1. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
2. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
“Design, v.: What you regret not doing later on.”
/usr/games/fortune
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
3. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How about the means of interaction
between user(s) and software?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
4. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Human
a person who tries to accomplish a goal
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
5. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Computer
runs applications (software)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
6. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Computer
runs applications (software)
locally versus remotely
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
7. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
first game developed on PDP (1960s)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
8. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
9. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
10. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Interaction
“dialogue” between humans and computers
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
11. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
12. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The interaction between user(s) and application(s)
is achieved via an interface – user interface
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
13. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The interaction between user(s) and application(s)
is achieved via an interface – user interface
API (Application Programming Interface)
versus
UI (User Interface)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
14. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Types of user interfaces:
conventional (classical) UI – e.g., desktop
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
15. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Graficon (Douglas Engelbart, 1963)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
16. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Types of user interfaces:
conventional (classical) UI – e.g., desktop
WIMP (Window Icon Menu Pointer) paradigm,
interaction via keyboard & mouse + additional devices,
graphical representations (bitmap vs. vectorial),
support provided by the OS kernel vs. a desktop system,
multi-tasking
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
17. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Bryce (Kai Krause, 1997)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
18. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Types of user interfaces:
Web interface
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
19. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
WorldWideWeb280slides (2010)
system (Tim Berners-Lee, ~1990)
www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
20. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Types of user interfaces:
Web interface
browser – limited controls provided by (X)HTML,
hypertext/hypermedia,
RIA (Rich Internet Applications),
(a)synchronous interaction,
availability – world-wide audience,
standards
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
21. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
280slides (2010)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
22. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Types of user interfaces:
mobile user interface
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
23. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Types of user interfaces:
mobile user interface
limited resources/features:
resolution, memory, I/O, power etc.,
one task vs. multi-tasking,
off-line vs. on-line,
task-oriented software
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
24. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
25. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Types of user interfaces:
unconventional UI
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
26. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Types of user interfaces:
unconventional UI
new interaction paradigms + new expectations,
haptic, gesture, locomotion, auditory & voice, tangible UI,
augmented and virtual reality,
physical computing,
ambient intelligence (AmI)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
27. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
28. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Stefan Negru, 2009Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Dr.
29. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface
part of a program/application
– at the desktop, Web, mobile device,… level –
which permits users to expose their intentions (goals)
with respect to the actual software and to interpret
the results of certain actions performed by the machine
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
30. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
31. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface
perceived by the user not only as a visual part
of a certain software application
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
32. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface
from the point of view of an user,
it represents the entire system
the application per se
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
33. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface
useful
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
34. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface
usable
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
35. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface
used
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
36. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Everyone who uses a (software) tool
is conducted by a motivation
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
37. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
finding an Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busacouser, etc.
Dr. entity: information, object,
38. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
(self)learning/instruction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
39. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
performing a process – e.g., a (business) transaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
40. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
social interactions – at a real and/or virtual level
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
41. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
creating an artifact:
(micro)blog note, picture, article, source-code,...
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
42. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
entertainment – individual vs. community
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
43. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
44. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
45. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Define the perception of a product/service
from the point of view of person(s) who use it
and the apparent pleasure/satisfaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
46. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
“Every product that is used by someone has
a user experience: newspapers, ketchup bottles,
reclining armchairs, cardigan sweaters.”
James Jesse Garrett, 2003
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
47. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Cannot design a user experience,
only design for a user experience
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
48. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
experience = expectationuser is satisfied
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
49. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
experience > expectationuser is delighted
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
50. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
experience < expectationuser is dissatisfied
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
51. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga
http://garrettdimon.com/pages/improving_interface_design – www.purl.org/net/busaco
52. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The necessity of organizing the information
desired by the users
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
53. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The solutions of presenting the content
regard the IA – Information Architecture
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
54. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
55. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
56. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
57. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
We can adopt different techniques regarding
data visualization
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
58. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
We can adopt different techniques regarding
data visualization
visual design
visual representation
infographics
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
59. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
www.veen.com/nextgen.pdf Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
60. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
61. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
62. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
understand
Microsoft, 2008
evaluate study
build design
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
63. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
What are the
most important
aspects regarding
the UI design?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
64. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
“Designing interactive products to support
the way people communicate and interact
in their everyday and working lives.”
Sharp, Rogers & Preece, 2007
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
65. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Related domains (Dan Saffer, 2006)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
66. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
some issues
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
67. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
“Digital products are rude.”
Alan Cooper et al., 2007
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
68. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The user is in charge with the application
(developer) mistakes
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
69. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The user is in charge with the application
(developer) mistakes
stupidity?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
70. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Users must think as computers
…even they don’t want to learn the “Boolean” language
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
71. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Usually, applications do not help people
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
72. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Usually, applications do not help people
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
73. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Why digital products are so “nasty”?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
74. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Ignoring reality aka the target public
(the common user)
we tend exclusively to develop software for the “elite”
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
75. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
???
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
76. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Conflicts of interests:
developers
versus
business
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
77. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The lack of a coherent process regarding
the developing of the common software
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
78. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The lack of a coherent process regarding
the developing of the common software
too many
amateurs?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
79. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The lack of a coherent process regarding
the developing of the common software
typical example:
Web
development
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
80. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Alan Cooper et al., 2007
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
81. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The complexity of software applications is greater
than the one of the tangible products
example:
an operating system vs. an airship
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
82. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The process of interaction design
is an inter-disciplinary one (Rogers, 2007)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
83. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
interac-
tion
design
research regarding interaction design (Yvonne Rogers, 2007)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
84. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
What we want to create (develop)?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
85. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How about the premises?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
86. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
What are the final goals?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
87. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
We’ll really obtain what we hope?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
88. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
If yes, how?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
89. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How about the intrinsic difficulties?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
90. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Can we (re)use an existing solution?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
91. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The design process must be performed
with respect to the user requirements/goals
user-centered interface design
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
92. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Users (clients) typically speak to you
in terms of desired features and solutions,
not of needs and problems.
Jenifer Tidwell, 2006
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
93. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How the software will be used?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
94. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Who will use the developed application?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
95. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How often software will be used?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
96. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How long the user will interact
to the application?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
97. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How about the easiness of using
a given application?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
98. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Software will be portable?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
99. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How about the internationalization,
localization, accessibility of the application?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
100. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Important aspect:
understanding the problem to be solved
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
101. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Important aspect:
understanding the problem to be solved
in order to create the desired design (application)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
102. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Aspects:
UI type(s): desktop, Web, mobile,…
user expected behavior
functionalities
user categories: children, special users, etc.
…
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
103. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
con-
users tent
context
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
104. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Study: how a phone call differs regarding
the means used to be performed?
using a classical phone unit
versus
via a mobile device: an old and/or last generation phone
versus
using a VoIP software – e.g., Skype
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
105. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
We must consider:
(the categories of) involved users
performed activities
the context of using a specific device
the environment
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
106. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The need of a conceptual model
describes how the system is perceived by its users
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
107. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The need of a conceptual model
software (implementation) model
user (mental) model
environment model
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
108. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
The need of a conceptual model
“A high level description of
how a system is organized and it functions.”
Johnson & Henderson, 2002
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
109. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Important issue:
user model versus program model
Alan Cooper et al., 2007
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
110. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Example: the spreadsheet conceptual model
analogy with concrete tables used by accountants
easy to understand
simple interaction
real-time computing of formulas
facilities for further extensions – e.g., URLs as cell values
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
111. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
How about the interface usability?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
112. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Usability refers to the “proper” way
the users can exploit the functionality
of a given system
Jakob Nielsen
www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
113. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Learnability
how easily a person can learn to use a system
(its interface)
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
114. Master on Software EngineeringinHuman-Computerof
user interaction :: the context Interaction
the social game computing
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
115. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Efficiency
after user learnt the interface,
how can (s)he optimally use it?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
116. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
117. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Memorability
it is easy for the users to remember
the interaction with the system?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
118. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
119. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Errors
the number of potential errors must be minimal
the user mistakes must be easily
detected/corrected
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
120. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
121. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Satisfaction
the user likes to use the application/service?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
122. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
123. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
“The applications that are easy to use
are designed to be familiar.”
Jenifer Tidwell
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
124. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
“Attractive things work better.”
Donald Norman
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
125. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Keep the Simple Simple
“No matter how complex the overall system,
there is no excuse for not keeping
simple tasks simple.”
Jef Raskin
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
126. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Keep the Simple Simple
…the most engaging interface of a game?
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
127. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
A user-interface is considered to be good
if the application is behaving conform to
the expectations of its users
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
128. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
A user-interface is considered to be good
if the application is behaving conform to
the expectations of its users
“The successful games companies are the ones
that recognize that their business is entertainment,
not software.”
Andrew Rollings & Dave Morris, 2004
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
129. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
A. Cooper, R. Reimann, D. Cronin,
About Face (3rd Edition), Addison-Wesley, 2007
J. Raskin, The Humane Interface, Addison-Wesley, 2000
A. Sears, J. Jacko (Eds.), The Human-Computer Interaction
Handbook (2nd Edition), Taylor & Francis Group, 2008
J. Tidwell, Designing Interfaces, O’Reilly, 2005
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco