Hildegard Peplau developed an interpersonal relations theory that is still relevant in nursing today. She outlined six key nursing roles: resource, stranger, surrogate, counselor, leader, and teacher. As a surrogate, nurses sometimes take on a motherly role for dependent patients. While not explicitly mentioned today, Peplau's surrogate role indicates nurses still advocate for patients and can trigger feelings from patients' past relationships. Nurses must clarify the nurse-patient relationship is temporary to avoid disappointment. Peplau's theory provides an in-depth understanding of nursing roles like stranger, resource, counselor, leader, advocate, and technical expert. It gives nurses a broader approach to serving patients.

1. Peer #1 Hildegard Peplau achieved a lot in her lifetime,
Peer #1Hildegard Peplau achieved a lot in her lifetime, and her interpersonal relations
theory is still relevant in today’s nursing field. She gave six nursing roles; as a resource, a
stranger, a surrogate, a counselor, an active leader, and as a teacher (Wasaya et al., 2021).
She added that the orientation phase, then the identification stage, the exploitation period,
and then the resolution phase, are the stages that a nurse and a patient go through in
building a connection (Ikafa & Holmes, 2020). According to Peplau, the surrogate role
develops as the patients develop and project emotions of the past feelings they had for their
mothers because they depend on the care of the nurse. As the nurse takes the motherly role,
they should remind the patient that the relationship is temporary. Nurses should be clear on
the activities that should be independent and dependent on the nurse. Nurses take up the
surrogate role moistly in intensive care units where patients become dependent on nursing
care. Despite not being mentioned in recent nursing practice, the surrogate role of a
nurse is still relevant. Nurses still act as advocates on behalf of patients. As they go about
carrying out their roles nurses display attitudes and behaviors that trigger feelings in
patients that are familiar that were present in the patients’ relationship with their mothers.
Nurses, therefore, have the responsibility to assist their patients in recognizing the
differences and similarities between their past relationships with their mothers and the
current nurse-patient relationship (Wasaya et al., 2021). They do this by setting a clear
domain of interdependence, dependence and independence as they advocate for the patient.
Patients must understand that the relationship is not permanent in order to avoid
disappointment. Peer #2Nurse Practice, the largest medical profession, holds an integral
role in patient treatment. Notably, the nursing profession has evolved due to economic and
technological factors and changes in the unique needs of patients. Registered nurse
professionals respond to optimize client utility resulting from their services. They create
innovative alternatives to modify the traditional norms and meet the challenges efficiently
(Lee & Son, 2022). Furthermore, the nursing profession has been under proactive policy
adjustments to resolve emerging health care dilemmas. For these reasons, Peplau’s theory
of interpersonal relations best define the roles of the nursing profession as it gives a
broader approach to the scope of registered nurses.Peplau’s theory is a nursing model
consisting of therapeutic interventions that reflect the dynamic character roles typical in
nursing. The model sets apart seven nursing roles, some of which are not captured in the
current nursing pieces of literature. These roles include strangers, which allows the nurse
to receive a patient as a stranger and initiate avenues to build trust between them. The

2. resource role provides an avenue for nurses to answer questions about patient symptoms,
interpret data, and give relevant feedback (Arabacı & Taş, 2019). The counseling role
enables the nurse practitioner to help the patient to understand the current situation,
irrespective of its complexity.Furthermore, the counseling role of a nurse is qualified by the
encouragement and guidance to initiate positive changes. A nurse is a teacher in that they
give patients instructions, training, and prescriptions to patients. the leadership role of a
nurse enables them to take responsibility for meeting treatment goals, and an advocate role
permits the nurse to act on behalf of the patient. Finally is the technical expert role, where
the nurse is responsible for the patient’s physical care and operates treatment equipment.
Concisely, Peplau’s model provides an advanced understanding of nursing roles.In
conclusion, nursing primarily encompasses working with people, its success and quality of
service depend entirely on the strength of the partnership between the nurse and the
patient. Therefore, nurses must enroll in Hildegard Peplau’s model to advance their
interpersonal relations. Understanding the seven roles of nurses outlined by Peplau’s
theory widens the scope of the nurses as they can apply them in different situations (Lee &
Son, 2022). Therefore, patients will receive the best care possible and implement treatment
with speed and expertise that is outstanding. Hence, Peplau’s theory defines nursing roles
more vividly than the current nursing literature.