1. COPD

2. DEFINITION
 It is a umbrella term used to describe
chronic lung diseases in which airflow is
obstructed by emphysema,chronic
bronchitis,asthma and severe bronchitis

3. COPD
(AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION);;;;It includes
1. Chronic bronchitis ; excessive
accumulation of mucous and secreations
block the airways
2. Emphysema ; impaired gas exchanges
results from destruction of walls of over
distended alveoli
3. Asthma; inflamed and constricted airway
obstructs the airflow

4. ETIOLOGY AND RISK
FACTORS
 Genetic factors
 Family history
 RTI
 Cigratte smoking
 Passive smoking
 Occupational exposure
 Air pollution

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1) Due to etiological factors
2) Affects ciliary cleaning mechanism
3) Airflow is obstructed
4) Alveoli distends
5) Decreases lung capacity
6) Increases mucous secreations
7) Infection and irritation occurs
8) Damage to the lungs occurs

6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Excessive cough with sputum
 Shortness of breath
 RTI
 Weight loss
 Anxiety
 Diaphoresis
 Haemoptysis
 Anemia
 Tachypnea
 Wheezing
Chest tightness
Fatigue
Cyanosis

7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Chest x-ray
 Chest CT- scan
 PFT
 ABG
 Pulse oximetry

8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 Goals
1. To prevent the further damage of lung
function
2. To allevate symptoms
3. To improve the quality of life and
control complications

9. PHARMACOLOGIC
MANAGEMENTS
 Smoking cessation by nicotine
replacement therapy
 Brocho dilators
 Cortico steroids
 Mucolytics
 Antibiotics
 Vaccinations

10. NON PHARMACOLOGIC
 Oxygen therapy
 Nebulisation
 Deep breathing excercises
 Coughing excercises
 Spirometric excercises

11. NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Asess the respiratory condition
 Check vital signs
 Monitor pulse oximetry
 Assess lung sounds
 Monitor ABG
 Assess skin colour,temperature
 Provide fowlers position
 Administer medicine as per doctors
order

12. COMPLICATIONS
 Respiratory failure
 Pneumonia
 Death
 Depression