Logistics And Phyical Distribution

Logistics and Phyical Distribution
An organization focuses on many aspects and strategies that address customers' needs and wants.
The organization develops a product that includes many steps such as, product life cycle, type of
brand, packaging and labeling, but the final step is how to have their product accessible to the
consumer, which is distribution. A distribution channel is the path where products, including their
ownership, flow from producer to consumer. There are many paths an organization can choose to
send their product. Physical distribution is the actual movement of products from a producer to
consumers. When an organization decides on what distribution channel to use, it creates the final
link in the supply chain. A supply chain is the complete order ... Show more content on
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Distribution costs and time is also another factor that the economy plays part it. Because of the
requirements of modern distribution, the issue of time is becoming increasingly important in the
management of commodity chains. Time is a major issue for freight shipping as it imposes inventory
holding and depreciation costs, which becomes sensitive for tightly integrated supply chains (Dr.
Jean–Paul Rodrique and Dr. Markus Hesse, "Logistics and Freight Distribution," 12/30/2007,
http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/conc5en/cn5c4en.html, accessed on April 15, 2008).
While the costs of fuel increases, more and more logistic buyers are taking this opportunity to
negotiate and renegotiate lower base–rate increases with carriers such as less–than–truckload (LTL).
The market is also giving advantages to logistics to negotiate with carriers on fuel surcharges
schedules and caps, expecting a longer term benefit if fuel prices continue to increase. A Bears
Stearns analysts quoted, "We have heard from both shippers and carriers that the carriers are having
more difficulty passing through fuel costs as shippers are increasingly negotiating lower surcharge
schedules or capping their existing fuel surcharges, lowering overall pricing in both short–term and
long–term." While trucking rates continue to stay low as their demand is low, high fuel prices and
overcapacity remain big problems. With this in mind, many buyers are interested in other options
such as rail
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Global Logistics & Strategy: Logistics And Strategy
Logistics and strategy : "Logistics management is that part of the Supply Chain Management
process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverses flow and
storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of
consumption in order to meet customers' requirements." (cscmp.org).
The logistics management activities generally consists of inbound–outbound transportation
management , sourcing , warehouse management , procurement , order fulfilment , materials
handling , network design , inventory management , supply planning ,production planning , demand
planning ,scheduling , packaging and assembly and management of the third party logistic services
and customer service providers etc . ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Logistics capabilities: these are part with complex combinations of organisational structure ,
physical assets , skill of people and integration of resource and information .
The complexity of logistics makes it hard to imitate the company's logistics capabilities, creating a
competitive advantage
Global logistics :
It is the management method or system that helps in controlling of the forward and reverse flow of
materials, information and services in an international corporation . the implementation of global
logistics helps in implementing cost–saving programs like JIT , EDI etc, Global operations of
business increase the complexity of logistics . It follows 2 phases of movement of materials in the
system they are:
 Timely movement of parts, materials, and supplies.
 Timely movement of the firm's final product to its customers.
Mintzberg (1987) therefore presents five definitions of strategy: strategy as plan, ploy, pattern,
position, and perspective: ƒ
Strategy as Plan: The strategy is developed purposefully and consciously to the operations or actions
are tend to carried

China Cold Chain Logistics Industry Report, 2014-2017 -...
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Industry (20142020) to boost the cold chain logistics industry toward large scale, standardization
and modernization.
View Full Report At: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis/239408
China cold chain logistics industry is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a country as large and geographically diverse as India, refrigerated road transport is crucial for the
safe circulation of fresh and frozen perishables.
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Logistics : Logistics And Distribution Of Physical Goods
Introduction
Source: Leeway Logistics, 2015
Logistics is considered as an operational process which includes activities such as storing,
transporting and distribution of physical goods. E– Commerce has made a big change in logistics
and distribution processes. Due to introduction of online purchases, way of handling materials have
also been changed. Online retail industry is being expanded year to year. According to Goldman
Sachs, Online Sales will reach $750B mark by 2016 with annual growth rate of 20%.
There was a need of new logistics processes to successfully manage this growing industry. In early
days purchased materials were usually delivered via postal, freight network or parcel. Nowadays in
the era of E–commerce the ways of operating logistics functions have been changed with
introduction of Mega e–fulfilment centres, parcel hubs centres and parcel delivery centres. In first
two centres the orders are sorted by post codes so that they can be dispatched to the correct delivery
centres for final delivery at customer's home. Primary advantage of E–commerce logistics system is
real time tracking of materials as organizations can track current status of transit goods such as
quantity, location and variety. This helps to improve the efficiency and also helps to operate logistics
operations with low cost. Below graph shows the growth of online sales against In–store sales. In
the era of online retail industry, logistics and supply chain management are key factors to

Erp Management System Is The Mode Of The Modern Enterprise...
ERP management system is the mode of the modern enterprise management. It is a company–wide
application, highly integrated system, covering the customer, project management, inventory and
purchasing supplies production, by optimizing the enterprise resources to maximize resource
efficiency. ERP management software is a management accounting as the core of the information
system, identifying and planning the enterprise resources, thereby obtaining a customer order,
complete the processing and delivery, finally get customer payment. FreeEIM ERP management
software to integrate all resources within the enterprise together, to the procurement, production,
costs, inventory, distribution, transportation, finance, human resource planning, so as to achieve the
best resources combination, to achieve the best results. Enterprise in the ever–changing market
opportunity and the challenge of the environment, such as price and service level must constantly
change and improve enterprise management mode, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Just
focus on the internal process improvement, product development and the improvement of
manufacturing has not enough to meet the current market environment. In this article, I am going to
talk about the chosen ERP system in Wal–Mart and more details about how they management the
company by using this ERP system. In the United States "fortune" magazine published 2011 annual
global fortune 500 list, Wal–Mart department store co., LTD. (Wal

Walmart, The Largest Public Service Company
INTRODUCTION TO WALMART
Walmart Inc. is the largest retailer in the United States. It is the largest public service company in the
world. Just to give you an idea about the size of its operations, if Walmart was a country, it would
have been the 25th biggest economy in the world. As of 2016, Walmart has more than 11,200 stores
across 27 countries and by the end of 3rd quarter of 2015 had $15 Billion worth of Inventories.
Walmart was founded in the year 1962 in Bentonville, Arkansas by Mr. Sam Walton. In its maiden
year of operations, the company garnered revenues of $700,000 in sales. In the next 12 years, it
made a drastic rise to $ 5.4 million in sales and subsequently crossed $ 1Billion mark in 1980. By
the year 2002, the company's revenues equaled to 2.3% of the GDP of USA, making it the biggest
Retailer in the United States, having already overtaken K–mart in 1992 and in 2000. Walmart had a
continuous exponential rise since its inception. This year the company reported revenues of $ 478
Billion with gross profit at staggering $ 121 Billion. This graphical representation shows Walmart's
growth in the past decade.
With these kinds of numbers, having an effective and efficient supply chain management strategy
and system is imperative. The entire organization is committed to a business model of driving costs
out of supply chains to enable consumers to save money and live better.
OPERATION OVERVIEW
So the question arises, how does Walmart manage it?
Strategically,

The Impact of Globalisation on Logistic Service Providers
Biographical Note Dr. Seyed–Mahmoud Aghazadeh
is in the Department of Business Administration, School of Business, State University of New York
at Fredonia, Fredonia, NY 14063, USA.
How to Choose an Effective Third Party Logistics Provider by Seyed–Mahmoud Aghazadeh
Abstract The purpose of this article was to identify the steps that need to be taken when choosing an
effective third party logistics provider. Based on the research completed, it was determined that third
party logistics are beneficial to many companies. The use of third party logistics provides a
competitive advantage in today's business world. The optimal solution for a company choosing a
third party logistic provider would be a five–step process. Introduction The ... Show more content on
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The focus of the present article is on identifying the steps involved in choosing a good TPL
provider, and these steps will be mostly related to the retail and service industries. Every industry
has its own unique needs and so it is important that the TPL provider is right for the particular
company. This research shows that TPL can be very effective if the proper tools are used in
implementing one. Background Logistics is the process of strategically managing movement and
storage of material or products and related information from any point in the manufacturing process
through consumer fulfilment. Many articles and abstracts focus on how TPL are being used more
often. TPL has become a more popular technique for managing transportation, warehouse and
inventory management. TPL are often seen as providers of the integrated supply chain, which uses
many value–added services to work with the customer. The market for TPL services is growing by
18 to 22 per cent a year. TPL originally began as public warehousing during the 1970's. Managers of
warehouses began selling space to businesses in the area that had run out of space or were in need of
additional space during the busy seasons. During the 1980's TPL expanded into selling not only
space but also offering throughput to physical distribution managers who wanted to improve
customer service with their current customers. By the 1990's TPL saw the consolidation of both
warehousing and transportation organisations to offer

E Commerce Boom 's Impact On Logistics Essay
The E–Commerce Boom's Impact on Logistics by Matt Magpantay, Marketing Associate, Evans
Distribution Systems The time of elaborate, multi–story shopping centers is rapidly coming to a
close with the rise of Ecommerce. Over the last decade, technology has inspired an online retail
boom that has benefitted some retailers, while leaving others helpless. With the younger generations
embracing smart phones and tablets, Ecommerce's role has shifted from an untested frontier to a
vital pillar for the retail industry. In fact, total global business to customer (B2C) Ecommerce sales
was expected to top $1.5 trillion in 2014, and it is anticipated to grow 88.4% to $2.3 trillion by
2017. Ecommerce in the United States is also expected to have an annual growth rate of 9.8%
between 2013 and 2018. Europe, on the other hand, is expected to grow larger with an annual
growth rate of 12% within the same time frame. In addition to those two established markets,
emerging markets will also play a key role in the future as the demand for smart phones and tablets
will grow alongside a burgeoning middle class. Furthermore, a study made by OC & C Strategy
Consulting shows that Ecommerce export values will increase annually by 30% between 2013 and
2020. The Ascension of Online Grocery Shopping In most countries, shopping for groceries is the
largest category of retail spending, but it has also been one of the most resistant to change. In the
United Kingdom, for example, online grocery

Reverse Logistics in the Uk Retail Sector
REVERSE LOGISTICS: CHALLENGES AND ISSUES FACED BY THE MAJOR RETAIL
PLAYERS IN THE UK.
INTRODUCTION:
"In the sweat of your face you shall eat bread till you return to the ground, for out of it you were
taken; For dust you are, And to dust you shall return." Genesis 3:19.
Effective and efficient management of product returns is an intriguing practical and research
question. Growing green concerns and advancement of reverse logistics (RL) concepts and practices
make it all the more relevant. Three drivers (economic, regulatory and consumer pressure) drive
product returns worldwide. This has also gained momentum because of fierce global
competitiveness, heightened customer expectations, pressures on profitability and superior supply ...
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However it generalizes "point of consumption" to "a manufacturing, distribution or use point" and
"point of origin" to "a point of recovery or point of proper disposal." In this way we give margin to
return flows that were not consumed first (for instance, stock adjustments due to overstocks or spare
parts which were not used). We employ the expression "point of recovery" instead of "point of
origin" since flows may go back to other points of recovery than the original (e.g. collected
computer chips may enter another chain). Besides this, "point of recovery" stresses the distinction
we want to make between reverse logistics and pure waste management activities. Furthermore, we
include the reverse direction through the term "backward flows," to exclude what can be considered
as forward recovery. For instance, when a consumer gives his/her personal computer to the
neighbour. In summary, the definition of Reverse Logistics has changed over time, starting with a
sense of reverse direction, going through an overemphasis on environmental aspects, coming back
to the original pillars of the concept, and finally widening its scope. For other discussions on the
evolution of the definition of reverse logistics, we refer to Rogers and Tibben–Lembke (2001) and to
Fernand´ez (2003).
Since Reverse Logistics is a relatively new research and empirical area, the

Logistics Management
MBA 4.2: LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT
Module 1
Introduction to Logistics and its interface with production and Marketing; Measures of Logistics;
Physical distribution and logistics.
Introduction to Logistics
When total supply chain system is integrated over a firm, it is known as logistics
It is an integrated effort aimed at helping customer value at a lower cost.
Without logistical support, marketing and manufacturing departments cannot accomplish product in
timely or fresh manner.
The value of logistics is evaluated when the inventory is correctly positioned to facilitate sale. It is
very costly to create a logistical value.
A firm gains competitive advantage by providing customer with superior service through quality
logistics.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Components
In order to achieve logistics operational objectives, while achieving its mission, a large no. of
individual activities are required to perform, which constitutes functions of logistics management
system. Different components constitute differently in the achievement of logistics mission and
objectives which can be grouped in 3 broad categories.
a. Generic components
b. Primary components
c. Supportive components
Generic Components
Primary Components
Supportive Components
Components of a typical logistical system
Purchasing, packaging, inventory control, material handling, order processing, customer service,
demand forecasting, distribution communications, parts & service support, plant or warehouse
selection (location analysis), return goods handling, salvage & scrap disposal, traffic and

transportation, and warehousing and storage.
Logistics Management
Definition
Logistical management includes the design and administration of system to control the flow of
material, WIP and finished inventory to support business unit strategy.
Overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total
cost.
LOGISTICAL TOTAL COST – includes the cost of physical distribution system and cost of
logistical supply chain
PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM cost

Wal Mart 's Distribution And Logistics System Essay
1. Wal–Mart has been able to achieve respectable leadership in the retail industry because of its
focus on supply chain management. Discuss in detail the distribution and logistics system adopted
by Wal–Mart.
A few reasons as to why Wal–Mart became a leader in the retail industry is due to their practices in
obtaining competitive advantage by offering the lowest prices for the market. Wal–Mart built their
practices by giving suppliers transparency to meet the demand of customers and granting them
long–term relationships by purchasing goods in bulks. In addition, their turn times on inventory are
three–five days faster than regular competitors. The inventory shelves are similar to Honda since
they only hold up to four hours of inventory in their manufacturing site. Also, Wal–Mart holds their
own transportation which is why they can manage their costs efficiently for the company. Their
transportations system constitutes links between suppliers, distribution centers and retail stores.
They have restrictive criteria for drivers where in order for them to be hired they would have to be
accident free for a consistency of minimum 300,000 miles accident free. The supply chain practice
that they have gained since they began the business was strategically faster and cheaper than all
competitors. 85% of Walmart's inventory is taken care of by their own transportation system and
only about fifteen percent is taken care of by the suppliers through cross–docking. Wal–Mart uses

Case Study Of Yang Kee
(a) Company background
Yang Kee:
Established in 1990 and with its headquarters in Singapore, Yang Kee Logistics was founded with
only a fleet of two trucks as a trucking company. Today, it is a global supply chain logistics partner
with a global presence in eight countries.
They invest in many latest facilities, today, with over 1.2 million square feet of built–up area of
warehouses, they are one of the leading logistics and warehousing companies in Singapore.
The company currently has a team of over 400 Yang Kee network and employees, readied with
extensive skill and experience in a wide range of industries such as the polymer, chemical, consumer
and retail, and project logistics industries.
As a provider of complete logistics services within Singapore and across multiple countries, our
advantage lies in our ability to provide our customers convenient compact solutions. Other benefits
include quicker turnaround time and higher cost–viability.
Yang Kee is not only supported by top ocean and air freight transporters; they are also associated to
the most critical worldwide supply chain base.
In 2015, Yang Kee celebrated its twenty–fifth anniversary of entrepreneurial success in the logistics
industry.
(222)
CWT:
CWT, which is called 'Connecting World Trade', was founded ... Show more content on
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They offer total logistics services to companies worldwide. A complete logistics solutions provider,
we provide services encompassing Warehousing & Inventory Management, Distribution, LCL &
FCL Transportation, Cross Border Transportation, Container Freight Station (CFS), Container Yard
& Projects (Oil & Gas), Heavy Lift and Conventional Cargo Handling, Chemical Handling &
Storage, International Freight Forwarding, as well as Customs Clearance and Forwarding

Nursing Case Study
Inclusion of the 674 patients who completed a HCCA into these data, gives a slightly different
perspective into the variables. Appendix~ref{AppendixB} further shows the R output of the Cox–
PH model in the data set for patients with a CA and HCCA. After using the stepAIC function (as
discussed in Chapter~ref{Chapter3}) and manually removing variables with coefficients between –
1 and 1, only 10 variables are chosen, namely; Meds to be initiated, Expected living arrangement,
self–rated health, Urgency for comprehensive, face–to–face assessment, Urgency – Nursing,
Urgency – Physiotherapy, Urgency – Occupational therapy, Service urgency and Client
Groupfootnote{These variables are coded iA32ba, iA33, iA34, iJ7, iNN4, iNN5a, iNN5c, iNN5d',
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While both output from the Cox–PH model and output from the AFT model suggests that age at
assessment and expected residential living status, say, are important variables for predicting
mortality, we will see in the next section that modelling through the classification and regression
trees identifies a slightly different set of results. subsection{ Results from regression and
classification tree model (n=1991).} Results in this section are all based on the data set for patients
who completed a CA and those who completed HCCA assessments.newline The output in
Figure~ref{MiddSurvTree} suggests that ADL performance – Dressing lower body – admission is
in fact the single most important variable for partitioning patients with a contact assessment and
those with both a contact and home care assessment. It also prescribes survival times for each
partitioning. As explained in chapter~ref{Chapter3}, in linear regression a global model is
constructed for the entire data space, while partitioning trees partition the data space recursively
exposing the effect of different interactions in the data space.The graph highlights significant two–
way and three– way interactions between variables. For instance we can see that patients who did
not have problems with activities of daily living performance (level 0 for iG2n1) have higher
survival times than those who did (level 1). The

Murphy Contemporary Logistics 10e
PART III
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Logistics clearly contributes to ___________ and ___________ utility.
a. time; place
b. form; time
c. place; form
d. possession; time
e. none of the above
(a; p. 3)
2. ___________ utility refers to the value or usefulness that comes from a customer being able to
take possession of a product.
a. Time
b. Place
c. Form
d. Possession
(d; p. 3)
3. ___________ utility refers to having products available where they are needed by customers.
a. Possession
b. Time
c. Place
d. Form
(c; p. 3)
4. All of the following are types of economic utility, except:

a. Time
b. Production
c. Place
d. Possession
e. All of the above are types of economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marketing; production
d. Finance; logistics
(d; p. 12)
21. A common interface between production and logistics involves:
a. the use of plastic versus wood pallets
b. the mode of transportation
c. shipment pricing
d. the length of production runs
(d; p. 13)
22. ___________ refers to the delay of value–added activities such as assembly, production, and
packaging to the latest possible time.
a. Building blocks
b. Deferral
c. Demurrage
d. Postponement
(d; p. 13)
23. The four basic components of the marketing mix include all of the following except:
a. price
b. production
c. product
d. place
(b; p. 14)
24. Branding alliances allow customers to purchase products from two or more name–brand retailers
at one store location. Which of the following statements about branding alliances is false?
a. They offer potential customers convenience by satisfying multiple needs at one place
b. They boost brand awareness
c. They don't create any logistical challenges
d. They increase customer spending per transaction
e. All of the above are true
(c; p. 14)
25. Landed costs refer to:

a. a product that is shipped via surface transport
b. a product that is quoted cash on delivery (COD)
c. a prepaid shipment
d. a price that includes both the cost of the product plus transportation to the buyer
(d; p. 15)
26. ____________ refers to being out of an item at the same time there is demand for it.
a. Intensive distribution
b. Stockout
c. Rhochrematics
d. Supplier

green logistics
Assignment: Green logistics Sjoerd de Kreij & Bas Scheepers ID:2013319400 & 2013319495
General logistics
It is widely known that logistics plays a major role in the product and service production. Logistics
is described as: ''the part of Supply Chain Management that plans, implements, and controls the
efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information
between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers '
requirements''.i It is important in all the business processes and concentrates on moving goods and
services from suppliers to producers to the end consumers. One important part of logistics is the
transportation industryii. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Packaging is an example of operational performance. Environmental aware companies developed
new ways of packaging their products such that production process became more environmental
friendly and the delivery of products could be more efficient.
Applications green logistics
One company that made a strategic mission of being more environmental friendly and continuously
focuses on reducing the environmental impact of their product is the Dutch beer company Heineken.
The company applied the green logistics management in their supply chain by identifying were
potential improvements could be made. According to Heinekens' sustainability report, they focused
on many elements to become greenxiii. It focused on inbound and outbound logistics, packaging and
the logistics of the their human resources.
Packaging
As stated before, packaging is an example of operational performance in logistics. Heineken of
course, also developed new ways of packaging their products so that production process became
more environmental friendly and the delivery of products would become more efficient. Although
packaging is a way to express their brand and presents where they stand for, it is also a big part of
their carbon footprint and part of polluting factors. Therefore Heineken renewed their packaging
policy at the second half of 2012. This policy tries to achieve to maintain quality and the expression
of the

Systems And Logistics Support Management
Gregory Long
MG 5061: Systems and Logistics Support Management
Third Party Logistics Providers
Dr. Janice Spangenberg
April 10, 2016
Introduction Blanchard (2006) defined third party logistics as, "A single entity that coordinates all
the logistics requirements for a given company/agency." Today's world business environment has
become so competitive that companies in order to be successful in the market must deal with
different resources for satisfying their customer need. In the past decade or so the competitive global
market has made a big influence in the growing for external business. Third party logistics providers
are more and more employing external companies for inventory management, transportation,
warehousing, and other value added activities for customer services. Third party logistics ultimate
goal is to provide a competitive advantage to the organization for which they are serving. According
to Cardinal Logistics (2012), "Third–Party Logistics is an effective way to reduce operational costs,
and allow a company to focus on their core competencies.
Overview of Third Party Logistics Between the year of 1970 and 1980 it was recognizes as the first
generation of the third party logistics for providing services for shipping and transportation. By the
1980's through the 1990's were non–asset and asset based organizations by increasing the services
level of contribution and by the

Channels of Distribution and Logistics
Chapter 6
Channels of distribution and logistics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this chapter you will: n n n n
comprehend key elements and decisions in distribution channel design be able to evaluate different
configurations of channel structure be familiar with recent trends and developments in channels of
distribution appreciate the importance of managing the physical flows of products, services and
information into, through, and out of the organization to its customers n grasp the meaning and
scope of physical distribution and logistics management n be aware of developments and trends in
production and manufacturing, particularly the growth of 'lean manufacturing' and implications for
logistics n recognize the role of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perishable goods, for example, need to be turned over quickly so direct methods are often applied.
Non–perishable, non–bulky goods can be handled via indirect channels. Some products are more
suited to indirect channels because of environmental characteristics. For example, in some countries
shopping is seen very much as being a leisure activity especially for items like clothing and
furniture, so much so that companies such as the Swedish company IKEA have made this a central
part of their business model. Some organizations have limited discretion over marketing channel
choice owing to economic conditions and legal restrictions. In certain of the Eastern European and
Baltic countries such as Estonia, Latvia and Uzbekistan there is still restricted choice in terms of the
range and scope of retail outlets for marketers.
Any channel decision will have long–term implications for the company, e.g. price will be affected
depending on the number of levels between the manufacturer and the end user. A decision to change
channels is likely be long term so it is important that existing channel structures are constantly
reviewed to exploit opportunities.
STRATEGIC CHANNEL CHOICES
An important consideration when formulating channel policy is the degree of market exposure
sought by the company. Choices available include:
Channels of distribution and logistics

193
n
n
n
Intensive

Supply Chain Management and Logistics Network
Posting ID: 227180
Back to Library Cart
Problem go to solution
Business, Other – Other
KLF Electronics KLF
1. KLF Electronics is an American manufacturer of electronic equipment. The company has a single
manufacturing facility in San Jose California. (20 points)
KLF Electronics distributes its products through five regional warehouses located in Atlanta,
Boston, Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles. In the current distribution system, the United States is
partitioned into five major markets, each of which is served by a single regional warehouse.
Customers, typically retail outlets, receive items directly from the regional warehouses in their
market area. That is, in the current distribution system, each customer is assigned to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the company plans for a single warehousing system, then it is basically focusing on the
centralized warehousing which is responsible for serving the whole market. The network will be
designed with the help of complete analysis of the company 's operations. This will help to design an
efficient strategy for the company. The location and size of the warehouse will be decided. The
transportation and facility costs will also be calculated. The cost set up will be properly estimated.
The network will consist of various facilities like manufacturing center, vendor, distribution center
and customers. There will also be a variety of raw materials and finished products that flow among
these facilities.
Part B: Steps
There are various steps that will be involved for designing a new logistics activity. In the first step,
the currently operating network in the organization should be analyzed. In the second step, the
network optimization database should be designed and populated. After this in the third step, the
alternatives for network design should be created. In the fourth step, the network optimization model
should be adopted. In the fifth step, the tool for network optimization should be selected. In the sixth
step, the network optimization should be implemented. In the seventh step, the alternative network
designs will be evaluated. In the last and the final step, the

Is the term green logistics an oxymoron Essay
Is the Term Green Logistics an Oxymoron
Introduction
Over recent years there has been increasingly more pressure from the public and the government on
organisations to decrease the environmental impact of their logistics operations. The distribution of
products impairs air quailty, produces noise and vibration, causes motor vechicle accidents and
contributes significantly to global warming through greenhouse gas emmisions. The term 'green
logistics' describes attempts by organisations to minimise the environmental impact of logistic
activities (Rodrigue, Slack and Comtois, 2001). Therefore, green logistics would imply
environmentally friendly and efficient transportation and distribution systems. The paradoxes of
green logistics make it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows that 'green logistics' can be achieved through the green procurement of environmentally
friendly vehicles as well as working with suppliers to improve their sustainability performance.
Reverse Logistics
Logisticians can also achieve 'green logistics' through reverse logistics operations which is designed
to reuse products or dispose of them correctly, therefore reducing waste in the system. Rogers and
Tibben–Lembke, (2001, p.130) define reverse logistics "as the process of planning, implementing,
and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of materials, in process inventory and finished
goods, and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin, the purpose of
recapturing value or proper disposal". Efforts that reduce this reverse flow are considered part of
reverse logistics as they reduced the total amount of waste in the supply chain. Reverse logistics
approaches include returns management, product repair/refurbishment, recycling of products and
materials as well as the correct disposal of unwanted products. Figure 1 illustrates the product flow
in reverse logistics and the principles of reverse logistics i.e. substitute, reduce, recycle and reuse
(Wu and Dunn, 1995). All these reverse logistic approaches diminish the total quantity of waste in
the supply chain and therefore can be used by logisticians in order to achieve green logistics.
Fujitsu and 'Green Logistics'
Fujitsu is an

The Distribution And Logistics Of Solar Panels
D. Logistics and Operations The distribution and logistics of Solar panels involve unique challenges
which a supply chain logistics partner should understand and provide customized solutions. (World
Trans Inc.) The logistic company should understand the solar energy landscape and have the
capabilities to provide transportation of raw materials, distribution to the site, warehousing the
panels, final mile delivery, reverse logistics, waste management and installation. (JSI Logistics) We
at CFN, recommend such a logistics firm which will provide all of the above services involving
ocean transportation of panels, hardware and building equipment to the port of destination,
Casablanca which has the capacity to meet client 's FCL. As the goods will be exported from
Canada to Casablanca, we will be going with CIF incoterm strategy. Following logistics packaging
methodologies should be considered – Materials – Use of multiple materials which are both
acceptable globally and critical for African hot climate during transportation Module Orientation –
Due to their flat and large dimensions, solar modules have very different response to mechanical
vibration depending on orientation of module during transportation The orientation for shipment
should be changed to the X or Y axes to justify product protection Cost Efficiency – Larger the
dimensions of the solar modules more the overall distribution cost and therefore logistics Products
needs to be sized efficiently for better

Logistics : Logistics And Distribution Of Physical Goods...
Introduction
Source: Leeway Logistics, 2015
Logistics is considered as an operational process which includes activities such as storing,
transporting and distribution of physical goods. E– Commerce has made a big change in logistics
and distribution processes. Due to introduction of online purchases, way of handling materials have
also been changed. Online retail industry is being expanded year to year. According to Goldman
Sachs, Online Sales will reach $750B mark by 2016 with annual growth rate of 20%.
There was a need of new logistics processes to successfully manage this growing industry. In early
days purchased materials were usually delivered via postal, freight network or parcel. Nowadays in
the era of E–commerce the ways of operating logistics functions have been changed with
introduction of Mega e–fulfilment centres, parcel hubs centres and parcel delivery centres. In first
two centres the orders are sorted by post codes so that they can be dispatched to the correct delivery
centres for final delivery at customer's home. Primary advantage of E–commerce logistics system is
real time tracking of materials as organizations can track current status of transit goods such as
quantity, location and variety. This helps to improve the efficiency and also helps to operate logistics
operations with low cost. Below graph shows the growth of online sales against In–store sales. In
the era of online retail industry, logistics and supply chain management are key factors to

Logistics Strategy
Content
1. Logistic also plays a role in customer satisfaction
1.1 Overview
2. What is a logistic strategy?
3. Why implement a logistics strategy?
4. What is involved in developing a logistics strategy?
5. What is involved in developing a logistics strategy?
5.1 Strategic
5.2 Structural
5.3 Functional
5.4 Implementation
6. Components to examine when developing a logistics strategy
1. Transportation
6.2 Outsourcing
6.3 Logistics systems
6.4 Competitors
6.5 Information
6.6 Strategy review

7. Strategic logistics planning
8. Risk profiles
9. Strategic logistics planning options
10. The strategic logistic plan
11. Developing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some are now also assisting their clients in inventory planning and forecasting. As a result, many
services organizations no longer believe that they need to perform these activities themselves in
addition to the various manufacturing, sales and marketing, and customer service activities that they
are already performing on a day–to–day basis.
However, as more services organizations realize that the increasing costs of inventory management
and logistics are likely to impact both their bottom lines and their ability to support customers –
especially if they are presently running either an outdated or otherwise inefficient operation to begin
with – they may have some strong reservations with respect to outsourcing some of these key
activities. The greatest fear among most organizations is that outsourcing will almost immediately
result in the lessening of customer service performance, either real or perceived, and therefore, loss
of control over an historically critical component of their overall customer service and support
equation.
Those organizations that have already moved toward outsourcing suggest that there are still many
ways in which to ensure that the organization retains control over these critical areas. It is true that
some still believe that there are no outsource vendors that are truly global in terms of their inventory
management and logistics capabilities – that

Logistics Distribution And Warehousing: Case Study
Course: GSCM550 – Logistics, Distribution and Warehousing
Assignment: Chapter 2 – Study Question – 1, 4 Chapter 3 – Study Question – 2, 4
Chapter 2
Question 1: Illustrate a common trade–off that occurs between the work areas of logistics.
According to Bowersox (2012) "trade–offs between procurement, manufacturing, and logistics is to
understand that the trade–off is between the cost and risk associated with anticipatory manufacturing
and the loss of economy of scale resulting from introducing flexible procedures".
The illustration of trade–off that occurs between the functional areas of logistics, the common trade–
offs discussed in our textbook are:
Order processing – main importance to meet customer requirements ... Show more content on
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It all depends on the level or urgency and level of quantity for each customer. The primary service
output is important to accommodate customer's needs. For example, during holiday season,
electronic companies are rushing to manufacture TV's, and other electronic products for customers
in busy season, while other companies like outdoor furniture which are required at later date like
summer.
According to Bowersox, "Meeting customer requirements for service outputs has important
implications for how supply chains are configured, what types of participating companies may be
included to satisfy service requirements, and the costs that are incurred in the process". The firms
that differ in the level of each service output are those that are eliminating discrepancies to make
room for what is supplied when are needed.
Ref: Bowersox. Supply Chain Logistics, 4th Edition. McGraw–Hill Learning Solutions, 01/2012.
VitalBook file.
Study Question #4. Compare and contrast the customer service, customer satisfaction, and customer
success philosophies of supply chain management.
When comparing and contrasting the customer service, customer satisfaction, and customer success

philosophies of supply chain management are created to enhance success of such customers.
According to Bowersox (2012) the following philosophies are focusing to meet expectations such as
the

Customer Satisfaction And Logistics System Problems Essay
Student : Cuifeng Li
Course: MGT–3120
Instructor: Dr. Bock
Analysis Jingdong Group: Customer Satisfaction and Logistics System Problems
Jingdong Group was founded by Liu Qiangdong in the beginning of 2004. Since it established,
Jingdong has committed to providing pleasant online shopping experience for its consumers, built
up the "authentic" concept of fake zero tolerance. Because of that, it quickly grow to become the
largest 3C online shopping platform in China's B2C market. It is one of the most popular and
influential online shopping sites in the field of e–commerce in China. Currently, Jingdong has 25
million registered users throughout the country and more than 6000 suppliers has established
collaborations with Jingdong. It sells home appliances, electronics, digital communications, figures
products and related accessories, computers, home furnishing, clothing, jewelries, baby products,
books, food and other 11 categories of tens of brands in million kinds of high–quality goods. There
are more than 300 thousands orders every day and more than 50 million people visit the website in
daily.
In May 2014, the Jingdong Group was officially listed in the U.S. Nasdaq Stock Exchange market.
It became a large–scale integrated business platform of China which first and successfully listing in
the United States. It was also ranked in the world 's top ten internet companies. In July of 2015,
Jingdong was selected by its virtue of high–growth Nasdaq 100 and Nasdaq 100 average

What Is Transport And Logistics Apprenticeship?
Transport and Logistics Apprenticeships: What you need to know and how to apply for the right one
for you
Transport and logistics Apprenticeships offer a wide range of options to school leavers, you could be
working within transportation, supply chain or even warehouses and many more.
The transport and logistics industry is crucial to the economy without it everything would come to a
halt, that dress or trainers you ordered wouldn't be able to get to you, the bus or train you take
everyday to get to school or work wouldn't operate any more. It really is a vital industry that we rely
on everyday even though we don't realise it.
What will transport and logistics Apprenticeships involve?
Transport and logistics Apprenticeships revolves around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Read the full report.
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/495900/transport–
infrastructure–strategy–building–sustainable–skills.pdf What transport and logistics Apprenticeships
are available to you?
Transport and logistics Apprenticeships offer a challenging but very rewarding career opportunity.
Here is a small handful of the transport and logistics Apprenticeships you can do:
Distribution – People that work within distribution organise shipments and help the manager to
ensure orders are fulfilled on time and correctly. You'll also monitor stock, develop and confirm
schedules and liaise with drivers to ensure vehicle size fit the load and journey time will meet
customer requirements and meet deadlines.
Warehouse – As a warehouse apprentice, you'll receive and process any stock or materials you
receive, you'll pack and prepare shipping orders and organise stock. For this career you'll need to be
physically fit as you'll be carrying heavy loads at

The Transportation System, By Edward Humes : The...
The Transportation System
In a world aligned by the dynamics of technological advancements, it is hard to talk about efficient
movement without mentioning how transportation dominates our daily involvement and activities. A
lot of effort goes into the art of moving things and our bodies from one place to another. In the book
"Door to Door: The Magnificent, Maddening, and Mysterious World of Transportation" by Edward
Humes, the author asserts that we all live in a door to door world with hundreds of thousands miles
embedded in things we do or come into contact with. The complexity of transportation according to
him, is what man is doing to avoid risks, costs, save time, defying all odds to make timely delivery
and affordable products and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of Smartphones has also brought about a population that wants things done instantly. A
revealing look at the reality and impact of our "buy–it–now, same–day–delivery, traffic–packed
world" (Humes, 2016. p 37) However, Smartphones are also considered disruptors or reducers since
they have enhanced the substitution of news–paper to digital news. Previously, newspapers would
have been transported by road or rail which involved a few logistics such as involvement of fuel for
transport, use of carbon paper for printing besides delay in timely delivery. This is not an exception
for music and books which are now readily available at a click on the phone. "Smartphones have
become the Swiss Army knives of the tech world, displacing a host of specialized devices: music
players, alarm clocks, radios, cameras, calculators, tape recorders, GPS navigation devices,
calendars, date books, Rolodexes, handheld gaming devices, metronomes, egg timers, flashlights"
(Humes, 2016. p 21). This is in contrast with the consumer location for commodities globally which
was centralized initially and was limited to a specific geographical area and regional products.
Today, one is spoilt for choice and can shop from food to clothing at the comfort of their homes
without having t worry about transportation. Whether Smartphones are evil in themselves is a

Hospital Supply Chains : Past, Present, And Future
Hospital Supply Chains:
Past, Present, and Future
Coauthored by Jason Henry and Sharon Higgs
?2016. FedEx. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Hospitals managed to remain profitable throughout the years while adapting and complying with
costly changes in regulations as well as increases in operating costs. They were able to accomplish
this primarily through Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance reimbursements for services.
However, the latest health care reform inititive has severely reduced the percentage of
reimbursements, especially for hospital inpatient services. Less reimbursements coupled with costly
phased rolled–out regulatory requirements is forcing some hospitals out of business.
To stay afloat, hospital executives are looking at the second largest expense after labor; supply chain
management. Executives are examining their business models and recognizing the need to scrutinize
supply chain management practices, which represents nearly half of a hospital or healthcare system?
s operating expense. Healthcare providers have relied heavy upon Group Purchasing Organizations
(GPOs) and third party providers (3PLs) to negiotiate contracts with suppliers to manage supply
chain order fulfilment and transportation.
This white paper focuses on how hospital and Integrated Delivery Networks (IDNs) can manage
their inbound supply chain management to reduce unnecessary costs and increase efficiences that
can significantly improve their

Global Logistics
Global Logistic
Introduction
Dell is a multibillion–dollar corporation that helps empower individual and communities with their
innovative technology. Dell requires that all suppliers (domestically and globally) comply with the
laws and regulations where the suppliers conduct business. Using global suppliers, Dell will need to
understand the logistics to from the foreign suppliers to the end customer's doorsteps. This paper
will advise the factors impacting Dell's transportation needs. It will also recommend the logistic
methods within the local region, domestic, and international shipments. Last, this paper will
summarize Dell's strategic requirements of global logistic. Global logistics will also explain what
Dell will need to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some organizations will strategically place their distribution centers near their large customers just
for this service. Another service level is simply the domestic shipments within the same country.
There is priority over night, second day, and ground. Dell has a transportation management system
that determines the service level automatically based on the customer's zip code. However, the
customer's are able to request their order to ship priority based on a small fee, which varies by
customer. This is called a white glove service, which Dell offers to their largest customers.
Global Logistic Requirement
Dell's company strategy is to deliver a quality product to their customer and the company will not
hold inventory. The orders come in through the internet and that is how purchasing orders the parts
that are needed to supply the customers with orders. Because Dell wanted to be able to touch the
world with their product the internet was their best way of achieving this. The internet gave Dell the
ability to surge in their sales. With the surge in sales, Dell had to take the production of Dell
products to other countries. To do this they had to do research to ensure that they could bridge the
cultural differences and obtain the ability to open plants in major cities where the product could be
sold saving cost in transportation to get the

Outsourcing At Federal Express: The Components Of Reverse...
Introduction
Most of us think of logistics as a one–way street. Products are manufactured, packaged, stored in a
warehouse, sold, and then shipped off to the customer ... end of story. Yet for many logistics
managers today, that's not the end of the story. In addition to managing outbound goods, they also
are responsible for reverse logistics––the flow of returned goods and packaging, including customer
service and final disposition of returned items.
The need to manage waste materials and returned goods is growing in all kinds of industries. Today,
companies like Xerox, Mobil, Home Depot, and Ethan Allen Furniture – to name just a few – have
recycling programs that meet the needs of their individual industries. There are many ... Show more
A solution for many companies that have limited resources for reverse logistics is outsourcing that
function to third parties or transportation companies. It's up to the shipper, though, to examine the
cost and service benefits, then decide how much of the process should be outsourced. "As with any
outsourcing decision, it's a matter of being able to focus on your core competencies and freeing up
your people to work on products rather than expend your assets on [reverse logistics]," suggests
Brett Chyatte, senior marketing specialist for reverse logistics at Federal Express. Components
The primary components of the reverse–logistics operation are retrieval, transportation, and
disposition. The retrieval stage deals with where the waste or products should be picked up and by
whom. Much depends on the nature of the item being returned; if it's clothing, for example, a carrier
can handle all of the pickup and documentation tasks at the consumer's door.
If, on the other hand, the items are oversized, heavy, hazardous, or very delicate, special training
may be necessary for both customers and carriers. Burnham, for example, dismantles photocopiers
for several customers that sell or lease the reconditioned machines. Drivers are trained to remove
internal components that could cause damage in transit, protect glass, secure all moving

The Analysis of the Cost in Logistics Distribution of...
The analysis of the cost in logistics distribution of Wal–Mart supermarket
Contents
1.The related concepts of the distribution cost..................................................................1
1.1Definition......................................................................................................................1 1.2 The
constitution of the logistics distribution cost.................................................1
2.The analysis of factors influencing logistics distribution cost........................................1 2.1 The
service level of logistics distribution...............................................................2 2.2 The rationality of
transport vehicle scheduling....................................................2 2.3 Inventory
decision.....................................................................................................2
3.The example of Wal–Mart Supermarket...........................................................................2 3.1The
development of Wal–Mart Supermarket and distribution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unreasonable inventory may bring about the goods out of stock, the damage to goods, return of
goods, which will not only influence the enterprises' logistics cost, but also affect the enterprise's
distribution efficiency.
3 The example of Wal–Mart Supermarket
3.1The development of Wal–Mart Supermarket and distribution condition
Wal–Mart stores co., LTD. (which from now on is referred as "Wal–Mart") was founded by a legend
of American retail industry, whose name is Sam Walton, in 1962 in Arkansas. After 50 years'
development, Wal–Mart has become one of the world's largest retail enterprises. At present, Wal–
Mart have opened more than 8500 supermarkets in 15 countries with more than 1.6 millions
employees, which are located in the United States, Mexico, Germany, Britain, China, South Korea
and so on. According to the survey, the amount of customers to Wal–Mart is nearly one hundred
million each week.(wikpeda,org)
Wal–Mart is very famous for its low price, which may be brought about by the low cost strategy by
making the logistics cost always low. Wal–Mart reduces the costs in the process of logistics
operation as far as possible, saving the costs to make the goods' prices lower to the consumers. And
this is Wal–Mart's consistent management tenet and a key component of its success. While in the
process of logistics, logistics distribution

Case Study Of Jamjoom Pharma
The Jamjoom Group is a well–respected business conglomerate with over a hundred years of history
in Saudi Arabia. The healthcare sector has been one of the major areas of focus for the Group. The
Group set–up Jamjoom Pharma as a 100% Saudi owned company headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia. The company received manufacturing & sales operations in late 2000. The initial focus was
to establish a firm base in the domestic market in Saudi Arabia, which was followed by progressive
expansion of operations into several export markets in the Middle East, Africa, and CIS region.
Jamjoom Pharma mission is to be a center of excellence in healthcare and wellness sectors
providing high quality, safe and effective products to meet customer needs, to give ... Show more
Also, Jamjoom Pharma factory has appointed well–established distributors to handle the distribution
logistics around the Kingdom. The distributors have effective nationwide coverage through the
branches set up in all important cities in the Kingdom. The distributors are responsible for collecting
and servicing the orders placed by hospitals, pharmacies and health centers (resellers) and providing
these orders from the Jamjoom Pharma factory. This is an outbound distribution of the marketing
logistics. In addition, Jamjoom Pharma has its own direct presence with branch offices and sales
teams operating in all major centers. Qualified and well–trained pharmacists in the company sales
teams handle the medical detailing and promotion targeted at the medical

Case Analysis : Global Value Chain Strategies Essay
In this case analysis I will provide the most appropriate solutions to the issues raised in the
following from the perspective of global value chain strategies regarding ISOL +. A recommended
solution would be to build a new manufacturing facility close to the firm 's southern European
market. Since there is a large percentage of sales increase expected in Italy and Spain this will help
facilitate production levels. Also with this location it will also facilitate shipments and minimize
transit times which ultimately will help get product faster to the customer. With the current plant
capacity of 3,000,000 m^3, if there were to be an increase in the market of an additional 1,000,000
cubic m the facility will not be able to meet the additional demand. The two changes proposed to the
logistics setup are a decrease in the delivery time to 48 hours, and the other is to cut the minimum
order possible to the equivalent of four pallets. Both these proposals will lead to substantial increase
in the logistics costs. It is forecasted that during the next five years, 47% of the sales in France will
be of the size of four and six pallets. This makes it imperative that the minimum pallet size be
decreased from the current eight pallets to four pallets. Moreover, if the delivery time is to be
reduced to 48 hours, then production to order has to be abandoned. This reduction would mean
incurring costs of holding inventories of finished goods. Both these proposals would mean an

Beverage Industry Logistics
Designing the optimized distribution network for carbonated soft drink industry
Introduction
National and International businesses are becoming ever more dependent on logistics and supply
chain management in order to keep pace with the demands of an increasingly global economy. This
is why business leaders acknowledge that the supply chain can be a value creator and a source of
competitive advantage.
Logistics management is defined according to The Council of Supply Chain Management
Professionals (August, 2013) as "Logistics management is that part of supply chain management
that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of
goods, services, and related information between the point of ... Show more content on
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The key concept of supply chain management is to combine all parts of the supply chain (both
internal and external) of an organization.
A comprehensive definition of supply chain management is described Stock et al (2009) as:
"The management of a network of relationships within a firm and between interdependent
organizations and business units consisting of material suppliers, purchasing, production facilities,
logistics, marketing, and related systems that facilitate the forward and reverse flow of materials,
services, finances and information from the original producer to final customer with the benefits of
adding value, maximizing profitability through efficiencies, and achieving customer satisfaction."
There are four broad areas mentioned by Stock et al (2009) in the above definition of Supply Chain
Management:
1. This relationship shows supplier customer relationship. All business entities are either supplier or
customer.
2. All departments with and without the organization are dependent to each other. A department
cannot survive alone within the market. Team work is essential internally and externallyin the
organization.
3. It is a

The Global Supply Chain Network
Executive Summary
The global supply chain network is often faces challenges in many directions. Currently the
environmental issues and the exhaustion of natural resources leads to complications and become the
prime factors which affects the cost, time and effort in global logistics and supply chain
management. An analysis of the Montreal based Cirque de soleil is done with various factors and
criteria for evaluation of the key issues. The key issues are distribution complexities, increasing
transportation cost, production inefficiency, delivery lead times and logistics partnership strategies.
The objective is to streamline the global supply chain network by redesigning the existing system
with new integrated model using CPFR (Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment).
This concept is effectively supported by the SAP System which integrates the demand management,
better sales forecasting, effective distribution and timely replenishment.
The analysis results with the identification of locations for the new distribution model and
substantiated with the rationale of site selection considering all criteria's. The implementation and
the SAP integration describe the action plans and come out with the pros and cons of the proposed
supply chain system. And finally concludes with the pros and cons of the new system. The
objectives of the key issues are resulted with the solution but the on the other side the strategic
changes in the organization structure and

The Value Chain By Michael E. Porter And Popularized Essay
The Term 'value chain' was coined by Michael E. Porter and popularized in his business
management book, Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance.
According to Michael E. Porter, the value chain includes the activities within and around a company
that creates a product or service. Porter's value chain constitutes a set of activities that are performed
to design, product and market, deliver and support its products.
Porter distinguished between;
Primary activities: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service in
the core value chain creating value.
Support activities: procurement, development, technology, human resource management, firm
infrastructure supporting the value creation in the core value chain
Value chain analysis is a very helpful tool that is used for working out how greatest possible value
can be created for the customers.
Any or all of the primary activities that are mentioned above may be vital in development of a
company's competitive advantage. For instance, logistics activities are critical for a provider of
distribution services, likewise service activities may be the key focus of a firm offering on–site
maintenance contracts for office equipment.
It is very important for an organization to understand the activities that add value to its products and
services and the activities that do not add any value. Understanding these parameters will help the
company map its processes and flows to

Logistics Administration
Logistics Administration.
Objective: To provide the students with the basic elements of the logistics administration and the
physical distribution in order to take the right decisions.
Compendia:
a) Total Distribution Concept and logistics administration
b) Customer service, logistics and customer service and customer service vs. cost
c) Channel of distribution strategy, selection of the channel and distribution
d) Warehousing
Total Distribution Concept and logistics administration
Logistics is a broad, far–reaching function which has a major impact on society's standard of living.
In a modern society, we have come to expect excellent logistics services, and tend to notice logistics
only when there is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Customer service performance is a measure of how well the logistics system functions in creating
time and place utility, with a focus on external customers. The level of customer service provided to
customers determines whether the organization will retain existing customers and how many new
customers will atract.
Definition of Customer Service
The definition of customer service varies across organizations. Suppliers and their customers can
view the concept of customer service quite differently. In a broad sense, customer service is the
measure of how well logistics systems is performing providing time and place utility for a product
or service.
* Definition of Customer Service
Customer service can be defined as: a process which takes place between the buyer, seller and third

party. The process results in a value added to the product or service exchanged. This value added in
the exchange process might be short term as in a single transaction or longer term as in a contractual
relationship. The value added is also shared, in that each of the parties to the transaction than it was
before the transaction took place. Thus, in a process view: Customer Service is a process for
providing significant value–added benefits to the supply chain in a cost–effective way. Example:
KEY ACCOUNTS!!!
Theory of 80–20 /20–80
COMMUNICATION!!!!!
COMMUNICATION ACROSS THE ORGANIZATION IS VITAL!!!!

International Transportation Elements Of Supply Chains
Organizations have concentrated on near sourcing as close to marketplaces, instead of acquiring
supplies and subcontracting work, which was a less inexpensive way of doing business (Russell et
al., 2014). With an example provided to the reader, Russell et at (2014) explained from recent
changes displayed in United States imports of goods and how the attraction of sources was growing
in the U.S. Around the time, of the oil price increase, in 2008, growth rates of imports from reduced
cost sources in Asia had dropped annually, while at the same time, near shore sources in the United
States, Latin America, and the Caribbean had increased (Russell et al., 2014). International
transportation elements of supply chains are shortened and distance driven costs are lower because
supply sources are relocating closer to consumers (Russell et al., 2014). With near sourcing, from
places like the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean, offers advantages. For example,
with imports coming in from Latin America and the Caribbean through the U.S East Coast ports,
shippers not only avoid the congestions on the West Coast entry ports, they are able to bypass cross
country movement that are expensive from West Coast ports to populated distribution centers in the
east (Russell et al., 2014). Business can quickly adjust freight movements to change at the request of
customers' demands, by means of shortened distance and lower risk of congestion and delays
(Russell et al.,

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics...
International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management
Emerald Article: International logistics and one–stop shopping Janjaap Semeijn, David B. Vellenga
Article information:
To cite this document: Janjaap Semeijn, David B. Vellenga, (1995),"International logistics and one–
stop shopping", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 25 Iss:
10 pp. 26 – 44 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039510101780
Downloaded on: 01–04–2012 References: This document contains references to 27 other documents
Citations: This document has been cited by 2 other documents To copy this document:
permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 2086 times.
Access ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
25 No. 10, 1995, pp. 26–44. © MCB University Press, 0960–0035
A preliminary version of this article was presented at the Western Decision Sciences Conference in
Maui, Hawaii, in April 1994.
Limitation The total number of integrated carriers which are in a position to provide onestop
shopping for international logistics to US shippers is estimated to number less than 30 worldwide.
The data obtained reflect the perceptions of ten of these carriers, yet they cannot provide the
statistical and analytical comfort that a survey of a larger population would yield. This study,
therefore, should be considered exploratory in nature, rather than providing conclusive results.
Definitions of one–stop shopping The term one–stop shopping, to describe total logistics service
packages, found usage in trade journals and carrier sales literature during the 1980s. Mahoney[10]
describes one–stop shopping as:
The multimodal carrier promises to become a transportation supermarket, where the shipper will be
able to satisfy all needs with "One–Stop Shopping". The shipper's shopping list will be fulfilled with
simplified documents from origin to destination and the shipper will receive an audited
computerized printout, just like the housewife at the checkout counter.
Logistics and one–stop shopping 27
Vellenga, et al.[9] associate one–stop shopping with: the image of a customer seeking to find
transportation enterprise that will accept the shipment, choose the most

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