Loyalty programs have failed to evolve in the digital age, leading to low participation rates and significant customer dissatisfaction, with 21 programs per U.S. household and only 44% actively used. Key issues include a lack of reward relevance and flexibility, poor customer service, and inadequate multi-channel experiences. Successful examples like Starbucks and Air Canada illustrate the effectiveness of mobile integration, gamification, and personalized rewards in enhancing engagement.