It gives information about the eed treatment history why to perform it and packing machine types

1. SEED TREATMENT AND ITS
PACKING

5.  Seed treatment and packing are required for storage of the
seed for long duration and transport by preventing any
damage caused by the both biotic and abiotic agents.
 Treatment of seeds, aim is not only preventing the damage
of the seed but also improves the seed quality by adding the
biological MICROBES that helps in fixing atmospheric ‘N’ and
P solubiling bacteria which helps in the reduction of the
fertilizer inputs.
Benefits of the seed treatment:
1.Prevention of spread of plant disease :
 systemic disease that infect the seed during harvest or flowering eg: smut of
wheat
 systemic disease that infect during the flowering eg: loose smut of wheat
 Non-systemic disease eg: blight of rice
2.Seed treatment protects the seed from the blight and rot of seed
3. Improves germination
4 protection from the storage pests
5Controlling the soil insects

6. TYPES OF SEED TREATMENTS:
DISINFECTANTS , DISINFESTANCE ,SEED PROTECTION

7. CONDITIONS under which seed must be treated are:
injured seed , diseased seed, undesirable soil conditions, Disease free seed
SEED TEATING PRODUCTS
MERCURIALS:
ORGANOMERCURIAL: These are recommended for treating of the small
grains flax cotton seed
Proper dosage is critical bcz over dosage and under dosage are not
effective
INORGANIC MERCURIALS: these are recommended for the treating of
seeds, tuber, garden and vegetable crops . These are limited to mercuric chloride ,
mercurous chloride and mercuric oxide.
NON-MERCURIAL:
ORGANIC NON MERCURIAL: Such as thiram , captan these are less
effective when compared to the organic mercurials but less damage to the seed as well
as to the person handling it.

8. INSECTICIDES
These are finding increased use in seed treating.
These may be merchandised in combination with the
fungicides.
FORMULATION OF FUNGICIDES are dusts , liquids ,
slurry
INORGANIC NON MERCURIALS : Copper
carbonate , copper sulphate copper oxide are used as
fungicides. Copper carbonate and copper sulphate
are used on wheat as bunt preventives.

10. SEED TREATMENT EQUIPMENTS

14. SEED PACKING AND HANDLING
After processing and treating are completed , seed are packaged into containers of
specified net weight.
The packaging consists of the following operations:
1.FILLING OF SEED BAGS TO EXACT WEIGHT
2.PLACING LEAFLETS IN THE FILLED BAGS REGARDING IMPROVED PRACTICES
3.ATTACHING LABELS AND CERTIFICATION TAGS AND SWEING THE BAGS
4.STORAGE/SHIPMENT OF BAGS
EQUIPMENTS USED IN BAGGING OF SEEDS
Bagger weigher :these are of three types mannual semi-automatic automatic
Sewing machine

15. ELEVATING AND CONVEYING EQUIPMENTS AND
THEIR USE:
Several types of conveyers are available for moving the
seeds through and away from the seed treatment and packing
plant . But a suitable equipment should be selected based on
the quantity of seed is packing and the direction through which
seed has to be moved.
“ ALWAYS CHOOSE A EQUIPMENT THAT HAS LARGE CAPACITY
THAN THE OPERATING MACHINE”
They are following below along with their classification:
Bucket elevators ,Belt conveyor , Vibrating conveyors ,
Pneumatic conveyors , chain and screw conveyors, lift trucks