course material

1. Surrogate role in nursing
Reply to this post with at least 250 words in APA format, minimum 2 references within the
last 5 years published. In the nursing theory of Hildegard Peplau, the nurse plays various
roles, such as the stranger, teacher, resource, counsellor, surrogate, and leader. In the same
way, the patient encounters a stranger every day, and the nurse treats the patient as a
stranger. The nurse should provide a setting that fosters trust (Wasaya et al., 2021). The
nurse acts as a teacher by sharing knowledge concerning the patient’s needs or interests. In
this sense, the nurse serves as a patient’s resource by offering details the patient needs to
comprehend a situation or a problem. Therefore, in their capacity as surrogate, nurses
support patients by assisting them in comprehending and integrating the meaning of their
current circumstances and offering support and encouragement as they attempt to make
adjustments.The nurse serves as a surrogate and works as the patient’s advocate while
assisting the patient in defining the domains of reliance, interdependence, and
independence. Nursing is therapeutic, according to Peplau, because it is a healing art that
aids a patient who is ill or in need of medical attention (Jones & Beauvais, 2022). The
interaction between two or more people who share a purpose also makes it an
interpersonal process. Together, the nurse and patient develop maturity and expertise in
providing care. Leading by example, the nurse encourages the patient to assume full
accountability for achieving their treatment objectives. A nurse can also act as a technical
expert, consultant, tutor, social worker, safety agent, environment manager, mediator,
administrator, record watcher, and researcher. Therefore, the nurse should employ
interviewing strategies when speaking with the patient to investigate, comprehend, and
effectively address the underlying issue. Since the patient’s level of independence is likely to
change, the nurse must also be familiar with the various communication phases.The
resolution phase is the last stage of surrogacy. As a result of the nurse and patient working
together to meet the patient’s requirements, the professional relationship has ended. They
must end their relationship and cut the links that bind them together. However, this may be
challenging for both parties if there is still psychological dependence. The nurse and
patient’s connection are broken as the patient drifts away. Both develop more mature
beings and find a better emotional equilibrium. Thus, this is how the nursing procedure is
being evaluated. The nurse and patient assess the situation based on the objectives
specified and whether they were achieved. However, Peplau’s theory has some drawbacks,
such as a lack of emphasis on health promotion and maintenance, a lack of consideration for
intra-family dynamics, personal space considerations, and local social service resources, the

2. inability to be applied to patients who are unable to express their needs, and some areas
that are too general to allow for hypothesis generation.ReferencesJones, J. S., & Beauvais, A.
M. (2022). The Education of Nurses During COVID-19—Using Nursing Theory to Help Us
Regain Our True North. Journal of Nursing Education, 61(5), 227-228.Wasaya, F., Zulfiqar,
S., & Farhan, A. (2021). A Comparison and Integration of Two Nursing Theories into Clinical
Practice: Betty Neuman and Hildegard Peplau. i-Manager’s Journal on Nursing, 11(3), 4.