered and about 6 serotypes for group B. The two groups of viuses are very different
in terms of where they attack. Group A coxsakieviruses attack the skin and mucous membrane while
Group B coxsakieviruses

Research Paper On Non Ruminants
Pigs are non–ruminants because they are single stomached and eat feed that is low in fiber. Cows,
however are ruminates because they have a four chambered stomach.
The rumen is the biggest part of the bovines stomach, holding up to 50 gallons of partially digested
food at a time. It contains enzymes that start the digestion process, breaking down the hard food and
cellulose. The food may spend 15 to 48 hours in and out of the rumen being chewed, swallowed,
regurgitated and swallowed again and again before it moves on to the second part of the stomach,
the reticulum.
The next part is the reticulum which traps anything that the cow should not have eaten, such as
pieces of fencing, rocks and pieces of wire. The reticulum also softens the grass that has been eaten
and forms small wads of cud.The omasum's main purpose is to squeeze out the water and further
break down the cud, so the cow can regurgitate it and swallow it again.The abomasum completes the
digestion process. It passes essential nutrients to the bloodstream and sends the rest through the
intestines. This is very important because cows absolutely need these fibers and nutrients. ... Show
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The small intestine then takes in the partially digested food and mixes it and absorbs the nutrients.
Next, is the large intestine which has the job of absorbing water and adding mucus to the food. The
anus is the end of the digestive tract and is where all the waste exists. The liver then produces bile
which acts on the fat, the gallbladder stores the bile until it is needed. The pancreas produces insulin
and digestive

The Great War: Unwounded Soldiers During World War I
World War One, the Great war was a dreadful period of time, 1914–1917. Soldiers went through
horrifying experiences such as trench war illnesses and diseases and psychological damage many
more. A quote from Jose Narosky once said was ¨In war, there are no unwounded soldiers.¨, Means
there isn't one soldier who goes through a horrifying experience and not being affected either
physically or emotionally. A trauma many soldiers faced physically was trench war. Trench war was
a land warfare that had very unsanitary conditions and made many soldiers very ill. One problem
soldiers faced was the thick mud soldiers had to walk through. T̈ he mud was like thick slime. When
walking through the mud, a soldier sank several inches in. It was very difficult ... Show more
Soldiers who felt constant attack, would suffer from shell shock. Shell shock is now known as post–
traumatic stress disorder. Shell shock was a condition many doctors did not understand it. Some
symptoms include fatigue, headaches, confusion, and nightmares. Since shell shock was not an
official medical problem, many high ranked officials thought they were wimps who didn't want to
fight anymore. Many soldiers committed suicide or deserted. Some punishments to the sufferers
were execution. Some illnesses or diseases that happened because of the trenches were Trench Foot,
Body Lice, Trench Mouth, Trench Fever, and Dysentery. Trench Mouth is a severe form of gingivitis
that causes painful, infected, bleeding gums. Symptoms are pains while eating and swallowing,
fever, and bad breath. Another disease is Trench Fever is a disease caused by lice outbreaks.
Symptoms of Trench Fever were high fever, severe headache, pain on the movement of eyeballs,
and soreness of muscles. Soldiers would recover in 5 to 12 weeks. In addition, dysentery was a big
thing the soldiers went through. Dysentery was due to unsanitary conditions and a lack of supply
water in the unsanitary trenches. Many soldiers got water from melting snow or water from shell
holes. Symptoms of dysentery include diarrhea, fever, and stomach aches. If a soldier became
dehydrated, it could result in

Pros And Cons Of Mcdonalds Essay
McDonalds: Welcome sign in the high street or a place to avoid?
In this essay I will be discussing the pros and cons of fast foods. Now a day every body will
recognize the golden arches of McDonalds, it is hard not to. McDonalds has restaurants everywhere,
beside major roads and in almost every high street. Their commercials are on television at least once
a day. They became popular within a couple of years. Teenagers especially like McDonalds because
of the relaxed atmosphere, cheap prizes and the fact that all over the world you know what you are
buying. In restaurants I find that the waiter there look at me and think that I might not be able to pay
for the meal. With McDonalds I find that every person is welcome to come in and eat, no ... Show
Mostly the animals are living in bad conditions. Chickens get born with foot disorders. But then
again I guess that the animals the produce the meat for the top class restaurants suffer the same.
The fast food industry advertises with the target of children. With there freebies and bright adverts
the get children to make their parents take them to McDonalds. They manipulate the easiest target.
Children will moan and whine until they go to McDonalds. If health stores had the money to
advertise then I am sure that they too would be popular. Just as it is now health shops are rather
expensive and have a major "hippy" label. If the prices would go down and the public realized what
was better for them, the popularity of the stores would increase.
I don't understand who decides what is popular or not. I think that people are just like blind
dummies that just follow the majority, being different is just not accepted by society
After taking a survey in the class it turned out that eleven people out of fifteen went to McDonalds
in the last seven days at least once. I think that the reason that McDonalds is so popular is because
McDonalds is an American way of life, and by eating it you are buying into the American life style.
America has always dominated trends, not only in eating habits but also in fashion and Americans
mostly dominate the music charts.
Personally I like eating at McDonalds, but it is not like I have to eat there because my whole class
eats there. I

The Deadly Defying Factor . World War One, Also Know As
The Deadly Defying Factor World War One, also know as the Great War, dealt many casualties and
fatalities throughout its occurrence. Either through physical, surgical or mental wounds, soldiers and
in some cases civilians had been in some way affected my these casualties. Disease and disorder
during the Great War revolutionized the world to how it is present time. Major illnesses include
Spanish Influenza, Trench Foot, Trench fever, Typhoid fever, Shell Shock, Tuberculosis, Pleurisy,
Pneumonia. These illnesses caused an acceleration in medical studies and technological advances
that would lead to the present day. Moreover, war, in general, causes major acceleration or
deceleration in all fields of work. Disease, in particular, causes ... Show more content on
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Bloodborne pathogens flourished throughout the trenches and yet again floods caused these
pathogens to spread throughout the trench rapidly. Such as blood, body fluids came from bodies of
soldiers. Either dead or alive those who were infected with any pathogen that can spread from body
contact spread immensely through soldiers. Being packed in a small space only increased the
number of soldiers being infected. Trenches caused many obstacles throughout the war, disease
being a major one of those factors. Medical and technological advances had to be made to overcome
these obstacles. This laid down the platform to how these fields would be used today. Disease
although horrific for the short term caused mass amounts of death, but on the other hand, it was able
to revolutionize research in the long term. America may not have come this far in our research
against certain diseases without the driving factor of conditions in the war. There were several
amounts of disease that inflicted troops and others through transmission. The ones that are more
important in understanding how disease affected the war most was; the Spanish flu, trench foot,
trench fever, typhoid fever. In a nutshell, Spanish flu is a virus that would attack the respiratory
system. Trench foot is a condition that would occur if when in wet cold conditions in the trenches,
that affected the foot of a soldier would, in the long run, result in an amputation. In the other hand,
trench

2.1 Identify the Signs and Symptoms of Common Childhood...
2.1
Please find signs and symptoms of the following childhood illnesses and treatment. Please type into
the box and it will expand.
Symptoms of a common cold
Cold symptoms usually begin with a sore throat, which usually goes away after a day or two. Nasal
symptoms, runny nose, and congestion follow, along with a cough by the fourth and fifth days.
Fever is uncommon in adults, but a slight fever is possible. Children are more likely to have a fever
with a cold.
With cold symptoms, your nose teems with watery nasal secretions for the first few days. Later,
these become thicker and darker. Dark mucus is natural and does not usually mean you have
developed a bacterial infection, such as a sinus infection.
Several hundred different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The early symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease include:
fever,
loss of appetite,
sore throat,
small flat or raised red spots in the mouth, throat and skin.
generally feeling unwell.
After 12–36 hours, any red spots will develop into yellowy–red ulcers (lesions) in your mouth,
around the roof of your mouth, tongue and inside of your cheeks. These ulcers may be sore and
uncomfortable, making it difficult to eat, drink and swallow.
After one to two days, sores may develop on the palms of your hands, the soles of your feet, and
between your fingers and toes. In some cases, they also develop on the buttocks and genitals. The

sores last for about three to six days and may be itchy and uncomfortable. They are smaller than
chicken pox sores.
If an adult develops hand, foot and mouth disease, their symptoms will usually be much milder
compared with those of a child.
Measles Symptoms of measles
Around 10 days after you get the measles infection, the following symptoms begin to appear:
cold–like symptoms, such as runny nose, watery eyes, swollen eyelids and sneezing,
red eyes and sensitivity to light,
a mild to severe temperature, which may peak at over 40.6°C (105°F) for several days, then fall but
go up again when the rash appears,
tiny greyish–white spots (called Koplik's spots) in the

The Worldwide Eradication Of Foot And Mouth Disease
The Worldwide Eradication of Foot and Mouth Disease The potential threat of a foreign animal
disease is always at the back of an agricultural livestock producer 's mind because it could possibly
be devastating both economically and environmentally. The disease has the potential to wipe out a
large percentage of the livestock animal population, thus affecting the way the US uses the land that
supports food animal production. The possibility of an outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease is a big
area of interest because of the ramifications the disease would have on the United States, but it
would also be a great threat to any FMD free country. This disease is a highly infectious, viral
disease of cloven–hoofed species. The tell–tale signs of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tourism in the country would decline because of the fear of spreading the disease and there
would be strict travel restrictions. The studies on how much an outbreak of FMD would cost the
United States estimate that it would cost billions of dollars to completely solve the problem
(Rushton). The United States and other FMD free countries are controlling the spread of the disease
by prevention. This practice is normally the best policy, but in the case of FMD there are so many
bases to cover. The countries prohibit the importation of meat and infected animals from FMD–
affected countries. There are travel restrictions in place that try to prevent people from the affected
countries from bringing the disease into the unaffected countries. The travel entrances into the
country have strict bio–safety procedures in place similar to the rules enforced on farms. The
example includes swine farms which enforce strict bio–security rules in order to protect the animals
from outside contamination. The United States Department of Agriculture makes an effort to work
with U.S Customs in order to monitor those entrances. The USDA makes sure that the public knows
about FMD so that they can assist in the effort to contain it. The United States has eradicated FMD
as of right now and the last outbreak was in 1929 in California, but experts predict it is just a matter
of time before the disease pops up in the country.

What Was Life In The Trenches
Trench warfare was a prominent component of battle, specifically during the years of 1914–1918 –
the first World War. This essay aims to examine how detrimental life in the trenches on the Western
front in World War one was to the average soldier. It attempts to answer the question what was life
in the trenches like for the average soldier in the first World War? To fully and thoroughly
understand the concepts of trench warfare, this essay goes into depth on topics such as the set–up of
trenches in comparison to those of their opposition, common disease in a trench, advantages and
disadvantages of using trenches in battle, the weapons, communications, and strategies involved in
the war, as well as the friendships gained whilst in battle and the role of the arts in World War one.
As Germany had started off strong with the most advantageous location and high–tech weaponry,
one would believe that the war would be taken by the Germans. Yet through disease, fear, and
suffrage, the British scored a triumphant win. All of which had much to do with the advances of
weaponry and trench warfare. Aside from who won the war, the events that went on in the trenches
are what made it so unbearable for such a long period of time. The reality was that the average
soldier was either ill, depressed, killed, or completely insane. Surrounded by corpses, suffering from
hunger, and susceptible to many diseases, a trench was no place for any civilian.
What Was Life in the Trenches Like for the

What Are Primitive Reflexes?
Primitive reflexes are one of the first signs of conquering the world that can be seen in infants.
Primitive reflexes are the "evolutionary past" reflexes that are both automatic and individual. They
allow infants to respond adaptively to the new environment that they have been newly introduced to.
(Santrock, p. 81, 2014). All infants display some sort of variations of these reflexes, preferably all of
them until certain ages as they respond to the stimuli of the world. A male infant, two months old
was observed to see the development of his primitive reflexes. The subject was born at 39 weeks
gestation. The following paper is a further look into the subject's primitive reflexes response, along
with what the actual reflex consists of and what has been found that link the presence or lack of
presence of primitive reflexes to neurological disorders. The first primitive reflex to explore is the
blinking reflex. This reflex occurs when a light is flashed or a puff of air is exposed to a child's eyes.
This stimulus causes the eyes to close. As not the case with some reflexes, this one is actually
permanent and can remain visible on a subject for their entire lives. (Santrock, p. 83, 2014) The
subject was tested with both a puff of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stimulus is the subject's palms being touched. In response, the infant grasps tightly. This
response is said to weaken by three months and disappears by one year. (Santrock, p. 83, 2014). The
subject was able to grasp tightly within a quick response to the stimulus. The article stated that
persistence of this grasping reflex past four months could suggest neurological disease. A clenched
fist at all times beyond two months can suggest central nervous system damage, especially if the
fingers overlap the thumb. The subject did not always have his hand clenched which made it easier
to check for the grasping reflex. This reflex is always one that is practiced and useful for when
babies start to grab

Arizona Hedgehogs Case Study
Hedgehogs Illegal why?
Potential Arizona hedgehog owners should be aware of soon to change laws legalizing hedgehogs as
pets. They are illegal because they don't have an animal or pray to keep them under control in the
wilderness. Why they are legalizing them now, what kind of an impact it can do for us. Why we
should have them as pets and why they are good to have around. Being a potential hedgehog owner
comes to conclude that a pet shouldn't have to be just a dog or a cat but to be unique to the owner.
They are illegal because in Arizona there is not a dominant animal which can help keep the
hedgehog population under control. Which in other words means that if hedgehogs were to be set
into the wild, they will soon over breed and all of Arizona

Agricultural Vulnerabilities
Prior to reading this week's course material, I had considered the possibilities of agroterrorism but
only considered potential attacks and effects against plant life such as corn. Since corn is a major
source of food for people, animals, and bio–fuel such as the 10% ethanol mix in our gasoline, I was
aware of the economic factors associated with a disruption in its supply along with the consumer
level cost increases and loss of faith in our agricultural system's security. The difficulty in
compromising a sufficient amount of the corn supply in America to achieve the desired goals did not
escape me either and I thus ranked the probability of an attack against agriculture as low. The
reading this week forced me to look at agricultural vulnerabilities from the perspective of disease ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the key tenets used by terrorist groups to degrade the U.S. is to cause harm to our economy
so we are unable to project any military power (Olson, 2012, p 3). Use of relatively small
investments from terror organizations yields a significant return. As Bin Laden stated and was
referenced by Olson (2012), each dollar Al–Qaeda spent on the 9/11 attacks defeated 1 million
dollars in America (3). Introduction of foot and mouth disease into American livestock would likely
yield similar economic return to the terror organization as the cost and necessary training to conduct
the attack are near zero while harm to the agricultural industry and thus domestic GDP would prove
significant. According to some analysis, countries such as America that have an outbreak of foot and
mouth disease may lose between .3% and .6% of their gross domestic product (Rushton, et al., 2012,
p 18). Assuming a 17 trillion dollar GDP and a .3% loss, this constitutes a loss of 51 billion dollars
for an investment of nothing more than a rag contaminated with infected animal

A Brief Note On Foot And Mouth Disease
Foot–and–mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease carried by viruses that affects many
types of livestock including cattle, sheep, hogs, and goats. It is known as one of the problematic
diseases in herds because it is so contagious, and can be both acute and prolonged. When infected,
the foot–and–mouth disease virus (FMDV) propagates quickly and causes vesicular disease in the
feet and mouth of the animal (virology journal). The symptoms of FMD include fever, blisters on
the feet and in the mouth, weight loss, decrease appetite, lameness, reduced milk production, and
possibly blisters on teats ("Foot–and–mouth"). If not treated immediately, the virus can spread
quickly within the herd, result in high expenses to manage the disease, and occasionally mortality.
Foot–and–mouth disease has been reported in many countries, including those that are more
agriculturally developed and those that are not. In fact, in 2001 the United Kingdom slaughtered 4
million animals to control the disease outbreak of that time. FMD has also strained the import and
export rate between countries because of the fear and risk of contracting the disease. FMD is
renowned as one of the most important livestock diseases worldwide as it causes immense
economical losses. FMD was first reported in the United States in 1870, and since then there has
been 8 other reports of the disease. In 1914 the disease was first introduced in Michigan, where it
then dispersed to 22 other states including the

The Body And Specific Functions Of The Human Body
The human body consist of 10 biological systems that perform specific functions for everyday
living. The function of the circulatory system is to move nutrients, blood, oxygen, hormones and
carbon dioxide. It consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries and veins. The human body is
everything that makes up, well, you." The basic parts of the human body are the head, neck, torso,
arms and legs." (Rachael Rettner, 2016) Anatomy describes structures, organs, muscles, bones etc.
which are visible to the naked eye, that is macroscopic.
Digestive System
The digestive system is made up organs that help the body make use of food to keep the body
healthy, system of organs responsible for getting food in and out the body. The digestive system
includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small
intestine, colon, and rectum. Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach,
and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. It
involves four main processes. The actual intake of food through the mouth is called indigestion.
With the help of amylase, that soften the food and the teeth that break down food into smaller
pieces, our tongues move the food down the pharynx through the esophagus and down to the
stomach.
To help you understand how the many parts of the digestive system work together, here is an outline
of the structure and function of this complex system.
Mouth

Contagious Zoonotic Viral Skin Disease
Contagious Ecthyma (Orf) Sarah Woods VT5, Student December 16, 2015 Disease Name:
Contagious Ecthyma (Orf) is a highly contagious zoonotic viral skin disease that affects sheep, goats
and can affect other animals. The genital lesions are painful they can occur on the mouth, genital
area, and feet. and happen on the mouth and muzzle. Which all together can cause anorexia or
starvation. Lesions that occur on the utter can make offspring flee away. The foot lesions can make
it hard to walk. In bad cases secondary bacterial infection can happen and infect the internal organs.
A lot of the sever cases happen in the Boer cross goats. Which are making that were developed in
south Africa for making meat. The result of death is generally low about 10% have been reported.
Etiologic Agent: Results in infection by the Orf virus. Which is a member of the Genus
Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. Geographic Distribution: Has been found worldwide in all
countries that raise sheep. In the US this disease is seen a lot in the western states. Host/Species
Affected found on the skin that cause lesions and scabs or cuts. This virus can be carried by
clinically normal sheep as well as sick animals. It can be transmitted by directed contact visible on
the wool for about 1 month after the lesions are healed It is hard to kill and has even be discovered
after 12 years under a scab There are vaccines available however they

Examples Of Self Care Through Ayurveda
Module– 5– Self care through Ayurveda.
Ayurveda, provides detailed account of the cause , symptoms and treatment of disease on one hand,
and detailed guidelines for the prevention of disease, to stay healthy, promote youthfulness and
delay ageing on the other . It also emphasizes that each individual is different whether in a natural
state of health or in an unnatural state of disease, But whether its state of health or disease the key
remains the 'balance'. The state of disease may warrant the intervention of an Ayurvedic physician
but in the state of health or mild disorders, if we can keep mind, body, and environment in proper
balance, health is restored, youthfulness is prolonged and aging happens without much deterioration
and incapacitation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Ayurveda this is the site of Pitta and has to be protected from the onslaught of Kapha
at all times. Otherwise there is a diminution of vision with time gradually.
The simplest but very effective eye care routine you can follow is to irrigate your eyes with fresh
and pure water while bathing. Fill your mouth with water and using the running tap water splash
gently the open eyes with small amount of water in your palms. Do it repeatedly till the water in
your mouth tends to loose its coolness. Release the water of your mouth and after a short break for
few second repeat the process twice. This procedure as per Ayurveda cleanses the eyes, protects it
from the onslaught of kapha and increases vision.
Eye douching with 'Trifla water' regularly is very effective to increase visual acuity (please refer to
the chapter of management of common diseases through Ayurveda)
As told earlier foot massage is very beneficial to increase the vision. Particular attention is to be
given to massaging the big toes for extra benefit.
–Rub both your palms and using your index and middle finger gently massages the margins of the
eye orbits from the side of nose towards ears seven times twice a day after meals. It can have
wonderful results on visual acuity in particular and the health of the eyes in

Elizabethan Surgical Procedures
Different types of practitioners, depending on class and wealth, performed surgical and dental
procedures. Elizabethan physicians were the most qualified to perform any surgeries considering
they earned an education at a university. Only the very wealthy were able to afford treatment from
physicians (Alchin). Elizabethan surgeons were inferior to physicians, but had a similar reputation to
the barbers in which they associated with (Alchin). The Barbers were inferior to the surgeons and
they belonged to the Company of Barber Surgeons. The Barbers were allowed to only let blood and
pull teeth (Alchin). The most common thing that the people did was visit an Elizabethan apothecary
who sold drugs because they had no money to spend on actual doctors ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They wore birdlike masks, some of them up to a foot and a half long. The masks were filled with
herbs and spices to try to subdue the diseases in the air and protecting them from contracting the
disease through breathing. The eyeholes in the mask were covered with red timid glass. Surgeons
also wore dark, ankle length overcoats with pointed hoods smeared with wax, fat, vinegar, or chew
angelica. They also had accessories like leather gloves, boots, a tight hat, and amulets of dried blood
or ground up toads that were worn around the waist. Surgeons also had a wooden cane that would
allow them to poke and prod the patient's body at a distance (Belofsky

Compare The Nutritional Needs Of Infants And Toddlers
There are many different nutritional needs, diets, and affiliated diseases for infants and toddlers. In
these years, the child is growing rapidly and needs a variety of food. It is all up to the mother to
make sure her infant or toddler is getting the nutrients it needs.
As they get older their calorie needs differ. Toddlers need between 1,000 to 1,400 calories a day.1
Children growing need a good mix of proteins, grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy in their diets.
Some examples of protein are red meats, nuts, and legumes. Wheat, rice, and cereals are grains.
Dairy is yogurt, milk, and cheese. The micronutrients vitamins and minerals are also need, but they
are needed in small quanties. Vitamins help the growth and development of bones, ... Show more
Infants can become deficient in vitamins. Thrush is a very common infection with babies caused by
overgrowth of a yeast called candida albicans. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a
person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture. It can be developed before birth, during,
after, or a child's first few years of life. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is caused by a mother
drinking alcohol while she was pregnant. Spina bifida is a condition that affects the spine and is
usually apparent at birth. It happens in the first few weeks of pregnancy. Taking 400 micrograms of
folic acid everyday can reduce your chances of your baby getting spina bifida. Hand, foot, and
mouth disease is a common viral illness that affects children that are younger than five years old. It
is spread from person to person through coughing and sneezing. Keeping the baby clean from germs
will reduce your risk of the baby getting hand, foot, and mouth

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Infectious Diseases
1.1 Explain the term infectious disease
Infectious disease are diseases or illnesses caused by micro–organisms that become harmful in the
body, these micro–organisms are called pathogens. Pathogens are any organism that cause disease,
these can include bacteria, viruses and fungi. Not all the micro–organisms mentioned above are
harmful to the body, although, under certain conditions such as an immunocompromised individual
or the age of a person, can produce an onset of signs and symptoms of an infectious disease.
Infectious diseases are communicable, which means they can be spread from person to person,
either through direct contact or through bodily fluids. Infectious diseases can also be spread infected
vectors which are inhaled or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bacteria are unicellular organisms that replicate and multiply by mitosis. Fungal infections occur
due to fungi including organisms such as dermatophytes and yeast, which are made up of structures
called hyphae. On the other hand, viruses are parasites and therefore require a host cell to replicate
and spread.
Distinctions in the micro–organisms structure can be pivotal to not only the function of the pathogen
within the body, but also the means by which it may spread.
An example of a bacterial infection is Tuberculosis, which is a disease of the lungs caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a contagious disease which has various phases to it;
each stage gaining in its severity. An infected person with active TB will show symptoms of
shortness of breath, fatigue, fever, weight loss and possible signs of coughing up blood.
The bacteria is spread when a person with an active infection in their lungs coughs or sneezes and
another person inhales the air containing the bacteria. The bacteria go on to infect white blood cells
called phagoyctes. These may become affected, however, the body 's immune response will seal off
the infected cells in the lungs. The bacteria can become dormant inside the tubercules of the lung
and therefore the infected person may not show any symptoms or signs as the infection is

Foot And Mouth Research Paper
FOOT AND MOUTH: CATTLE
Key Facts
– Foot and Mouth (FMD) is recognized as a highly contagious viral disease which affects cloven–
hooved animals, such as cattle (Bos Taurus) (Grubman and Baxt, 2004).
– The mortality rate is very low as affected animals can recover from the disease, however, due to
the loss of production and infectious state of the disease, infected animals are usually culled.
– The outbreak of FMD in the United Kingdom in 2001 caused the destruction of about 6 million
animals from 9,515 farms and losses of £8 million. It then spread to Ireland, the Netherlands and
France.
Aetiology
Aphthovirus is the virus that causes FMD.
Epidemiology
FMD is spread by direct and indirect contact with infected substances, mechanical vectors ... Show
It can also survive 14 days in dry faecal matter, 39 days in urine and up to 28 days in soil.
After infection with the FMD virus, the average incubation period in cattle is 2–14 days. The
incubation period of FMD can vary and is highly dependent on the environment, host, virus strain
and the way in which the individual got infected (e.g. inhalation or ingestion).
Diagnosis
Symptoms of FMD include:
– Drop in milk production and blisters on teats
– Lameness or difficulty walking due to blisters on feet
– Significant increase in body temperature for 3 consecutive days
– Vesicles that discharge clear or cloudy fluid
– Sticky and foamy saliva
– Weight loss/anorexia due to painful tongue and mouth blisters
– Abortions
– Heart disease and sudden death
In cattle, the clinical signs of the disease are easily confused with the symptoms of vesicular
stomatitis (Alexandersen, Zhang, Donaldson and Garland, 2003). Therefore, laboratory testing is
essential for diagnosis. Bodily fluids are taken for testing. If no vesicles can be found, fluid can be

collected by pharyngeal swabbing for virus isolation or reverse transcription PCR. Serum (blood)
samples may also be tested this way (OIE Terrestrial Manual,

Expert System Essay
Expert systems as a mean of conducting medical diagnosis and recommending successful treatments
have been a highly active research field in the past few years. Expert systems can assist medical
professionals and other users in providing correct diagnosis and suggesting effective treatments of
diseases. In other words, intelligent systems for diagnosing common illnesses can provide easy
access to a wealth of information that may help hospitals reduce excessive costs from unnecessary
laboratory test and provide more effective patient treatment, while maintaining high quality of
medical care.
On the other hand, since infants are exposed to different types of common illness such as: jaundice,
thrush, blocked tear ducts, cradle cap, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. BACKGROUND:
This section provides succinct and coherent information about the important techniques and
concepts that are related to this project such as what is an expert system and what is the ID3
algorithm which is used as the data mining technique. The following subsections are an overview
for each of these concepts:
2.1 Expert Systems:
Expert systems are computer programs capable of performing a task that normally requires the
knowledge from experts in the field [9]. Two different approaches represent knowledge in expert
systems. One is based on production rules (IF–THEN), which are applied to the knowledge base in
an orderly manner to produce the solution to a diagnostic problem [3]. The second approach is based
on nodal networks of disease features linked together in a variety of patterns against which the new
patient's features are compared by pattern matching. Some recent systems combine features of both
approaches. A second generation of expert systems now make use of networks where causal
pathophysiological information is embodied. This latter type provides particularly complex
explanatory feedback [9].
There are many different techniques that can be used by expert systems and clinical decision support
systems in order to improve the systems work such as: Causal Probabilistic Network, Neural
Network, Bayesian Network,

Honeysweet Plum Trees Chapter 3 Summary
Chapter 7 Article 3: Honeysweet Plum Trees A Transgenic Answer to the Plum Pox Problem
Chapter eight of the textbook, Biosecurity and Bioterrorism Containing and Preventing Biological
Threats, by Jeffrey R. Ryan, goes into extensive detail on the important role that agriculture plays in
the United States food supply. Due to the fact that agriculture plays a large part in the enhancing and
sustaining of society as a whole, it is terrifying when diseases begin to take root. One of the major
threats the United States faces, when it comes to agriculture, is forging animal diseases, or FAD
(Ryan, 2016, p. 187). To better explain, FAD is considered to be serious animal diseases that are not
conceived in the United States (Ryan, 2016,

Clinical Observation
I learned many new things at my clinical rotation in Bentaub hospital this fall semester. At Bentaub,
I was exposed to a diverse group of individuals from the community. It is very important to
emphasize that, although, there were many different types of diseases in the hospital; there is one
particular disease that I would like to expand on and that is diabetes. Diabetes was very common in
many of the patients that I had the opportunity to interact with and care for. One specific patient that
I would like to talk about is a 48–year–old Hispanic male with a history of diabetes who previously
was only taking metformin oral medication at home before coming to the hospital's emergency
room. When I first meet him in the unit, he was scared and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The third finger of the left foot was necrotic (death tissue). The left foot was swollen and you could
easily notice the difference between the right and the left foot. I have represented my patient's
diabetes in this piece of art work. As you can see, both of his feet are in the canvas, the right foot is
free of necrotic tissue and inflammation. On the other hand, the left foot has one toe at risk for
amputation due to the lack of blood flow to the area and the death tissue. After he found out that his
toe would most likely be amputated, there was a dark cloud of uncertainty in the patient's eyes. Yet
after the nurse and the diabetic educator spoke to the patient the uncertainty transformed to hope.
Hope in living a normal life after the amputation and in managing his glucose by self–injecting
insulin at home with the help of family members. I decided to represent both feet gold because the
color gold stands for optimism and a positive attitude. Also the color gold represents the splendor
and divinity of God My patient confident for the future and I am a witness of it. I hear him praying
aloud many times while assessing other patients in the room where he was

Pros And Cons Of Mcdonalds
<center>McDonalds: Welcome sign in the high street or a place to avoid?</center>
 
 In this essay I will be discussing the pros and cons of fast foods. Now a day every body will
recognize the golden arches of McDonalds, it is hard not to. McDonalds has restaurants everywhere,
beside major roads and in almost every high street. Their commercials are on television at least once
a day. They became popular within a couple of years. Teenagers especially like McDonalds because
of the relaxed atmosphere, cheap prizes and the fact that all over the world you know what you are
buying. In restaurants I find that the waiter there look at me and think that I might not be able to pay
for the meal. With McDonalds I find that every person is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
If health stores had the money to advertise then I am sure that they too would be popular. Just as it is
now health shops are rather expensive and have a major "hippy" label. If the prices would go down
and the public realized what was better for them, the popularity of the stores would increase.
 
 I don't understand who decides what is popular or not. I think that people are just like blind
dummies that just follow the majority, being different is just not accepted by society
 
 After taking a survey in the class it turned out that eleven people out of fifteen went to
McDonalds in the last seven days at least once. I think that the reason that McDonalds is so popular
is because McDonalds is an American way of life, and by eating it you are buying into the American
life style. America has always dominated trends, not only in eating habits but also in fashion and
Americans mostly dominate the music charts.
 
 Personally I like eating at McDonalds, but it is not like I have to eat there because my whole
class eats there. I eat there when I am in a rush or am low on cash. I do prefer the fast food
restaurant "Shakies", which is a restaurant that sells biological milkshakes and healthy sandwiched.
These kinds of restaurants are gaining popularity, especially with the whole foot and mouth disease.
McDonalds sales went down one fifth because of BSE and foot and mouth disease. I think that
people should make the switch to health foods

Know what to do when children or young people are ill or...
1. Signs and symptoms of some common childhood illnesses:
Chicken pox– Chickenpox is a mild and common childhood illness that most children catch at some
point. It causes a rash of red, itchy spots that turn into fluid–filled blisters. They then crust over to
form scabs, which eventually drop off. However, even before the rash appears, the child may have
some mild flu–like symptoms including:
feeling sick
a high temperature (fever) of 38ºC or over
aching, painful muscles
headache
generally feeling unwell
loss of appetite
Hand, foot and mouth disease– is a viral infection that can affect young children.
It doesn 't usually pose a serious threat to a child 's health, but it can be an unpleasant condition,
particularly if ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Circumstances where a child may need urgent medical attention: Some children may be too young
or may not be physically able to tell you when they need medical attention due to a disability. Often
children and young people can become seriously ill very suddenly which means that as a member of
staff you should be alert to any changes in their behaviour which could indicate pain or nausea.
When a child becomes sick or lets you know that they feel unwell, you will need to sufficiently look

The Coxsackie Virus
Opening: Hand, foot, and mouth are parts of human body have the highest change to get contagious
infection. There are many viruses but Enterovirus groups, (most common is the coxsackie virus) is
the main factor. These viruses can spread through direct contact from person to person especially
with those have bad habits such as: unusually washed hands or surfaces contaminated with feces. An
infected person's saliva, stool, or respiratory secretions can transmit the infection. Body: CAUSES –
A kind of virus called an enterovirus is the reason causes hand–foot–and–mouth disease. –
Coughing and sneezing can spread the viruses easily. Infected stool may be infectious, such as
changing a diaper or children use hands to touch their stool before touching another objects and put
in their mouths.. – Viruses can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One or two days after, sores or blisters start to appear in or on the mouth and on the hands, feet and
buttocks. In some cases, a skin rash's appearance happens before the blisters do. The blisters may
break open and crust over. – The sores and blisters usually disappear after a week or more. – In
some cases there are very mild symptoms or no symptoms at all . Parents and children can get
disease without realizing it before. PREVENTIONS – Good hygiene is practiced day by day is the
best defense against hand, foot, and mouth disease. Regular clean hand, foot and mouth can greatly
reduce risk of infecting this virus. – Make sure you teach your children correctly how to wash their
hands using hot water and soap. After that, they can do it individually. Hands need always washing
after using the restroom, before eating, and after going out in public. Children should also be
educated not to let their hands or other objects in or close to their

Coxsackievirus Case Studies

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