1. REPORTED SPEECH-ДАМ ЯРИА<br />Хэн нэгний хэлсэн зүйлийг бусдад дамжуулан хэлэхдээ Reported speech буюу дам яриаг хэрэглэнэ. Дам ярианд тухайн өгүүлбэрийн үйл үгийн цаг нь нэг цагаар ухарч хэлэгдэнэ. Өөрөөр хэлбэл, хэрвээ үйл үг нь Present simple буюу энгийн одоо цаг дээр байсан бол дам ярианд нэг цаг ухраад Past simple буюу энгийн өнгөрсөн цаг болно гэсэн үг юм. Жишээ нь: <br />I work as a bank teller. <br />She told me that she worked as a bank teller.<br />Дам ярианд tell, explain, admit, say, mention зэрэг олон үйл үгийг хэрэглэж болно.<br />Жишээ нь: She mentioned that she worked as a bank teller. <br />Дам яриан дахь үйл үгийн цагийн хувиралууд: <br />Present Simple ->Past Simplequot;
I always drink coffeequot;
, she said She said that she always drank coffee. Present continuous ->Past continuous quot;
I am writing a letterquot;
, he explained. He explained that he was writing a letterPast Simple ->Past perfectquot;
Bold arrived on Mondayquot;
, he said. He said that Bold had arrived on Monday Present perfect ->Past perfect quot;
I have done my homework quot;
, he told me. He told me that he had done his homework. Past perfect ->Past perfect quot;
I had just met my friend quot;
he explained. He explained that he had just met his friend . Present perfect continuous ->Past perfect continuous They complained, quot;
We have been waiting for hoursquot;
. They complained that they had been waiting for hours. Past continuous ->Past perfect continuous quot;
We were playing quot;
, they told me. They told me that they had been playing. Future ->Present conditional quot;
I will phone you quot;
, he said He said that he would phone me . Future continuous ->Conditional continuous She said, quot;
I'll be meeting him next Fridayquot;
. She said that she would be meeting him next Friday. <br />Reported speech буюу Дам ярианд үйл үгийн цагаас гадна мөн цаг хугацаа байршлыг заасан үгнүүд хувирна.<br /> <br />Today ->that day quot;
I saw him today quot;
, she said. She said that she had seen him that day . Yesterday ->the day before yesterdayquot;
I saw him yesterday quot;
, she said. She said that she had seen him the day before . The day before yesterday ->two days before yesterdayquot;
I saw him the day before yesterday quot;
, she said. She said that she had met him two days before . Tomorrow ->the next/following day quot;
I'll see him tomorrow quot;
, she said She said that she would see him the next day . The day after tomorrow ->in two days time/ two days later quot;
I’ll see him the day after tomorrow quot;
, she said. She said that she would see him in two days time/ two days later . Next week/month/year ->the following week/month/year quot;
I’ll see him next week quot;
, she said. She said that she would see him the following week . Last week/month/year ->the previous/week/month/year quot;
I saw him last week quot;
, she said She said that she had seen him the previous week.ago ->beforequot;
I saw him a week agoquot;
, she said. She said she had seen him a week before. here ->therHe said, quot;
I liveherequot;
. He told me he livedthere. <br />Reported speech- Дам асуулт<br />Дам асуулт гэдэг нь хэн нэгний асуусан асуултыг бусдад дамжуулан хэлэх юм. Дам асуултанд асуух өгүүлбэр асуух хэлбэрээ алдаж энгийн өгүүлбэрийн хэлбэртэй болно. Мөн үйл үгийн цаг нь мөн давхар хувирна гэдгийг мартаж болохгүй. <br />Жишээ нь: <br />Where do you come from? - She asked me where I came from. <br />What are you doing? – He asked us what we were doing .<br />Do you speak English? – He asked me if I spoke English . <br />Have you finished? – Teacher asked us whether we had finished . <br />Дээрхи өгүүлбэрүүдээс харахад Wh асуулт буюу Where, What гэсэн асуух өгүүлбэрээр эхэлсэн асуултуудыг дамжуулахад эдгээр асуух өгүүлбэрүүд өөрсдөө хэрэглэгдэж байхад Yes, No асуулт буюу туслах үйл үгээр эхэлсэн асуултад дам ярианд if, whether гэсэн үгс хэрэглэгдэж байна. <br />How old are you? – He asked me how old I was . <br />Are you married? – He asked me if/whether I was married . <br />Тушаал болон хүсэлтийг дамжуулахдаа command, order, warn , ask, advise, invite, beg, teach, forbid , tell, say гэх мэт үйл үгсийг хэрэглэж болох бөгөөд дараах байдлаар дамжуулна. <br />Stop talking. – He warned us to stop talking .<br />Don’t cry. – She told me not to cry. <br />Одоо харин дасгал ажиллаж үзэцгээе. Эхлээд дасгалуудаа бие даан хийж үзээд дараа нь хариутай нь тулгаж, мөн дахин давтан хийх зэргээр өөрийн дассан, сурсан аргаар дахин дахин туршиж, ажиллаж үзэх нь уг дүрмийг илүү сайн баттай ойлгоход тань туслах болно. Амжилт хүсье. Мөн манай дараагийн хичээлүүдээр өөрийн мэдэхийг хүссэн сэдвийг санал болгож болох тул бидэнтэй хамтран ажиллахыг та бүхнээс хүсч байна. <br />Task 1. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Change pronouns and time expressions where necessary.<br />quot;
Do you want to go to the cinema?quot;
Jill asked me ...<br />quot;
If you give me some money, I'll help youquot;
. The man said that if I ...<br />quot;
Will Mary arrive by five?quot;
Fred asked me ...<br />quot;
Don't touch that flower!quot;
The old lady ...<br />quot;
Did you see that film last month?quot;
Jane asked me ...<br />quot;
Open the window, pleasequot;
. She ...<br />quot;
Are you going to help us?quot;
Jim asked me ...<br />quot;
I'll visit Mary tomorrow.quot;
He said that ...<br />quot;
When did you find the money?quot;
She asked us ...<br />quot;
I have a headache today.” John said …<br />quot;
He is going to marry me.” She announces …<br />quot;
If the price of the dress is reduced, I will buy it.” The lady said …<br />quot;
I have no time to cook the meal now and I will be late tonight.” She said …<br />quot;
They will fly to Rome tomorrow.” Father said …<br />quot;
I called the police two minutes ago.” The young woman shouted …<br />quot;
I don´t like spinach today.quot;
Susan said …<br />quot;
I saw your mother last week.quot;
He told me …<br />quot;
I was here ten years ago.quot;
Mary said to Sue …<br />quot;
I am writing a book now.quot;
You said …<br />quot;
There was a party at my best friend’s place yesterday.quot;
John said …<br />quot;
I’m having a party next week.quot;
He said … <br />quot;
Someone is following me.quot;
I said … <br />quot;
I can’t see you.quot;
She said … <br />quot;
I’ll have to write to your parents.quot;
She told the boys …<br />quot;
You are the best girl in the world.quot;
He told her …<br />quot;
We are still packing our cases.quot;
The girls said … <br />quot;
Mrs. Green will send it to me.quot;
He said …<br />quot;
I know a man who can do it.quot;
He told me … <br />quot;
They are waiting outside.quot;
I told him …<br />quot;
I’ll never forget him.quot;
She told me …<br />quot;
I know we don’t have enough money.quot;
He said …<br />quot;
The news will be on TV at 6 o’clock.quot;
Chris said …<br />quot;
They are going to meet Susie at four.quot;
She said …<br />quot;
I think the work isn’t very interesting.quot;
I told her …<br />quot;
We’ll have to wait till she comes.quot;
They said ...<br /> <br />1-р дасгалын хариу <br /> Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Change pronouns and time expressions where necessary.<br />quot;
Do you want to go to the cinema?quot;
Jill asked me if I wanted to go to the cinema.<br />quot;
If you give me some money, I'll help you.quot;
The man said that if I gave him some money, he would help me. <br />quot;
Will Mary arrive by five?quot;
Fred asked me if Mary would arrive by five.<br />quot;
Don't touch that flower!quot;
The old lady warned us not to touch the flower.<br />quot;
Did you see that film last month?quot;
Jane asked me if I had seen the film the previous month. <br />quot;
Open the window, please.quot;
She told me to open the window. <br />quot;
Are you going to help us?quot;
Jim asked me if I was going to help them. <br />quot;
I'll visit Mary tomorrow.quot;
He said that he would visit Mary the next day.<br />quot;
When did you find the money?quot;
She asked us when we had found the money. <br />quot;
I have a headache today.” John said that he had a headache that day. <br />quot;
He is going to marry me.” She announces that he was going to marry her. <br />quot;
If the price of the dress is reduced, I will buy it.” The lady said that if the price of the dress was reduced, she would buy it. <br />quot;
I have no time to cook the meal now and I will be late tonight.” She said that she had no time to cook the meal then and she would be late that night. <br />quot;
They will fly to Rome tomorrow.” Father said that they would fly to Rome the next day. <br />quot;
I called the police two minutes ago.” The young woman shouted that she had called the police two minutes before. <br />quot;
I don´t like spinach today. ` Susan said that she didn’t like the spinach that day. <br />quot;
I have seen your mother last week.’ He told me that he had seen my mother the previous week. <br />quot;
I was here ten years ago.’ Mary said to Sue that she had been there ten years before. <br />quot;
I am writing a book.’ You said that you were writing a book. <br />quot;
There was a party at my best friend’s place yesterday.’ John said that there had been a party at his best friend’s place the day before. <br />quot;
I’m having a party next week.” He said that he was having a party the following week <br /> quot;
Someone is following me.” I said that someone was following me. <br /> quot;
I can’t see you.” She said that she couldn’t see me. <br /> quot;
I’ll have to write to your parents.” She told the boys that she would have to write to their parents. <br /> quot;
You are the best girl in the world.” He told her that she was the best girl in the world. <br /> quot;
We are still packing our cases.” The girls said that they were still packing their cases. <br /> quot;
Mrs. Green will send it to me.” He said that Mrs. Green would send it to him. <br /> quot;
I know a man who can do it.” He told me that he knew a man who could do it. <br /> quot;
They are waiting outside.” I told him that they were waiting outside. <br /> quot;
I’ll never forget him.” She told me that she would never forget him. <br /> quot;
I know we don’t have enough money.” He said that he knew they didn’t have enough money. <br /> quot;
The news will be on TV at 6 o’clock.” Chris said that the news would be on TV at 6 o’clock. <br /> quot;
They are going to meet Susie at four.” She said that they were going to meet Susie at four. <br /> quot;
I think the work isn’t very interesting.” I told her that I thought the work wasn’t very interesting. <br /> quot;
We’ll have to wait till she comes.” They said that they would have to wait till she ca<br />