Relational Versus NoSQL Data Models

Relational Data Models Versus No Sql Data Model
Relational Data Model Versus No SQL Data Model
Rutu Patel
CSIT 555 Database Systems
Midterm Research Paper
[1] INTRODUCTION:
The term database can be defined as the collection of systematic, well–ordered and structured data that can be easily and efficiently handled, retrieved
and upgraded on a periodic basis depending on its requirements. The structure and organization of any database is based upon its respective database
model.
A unique database model is implemented by each database depending upon the logical structure of the data that is being handled by that database.
There are numerous distinct database models out in the market at present that allow the application developers to effectively manage the data. The
most widely welcomed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fundamental theory of logical relations among the grouped data is incorporated in the relational database model. This method offers numerous
advantages such as keeping the structured data in an organized and logically related manner, ease of data handling in case of related data or
information, simplicity of data management and many more. In general, it can be stated that those database systems that assimilate the technique of
relational SQL data model can execute in a productive and precise method.
[3] THE NO SQL DATABASE SYSTEM AND KEY
–VALUE STORE DATA MODEL:
The term "No SQL" is considered in a much wider vision which means "Not Only SQL". This can be elaborated in the sense that the concept of No
SQL does not consider the complete elimination of SQL language, rather it focuses on supporting other SQL like queries. The No SQL Database
basically follows a model–free approach. The leading advantage of implementing the No SQL database is eliminating all the restrictions of the
rigorously followed structured model in the relational database system. In No SQL approach, there are many flexibilities of choosing eligible data
structure according to the information or data that has to be handled. Some of the widely followed data models of the No SQL database are key value
stores, column family stores, document database, graph database, etc. The fundamental concept behind the development of the key–value store data
model is to create a data model that

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Relational Database Design And The No Sql Model As The...
application. Specifically, this report investigates the use of relational database design versus the no–SQL model as the preferred basis of the new
application.
The requirements to consider are:
1.Intensive Usage – Facebook has millions of users worldwide and produce billions of transactions.
2.Growth of the application is expected to be 10% per annum.
3.2Definitions
It is important to look at the key characteristics of these two different models in order to understand the conclusions of this report.
3.2.1Relational Database Management Systems These systems are characterised by:
A highly structured design held together by a database schema that consists: o Data pairs are stored as tuples within separate relations that are unique
within the relation. o Tuples are identified uniquely with a key. o Tuples of a relation are connected to another tuple(s).
Retrieval of data is achieved by a declarative programming language – SQL.
The database is managed by a DBMS that provides for data retrieval (above), storage management, and transaction management.
Operations are organised into transactions that are "atomic" units that must complete in whole or not at all.
(ref – db concepts and Database Design for Mere Mortals)
3.2.2No–SQL
It is easier to compare no–SQL systems to the characteristics of traditional relational databases because they have evolved from them. No–SQL models
can be characterised by:
There is no real schema because the design to the

Relational Model Of Church Planting
If writing about churches starting churches were a chemistry experiment, "relational models" of church planting would be the catalyst that causes the
experiment to boil over.
Relational models focus on sending Christians into their communities to gather and disciple people who are not involved in churches. If enough people
are gathered, new congregations may form. While the general idea may sound intriguing, the specific models inspire frustration and fear for numerous
leaders of established churches.
Pastors who are frustrated their churches, where the Gospel is preached and fellowship shared each week, are somehow not considered "missional
communities."
Church leaders who see "house churches" as gatherings of disenchanted church members ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Baby Boomers trusted institutions less than the previous generation, Boomers still were raised in a culture of institutions. Get Hers were not.
Get X senior pastors are not very interested in church planting strategy. They are very interested in organic groups and networks of relationships. So
relational models are often as close as they will get to intentionally starting new churches.
$100,000 Question
For years I've asked church planters variations of the same question: If you were starting a new church today, would you rather have a $100,000
donation or 10 committed leaders? The answer is overwhelmingly the leaders.
So the challenge for churches is how to pull together seven to 10 leaders with a shared passion for connecting people to Jesus in the same community.
Once again the relational models for starting new churches meet the need.
Do the Math
Research shows new churches are much more likely to survive if they are self–supporting within three years of forming. One key to self–sustainability
is regularly gathering 150 in

Relational Model Of Social Capital
ach–and the typical structural approach to social networks analyses– social capital is defined more by its function than by its structure (Coleman, 1988;
Whitener, 2000). That is, social capital is based on relationships, which are created through interpersonal exchange (Bourdieu, 1986). In this manner
social capital requires an interpersonal lens that is grounded in a relational model of leadership
(Drath & Palus, 1994). At the heart of this relational model are commitments in the form of mutual obligations, which are supported by reciprocated
trust and respect (Brower, Schoorman, & Tan, 2000).
Commitments, trust, and respect correspond roughly to three different aspects of social capital proposed by Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998): structural,
relational, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The structural dimension pertains primarily to social interactions typically assessed by means of network ties (Tsai & Ghoshal, 1998). The social
structure of interactions–and an actor's location in relation to his or her contacts– has been shown to provide resources to the actor as well as the
organization (Burt,
1992). This structure is formed as a result of the commitments among all parties in a given social network. The relational dimension of social capital
refers to functional assets that are rooted in networked relationships, such as trust and trustworthiness
(Tsai&Ghoshal, 1998), which describe the kind of personal relationships developed through a history of interactions. This is a particularly interesting
dimension.
Whereas trust is an attribute of the relationship, trustworthiness rests in the intrapersonal qualities of the individual (Barney & Hansen, 1994). This
highlights the importance of developing both intrapersonal and interpersonal competence, and of linking leader development with leadership

Annotated Bibliography On Hierarchical Database
Hierarchical Database Kind of database model which is designed in a hierarchy completely access to data beginning at the highest of hierarchical then
changes to down such as customer to order. Also this system relation records together same a family tree that each record has just one owner. The
hierarchical typical structure has levels which shows one –to – many also relationship between a parent and children divisions. The main key this
models which following by each parent can have many children as well each child has simply one parent. This models most common if you compared
with network and relational database because can be manage by huge amounts of data for difficult projects. Advantages Speed very efficiency Data...
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The application standard to use this kind of database is the structured query language (SQL) This statements are used for both communication with
queries for information from a relational database this schema set of tables contain data built into predefined categories. Each table contains one or
more data categories in columns, each row contains a unique instance of data for the categories

Project Deliverable 3: Database Analysis
Project Deliverable 3: Database and Programming Design
A quality database design makes the flow of data seamless. The database schema is the foundation of the relational database. The schema defines the
tables, fields, relationships, views, indexes, and other elements. Envisioning the primary business function should facilitate creating the schema and
how that information should flow throughout all areas of the firm. ("Strayer, iCampus," n.d., p. 1).
Database Design Basics
The database itself is a compilation of information organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. Computer databases typically
contain a collection of data records or files that allow users the ability to read/write access, specify report generation, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One rule is required when creating database tables. Several constraints related to specific standards are in use in creating a database schema. To be
classified as a relational table it must first have a primary key. A primary key cannot accept null values, and a table can only have one primary key.
A foreign key refers to a set of one or more columns in another table that refers to the primary key. There aren't any unique codes, configurations, or
table definitions you need to place to officially "designate" a foreign key. Unlike the primary key, a foreign key can take null values, and a table can
have more than one foreign key ("PF, FK," n.d., p.

What Is Super Key in Dbms
What Is Super Key In Dbms?
Superkey – A superkey is defined in the relational model as a set ofattributes of a relation variable (relvar) for which it holds that inall relations
assigned to that variable there are no two distincttuples (rows) that have the same values for the attributes... in Software
What Is Super Key In Dbms Give Example?
A superkey is a combination of attributes that can be uniquely used to identify a database record.With primary key if any other attribute is added then
that combination is called super key in other words,primary key is the minimum possible... in SQL & Databases
What Is The Primary Key, Super Key, Foreign Key And... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An attribute alone that can identify uniquely in a relation is called Primary Key.
There can be several key 's in a given relation, that can be identified uniquely. Those can be called Candidate keys.
Great Answer Not Helpful Report
Ruwindada 9 months ago
[pic]
0 Super key is a subset of candidate key.it may be or may not be irreduceable.
Girl_cool 9 months ago
[pic]
0 A super key is the set of one or more attribute that allow us to identify uniquely entity in an entity set.
E.g the customer_id attribute of the entity set customer is sufficient to distinguish one customer entity from another.
Guest 6 months ago Ads by Google Chrysler Skim Code Reader Read and Re–Program Skim Modules CAN and NON CAN www.getskim.com
Levels of abstractions Database Management WinSQL– A Homogeneous Solution for Heterogeneous Environment. www.synametrics.com
[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Find Answers for: Discuss The Different Levels Of Abstraction In A Database Management System
[pic]
0

There are views as to how users see the relevant data. Levels of abstraction include single conceptual or logical schema and the physical schema.
Basically the Conceptual Schema within a Database Management System defines logical structure while physical schema defines/describes the indexes
and flies used. Conceptual

Database Vs. Relational Database Model
One size fits all. The developers go to for all data. You need only a relational database. This is the false assumption that you will see when it comes to
database models. The relational database model is great for data that normally can fit into a table, or shows relationships between data, but not all data
falls into that category. There are a few options for these situations. You can use an object
–oriented database, a hierarchical database, a network
database, and a flat–file database. The first alternative is known as the object–oriented. In a document–oriented database model, each individual record,
and all of the data associated with that record, is thought of as a document. In this type of database, everything that is related to a database object, or
document, is grouped together. This keeps the database organized, and easier to find things that are related to each other. Each document is encoding
data in some format or encoding. The most common formats include XML, JSON and BSON. These are just some of the formats available, but these
seem to be the most popular formats that are being used.
A document can have single, or even multiple fields. These fields can vary from document to document, which gives each document a lot of
flexibility. There is no need to worry about constraints, like we see in our relational database, but validation documents can be made to enforce rules
as needed. This type of database can typically accept multiple languages, instead of just

Entity-Relationship Diagrams and the Relational Model
Review Entity–Relationship Diagrams and the Relational Model
CS 186, Fall 2007, Lecture 2 R & G, Chaps. 2&3
A relationship, I think, is like a shark, you know? It has to constantly move forward or it dies. And I think what we got on our hands is a dead shark.
Woody Allen (from Annie Hall, 1979)
Why use a DBMS? OS provides RAM and disk
Review
Why use a DBMS? OS provides RAM and disk
– Concurrency – Recovery – Abstraction, Data Independence – Query Languages – Efficiency (for most tasks) – Security – Data Integrity
Data Models
DBMS models real world Data Model is link between user's view of the world and bits stored in computer Many models exist We think in terms of..
– Relational Model (clean and common) – ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– Owner entity set and weak entity set must participate in a one–to–many relationship set (one owner, many weak entities). – Weak entity set must have
total participation in this identifying relationship set. name ssn lot cost pname age
Basically means "at least one" name ssn Employees lot Manages since did dname budget Departments
Works_In
Means: "exactly one" since Employees
Policy
Dependents

Weak entities have only a "partial key" (dashed underline)
Binary vs. Ternary Relationships ssn name lot Covers pname age
Binary vs. Ternary Relationships (Contd.)
Previous example illustrated a case when two binary relationships were better than one ternary relationship.
If each policy is owned by just 1 employee:
Employees
Dependents
Bad design
Key constraint on Policies would mean policy can name ssn only cover 1 dependent! Think through all the constraints in the 2nd diagram! policyid lot
Policies cost pname age
Employees Purchaser
Dependents
Beneficiary
An example in the other direction: a ternary relation Contracts relates entity sets Parts, Departments and Suppliers, and has descriptive attribute qty. No
combination of binary relationships is an adequate substitute. (With no new entity sets!)
Better design policyid Policies cost
Binary vs. Ternary Relationships (Contd.) qty Parts Contract Departments
Summary so far
Entities and Entity Set (boxes) Relationships and Relationship sets

Relational Turbulence Model Essay
Social support is one of the key tenants in anyone's life. Social support proves to be more important for those who are dealing with mental health issues
such as depression. The relational turbulence model is very important in understanding how the relationship between those with depression and their
families. The relationship turbulence model Knobloch and Delaney (2012) implies that the model shows how people with depressive symptoms should
handle relational uncertainty and interference from their partners. Relational uncertainty can be defined as how unsure people are with the status of
their relationship with someone (Knobloch and Delaney 2012). It is important to understand this model in order to comprehend how those with
depression are affected by the people around them. In this paper I will be researching in what ways do relational uncertainty and emotional support
affect younger and older populations with depression. It is important to understand the difference between age cohorts in terms of dealing with their
depression.
According to Stahl et al. (2017) a substantial amount of older adults live on their own, in 2010 it was reported that 11 million older adults lived alone.
And within that statistic the rates of older ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2017). Although not the same concept as having familial support it is seen that those who have better relationships within their neighborhood have less
depressive symptoms. "In addition to the physical aspect of one's neighborhood, feelings of neighborhood belonging, and social cohesion is also
associated with good mental health" (Stahl et al. 2017; 1065). It can be argued that community involvement and being mildly integrated with society
led to a better quality of life for older adults with

Database And Unstructured Data Of A Business Perspective
1. Introduction
Nowadays, terabytes to petabytes of data that is been stored and transmitted by numerous sources and organizations have realized that these data
contain tangible value that has the potential to change the fortunes of a business. Top firms leverage their business through the valuable insights gained
through these data to assist them in their decision making process. The huge chucks of data consists structured, semi structured and unstructured data.
Organizations have switched their focus more on exploring semi structured and unstructured data that is generated through social media activities,
personal media information and geo location data.
NoSQL database is a type of database that provides a means for storage and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to its flexibility, these databases provides horizontal scalability and distributed computing that led to adoption of NoSQL databases in the
firms. The SQL databases uses Structured Query Language whereas NOSQL databases use Unstructured Query Language which varies from database
to database.
1.2 Features of NoSQL Databases:
Schema on Read: There is no definite schema on the underlying data in the databases and it leads to high flexibility on the storage
Nonrelational: In traditional databases there are relations between the tables. For example, a list of transaction details can be connected to a separate
list of delivery details. With a NoSQL database, this information is stored as an aggregate – a single record with everything about the transaction,
including the delivery address
Commodity hardware: With a NoSQL database, cheap commodity hardware can be used. Adding more of these cheap servers allows NoSQL
databases to scale to handle more data.
Highly distributable: With a NoSQL database, a cluster of servers can be used to hold a single large database
2. Different Types of NOSQL databases
There are many types of non–relational databases but more often than not, they fall under one of the following categories:
2.1 Document Model
In a document model, data is stored in documents. This uses a type of notation called JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and is closely associated with
the object

Database Security
– 1 –
Database Security *)
GГњNTHER PERNUL
Institut fГјr Angewandte Informatik und Informationssysteme
Abteilung fГјr Information Engineering
UniversitГ¤t Wien
Vienna, Austria
1. Introduction
1.1 The Relational Data Model Revisited
1.2 The Vocabulary of Security and Major DB Security Threats
2. Database Security Models
2.1 Discretionary Security Models
2.2 Mandatory Security Models
2.3 Adapted Mandatory Access Control Model
2.4 Personal Knowledge Approach
2.5 Clark and Wilson Model
2.6 A Final Note on Database Security Models
3. Multilevel Secure Prototypes and Systems
3.1 SeaView
3.2 Lock Data Views
3.3 ASD_Views
4. Conceptual Data Model for Multilevel Security
4.1 Concepts of Security Semantics
4.2 Classification ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
В· Authorization, Access Controls
Authorization is the specification of a set of rules that specify who has which type of access to what information. Authorization policies therefore
govern the disclosure and modification of information. Access controls are

– 3 – procedures that are designed to control authorizations. They are responsible to limit access to stored data to authorized users only.
В· Integrity, Consistency
An integrity policy states a set of rules (i. e. semantic integrity constraints) that define the correct states of the database during database operation and
therefore can protect against malicious or accidental modification of information. Closely related issues to integrity and consistency are concurrency
control and recovery. Concurrency control policies protect the integrity of the database in the presence of concurrent transactions. If these transactions
do not terminate normally due to system crashes or security violations recovery techniques are used to reconstruct correct or valid database states.
В· Auditing
The requirement to keep records of all security relevant actions issued by a user is called auditing. Resulting audit records are the basis for further
reviews and examinations in order to test the adequacy of system controls and to recommend any changes in the security policy.
In this Chapter such a broad perspective of database security is not taken.
Instead, main focus is directed towards aspects related to

Knapp's Relational Development Model
What forms of communication was Knapp's ideal of Relational Development model were identified. Explain each stage and apply relevant examples.
According to Knapp's model of Relational Development, he described the stages in which a relationship goes within the make up and break up steps
of coming together and coming apart. This blog will discuss each stage with examples.
When there is a bond between two individuals, the first overall part is the coming together stage. It is when both parties interact with one another in the
process of forming a relationship, this is called Initiating. For example, the likeness of one another, their personality and what makes you like the person
, it is the combination of you and the other person. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the bonding stage is most likely where people intend to keep their relationship going forever, sometimes it does not happen. Until now, the
rank of divorce couples is higher than the rate of committed couples.
Therefore, just like the coming together stages of a relationship there are five stages to coming apart. The first sign of a relationship coming to an end
is Differentiating, meaning the couple's commonalities and differences are affecting them. In the course of this stage, the impetus of "working
together" stance instantly move from "couple" to "individualistic". Temporary estrangement become a solution. For that reason, the relationship shifts
rapidly from differences to setting boundaries on the couple's interaction. This is called the Circumscribing stage, which means to know everything
you need to know about your partner but you avoid it by going around the problem. It is like saying your partner isn't sincere so you avoid the problem
and not sort it out which includes less communication.
The fourth stage is Stagnating, simply means that once you find out your partner is unfaithful you remain to do nothing about it. For instance, you
know your partner is playing around so you let it carry on until action is taken. Which eventually comes down to the final stage which is Terminating.
This is where relationship ends completely. Though it is hard to avoid relationships from getting to this stage of

Sql Vs. Oracle Server
SQL vs. Oracle Server
Dheeraj Balamoori
Wilmington University Abstract
Databases are most paramount part in today 's organizations. In the event that the servers are down for quite a while and data is not accessible there
would be enormous misfortune to the organization regarding income and good will. Thus, databases play an essential part in today 's business. There
are various relational database management systems (RDBMS) like Microsoft Access, Sybase, MySQL and oracle but out of all databases Oracle and
MS SQL are the widely used applications throughout the globe. Oracle databases are unique for having large and abnormal state abilities to handle the
circumstances like data inaccessibility, support issues, information and system failures and so forth. Microsoft SQL Server database has the usefulness
of high information accessibility and security however is not viable as of Oracle 's because it has good depth in high data availability. As Oracle is
having more enterprise applications the databse is used widely for most of the top financial companies like bank of America, HDFC Bank, National
Australia Bank
Introduction
Since their presentation in the 1980s, relational database administration frameworks (RDBMS) have turned into the standard database sort for an
assortment of commercial ventures. As their name suggests, these systems are focused around the social model that sorts out information into
gatherings of tables alluded to as relations.

Essay on Computer Forurm
Chapter 5 Normalization of Database Tables Discussion Focus Why are some table structures considered to be bad and others good and how do you
recognize the difference between good and bad structures? From an information management point of view, possibly the most vexing and destructive
problems are created through uncontrolled data redundancies. Such redundancies produce update and delete anomalies that create data integrity
problems. The loss of data integrity can destroy the usefulness of the data within the database. (If necessary, review Chapter 1, Section 1.4.4, "Data
Redundancy", to make sure that your students understand the terminology and that they appreciate the dangers of data redundancy.) Table structures are
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, normalization is only a part of the "good design to implementation" process. For example, normalization | |does not detect the
presence of synonyms. | | | |Remind your students that normalization takes place in tandem with data modeling. The proper procedure is to follow
these steps: | |Create a detailed description of operations. | |Derive all the appropriate business rules from the description of operations. | |Model the
data with the help of a good tool such as Visio's Crow's Foot option to produce an initial ERD. This ERD is the initial database blueprint.| |Use the
normalization procedures to remove data redundancies. This process may produce additional entities. | |Revise the ERD created in step

Questions On Online Analytical Processing
CHAPTER 3
On–Line Analytical Processing
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) applications and tools are those that are designed to ask "complex queries of large multidimensional collections
of data." OLAP is used for data mining, as well as the discovery of undiscerned relationship between data items. Since not all transactional data is
needed for trend analysis, the OLAP database doesn't have to be as large as a data warehouse. With the use of Open Database Connectivity (ODBC),
data can be imported from existing relational databases to create a multidimensional database for OLAP.
The Need for OLAP: What drives the OLAP system is the multidimensional nature of the business problem. These problems are characterized by
retrieving a very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The OLAP Guidelines:
Dr. E.F. Codd the "father" of the relational database model, created a list of rules or yardstick needed to measure any set of OLAP systems. Users
should priorities these rules according to their needs to match their business requirements.
These rules are:
1)Multidimensional Conceptual View: The OLAP system should provide an appropriate multidimensional data model that matches the business
problems as well as its requirements.
2)Transparency: The OLAP tool should be transparent to users. These transparency helps to improve efficiency and productivity of users by providing
them with the front–end tools that are familiar to them.
3)Accessibility: The OLAP tool should only provide access to data needed to perform a specific analysis.
4)Consistent Reporting Performance: Its important to ensure that users doesn't experience any form of degradation in performance due to increase in
the size of database.
5)Client/server Architecture: The OLAP system should use the client server architecture to ensure optimum performance, flexibility, adaptability and
interoperability.
6)Generic Dimensionality: The OLAP tool should ensure that the data dimensions entering should be equivalent to both the structure and operation

capabilities.
7)Dynamic Sparse Matrix Handling: The OLAP too should be able to manage the sparse matrix that is, the system should be able to deduce the
distribution of data and adjust the storage so as to achieve and

A Brief Note On Internet And Cloud Technology
Analysis on Database
Yakub Baba Mahammad ymahamma@kent.edu 810787990 NoSQL DB over Relational DB
Abstract:
As the use of Internet and cloud technology have increase a lot, traditional database are inefficient for storing large amount of data and the demand for
data bases which are efficient in storage and retrieval are increasing more. Using concurrent processing data retrieval is fast and NoSQL process using
concurrent processing. Introduction:
Present day most of the clients are using the traditional databases like Oracle, DB2 etc and are experiencing problems in storage and performance. A
large number of changes are required so that they can overcome all the drawback of the traditional database and researches are carrying out which is
resulting in the database which differ from the normal database characteristics. Various number of clients are changing to NoSQL to overcome the
drawbacks they are facing in traditional Database. So NoSQL have increasing demand because of following properties:
Concurrent processing
Databases are required ot process at the high speed and less delay with the major goal of satisfying the client in terms of performance.
Scalability, Reliability and Availability:
With the large number of simultaneous and great need of information storage for large data storage and guarantee fast continuous administration.
Concurrent query processing is done which is more efficient, retrieves the data quickly and update the database without

An Inverse Of A Relational Model
with range queries and bitmaps.
2.4 Column Store Model
In this model, data is stored in sections of columns instead of rows. This is almost an inverse of a relational model. The names of the column need
not be predefined, i.e. the structure isn 't fixed, which helps in great scalability and performance. Columns in a row are stored in order according to
their keys. A super–column also might be used which is nothing but a column containing nested sub–columns.
2.4.1 Cassandra:
Apache Cassandra is open source NoSQL database and it was found in Facebook. Cassandra 's data model offers the convenience of column indexes
with the performance of log–structured updates. It provides horizontal scalability and the downtime is lesser compared to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of using tables connected by keys, this model stores each record and its related data in the same document thereby eliminating the need of
JOIN queries as in a relational model. Whereas Cassandra is a column oriented data model and each row in the table is not required to have same
number of columns. The columns can be empty and it can have any number of columns and thus there are wide rows. Cassandra consists of keyspaces
similar to databases to relational databases and column family that is similar to tables in relational databases.
Key value store is a concept of storing the data value inside a key and Redis uses this concept. A particular benefit of key–value stores is their
simplicity and It supports such as data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with range queries and bitmaps. Whereas in Neo4j, the
application data is stored in the form graphs, nodes and relationships. Neo4j Graph database follows Property Graph Model to store and manage data.
Data has to be represented in Nodes, Relationships and Properties. Relationships connects nodes and it can be unidirectional or bidirectional. Properties
are key–value pairs.
3.2 Replication Mode:
Replication is done in order to increase availability and not to provide a single point of failure. Different databases follow different methods to

Relational Model 's Theory Of Social Life Essay
Introduction Alan Page Fiske catalyzed the advocacy of the relational model 's theory (RMT) in 1991. The theory states that there are four natural ways
of interrelating with other people. The author established the four models in his article structures of social life. Fiske affirms that the models work
together in varying combinations and control almost all transactions by human beings (Bolender, 2010, p.60). He further asserts that the models unify
ideas on moral judgment, social justice, religious, political ideology, and social conflict. It also informs the reactions to misfortunes and transgression.
He explains that they are the foundation of human sociality (Bolender, 2010, p.60). The four models of relations as identified by Fiske include market
pricing, equality matching, authority ranking, and communal sharing. The theory suggests the four models as the first cognitive models which
represent, comprehends, evaluates, and constructs social relationships (Haslam, 2004, p.3). Therefore, the models do not define the type of
relationships that exists between individuals in principle; the models are not empirically independent but are a contingent matter regarding the degree
of their association as they operate in a culture (Fiske and Fiske, 2007, p.284). The culture adopted by different communities varies according to the
combination of the four models. Fiske (1999) argues that everyone except the person with mental incapacitation who will confuse the models
understands

Association Quiz
Answer the following: a. What is an association, and what kinds of associations are possible among application entities? An association is a
connection between two active record models. Given in model a, there is: i. Belongs_to: b | a contains a foreign key for a record in the b table. With
this, a.b would give to the b record that a has the key for. ii. Has_one: b | There is at most one record b which has a foreign key for a record in a. A.b
would give you the b record that has this a's key iii. Has_many: b | There are zero or more records in the b table which has a foreign key which points
to a record in a. A.b would give you a collection of b records that have this a's key as a foreign key iv. Has_many: b :through c | Table c has at least 2
...
vi. Has_and_belongs_to_many: b | There is Join Table, this is a many–to– many association. A.b returns a collection of b records whose ids are in the
same row as this a's id on the join table b. Identify and describe the mechanism provided by relational databases to model associations. One record has
a foreign key for another record in a different table.A foreign key is the id of a record in a different table. This is done through BU CS–545 Spring
2016 Final 287 convention. If table a belongs to b, then there is a column in a called b_id, which can hold an integer. Each valid slot in b_id
contains an integer for which there is a record in b with that id, recalling that each record must have a unique id. In has_many_and_belongs to, a third
table must be created, called a join table, which contains a foreign key for both a and b. By convention, this table is called AB, the names of the tables
being joined, in alphabetical order, and has the columns a_id and b_id. Using the through association substitutes and

An Analysis Of The Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Big Six...
Comparison Summary
DBMS Server Comparison Supplement
An Analysis Of The Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Big Six Database Servers. In 1991 I performed a thorough evaluation and comparison of the
four major DBMSs at the time: Informix, Ingres, Oracle, and Sybase. This comparison was done for a client building a huge distributed database
application, currently in its second phase of d evelopment, with the first phase running successfully country–wide. At that stage, the distinguishing
criteria were query optimizers, triggers, views, and support for distributed databases. Some products had these features, but some others' marketing per
sonnel were just talking about them. For example, declarative integrity was a "future" that was at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To explain further, I review a few of the features in this comparison supplement.
Relational Data Model
Although the DBMS products reviewed here can rightfully claim to be relational, their support of the relational data model must be scrutinized closely.
Obviously they all support the basic relational concepts, such as data stored in tables and accessed b y high–level set operations, mostly through SQL.
However, not one of the Big Six supports domains. It is crucial that these products address this fundamental concept of the relational data model. You
must be able to define your domains and then specify y our table columns, and preferably also your stored procedure variables and parameters, in terms
of the domains. This process is necessary to ensure tight type–checking, as you can do in some programming languages. If a "small" (in terms of
market share) product such as Interbase could implement domains five years ago, surely the Big Six should be able to "get it right" today.
All of the Big Six can rightfully claim that they support declarative integrity constraints. Except for domain constraints, they all support declarative key,
column, and referential–integrity constraints. But you must investigate these claims closely as well. Only Informix and Oracle support cascading
delete as a referential–integrity constraint violation option, and only DB2 supports the

A Report On Relational Databases
NoSQL was created in the response to relational databases not being able to handle the scale and changing challenges of modern applications, they
also cannot take advantage of the cheap, easy storage abilities and also the processing power accessible now. NoSQL includes a variety of different
technologies that were developed in response to the surge of data stored by users, objects and products. They were also developed to contend with the
rising frequency that the data is accessed and the performance and processing needs. [7]
NoSQL databases can be set into different categories such as
Document databases – Document databases pair each key with a complex data structure known as a document. Documents can contain many different
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The architecture used by NoSQL databases allows for the databases to be scaled efficiently rather than the more strict architecture found in relational
databases.
Pros and Cons
When comparing the benefits to downfalls of both SQL and NoSQL, there are 6 areas which need to be looked at. These are how the systems allow
for querying, how transactions are carried out, the consistency the systems offer, how saleable they are, also how easily managed the systems are and
finally the schemas which are used by the systems.
SQL based databases support a ever expanding set of languages for queries, as well as the a massive number of filters, sorting options, projections
and index queries. NoSQL on the other hand allows for all this as well but does not have the more powerful aggregation options which are available to
SQL based databases.
Transactions allow for changes to be made to databases and atomicity ensures that these changes are done entirely. Having atomically made changes
guaranties that these changes are never done partially, this is important because without it multiple users could make transactions relating to the same
data and be working with different result causing data to be lost or new data being created, some NoSQL platforms do not support transactions but
most SQL platforms do.
Following the atomicity of the transactions consistency is also a big part of both types of platforms. MySQL

Programming
CS 2203 Unit 1 – 8 Self Quiz Review Questions
The main purpose of the information model is to inform software developers and provide protocol–specific constructs.
Select one:
True
False
Question 2
Which term describes each two–dimensional table or file in the relational model?
Select one:
a. Database
b. Relational Database
c. Data Warehouse
d. None of the Above
Question 3
If a relation has more than one candidate key the one chosen to represent the relation is called the:
Select one:
a. primary key
b. foreign key
c. alternate key
d. candidate key
Question 4
The first hierarchial DBMS was ____ and was released by IBM in 1968?
Select one:
a. IMS (Information Management System)

b. SQL
c. DB2
d. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
list all those who are resident and all those who have one child
b. list all those with 1 child
c. list all those who are resident
d. list only those who have one child as well as all those who are resident
Question 4
In strict relational terminology, an attribute is
Select one:
a. a table
b. a field
c. an entity
d. a record
Question 5
The entity integrity constraint says that if a relation R2 includes a foreign key FK matching the primary key PK of other relation R1, then every
value of FK in R2 must either be equal to the value of PK in some tuple of R1 or be wholly null.
Select one:
True
False
Question 6
The primary key does not have to be unique in relations that have a one to many relationship.
Select one:
True
False
Question 7
A foreign key can accept a null value unless otherwise restricted by a null constraint.
Select one:
True
False

Question 8
Integrity constraints are rules that help ensure the

Microsoft Sql Database Management System
Introduction and Methodology
Microsoft SQL Database Administrator Database plays a major role in any organization. As a Database administrator(DBA) he/she is responsible in
developing, implementing and maintaining the databases and DBA 's are also responsible in updating, backup 's and security of the databases. The first
Database Management System was developed in the late 1960 's by two firms based on their network data model but in the early 1970's a scientist of
IBM introduced Relational database theory after six years IBM completed prototype on RDBMS (relational database management system). Oracle
created the first versatile Relational Database Management Systems In 1983, which allowed organizations to use their DBMS on different machines
including mainframes, workstations, and Pc 's. In 1993 Microsoft first created a database application called Access for Macintosh machines. Microsoft
SQL server is a RDBMS which is used to store and retrieve the data by other software applications. There are 12 types of servers concentrated on
various types of user 's from single computer to large networks (Microsoft SQL DBA). I have pursued my under graduation in Information
Technology, during my course work I was more interested in databases and I have developed special interest in making it as my career. I have
learned basics of all database concepts and I have attended extra tuitions and seminars to get in depth knowledge about it. In the last semester of my
master's program I

Database Management System And Microsoft Sql Server Vs....
DBMS
Database Management System or DBMS is a collecting computer program used for creating, deleting, editing and maintaining collections of different
data records. There are many different types of database management systems; they are used to stored, managed database model. Different DBMS
systems are Relational Database System, Flat Files Base Database Management, Hierarchical Database Management Systems, Network Database
Management System and Object–oriented Database Management Systems. () Relational Database System includes Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL
Server, IBM DB2, mySQL, IBM DB2, SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise, and Teradata, etc.
Oracle Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Teradata:
Oracle database is a "collection of data treated as a unit" (Oracle.com). Oracle database system store and retrieve related information. Oracle Database
was the first database designed for enterprise grid computing, the most flexible and cost effective way to manage information and applications.
Microsoft SQL Server is a software product with the main function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications which may
run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet) ( )
Teradata is analytic data platforms, marketing applications, and related services. Its analytics products are meant to consolidate data from different
sources and make the data available for analysis.
RDSM Differences
Oracle database

The Relational Model For Data Storage
Abstract
The relational model, which uses predefined tabular relations to store data, has remained the preeminent model for data storage since it was first
implemented in the early 1980s. However, due to the proliferation of the Internet, today data flows in and out of organizations quickly, and most of this
data is in a semi–structured state that is designed for communication over http. It is difficult to fit this complex data into a flat two dimensional array.
For that reason, it is imperative that companies have the ability to store data in a semi–structured format compatible with modern network
communications as well as various platforms and devices. The market has realized this and responded with document stores that support formats, ...
However, the proliferation of the Internet in the late twentieth century has changed the database landscape rapidly and drastically.
Today, interconnected networks around the globe stream data to a profusion of devices that range from powerful mainframe supercomputers, and
massive grids of commodity machines to smartphones and tiny single–board computers embedded in home appliances. Most of the flow of data is
done through the Internet or over other large TCP/IP networks that utilize HTTP communications. For that reason, most of this data is in a
semi–structured state that is designed not for storage in a relational database, but for communication over HTTP. This data often arrives and leaves in a
voluminous stream. It is therefore difficult for organizations to convert the data quickly to and from a format that is conforms to the rigid tabular
structure of a relational schema.
Support for semi–structured data is integral to the collection and storage of data in the Internet age. While the relational model is sill a good long term
storage solution, organizations must be able to store and query semi–structured data that is in a format compatible with HTTP communication because
almost all modern devices use this medium of communication. While XML can serve as a solution to this problem, JSON, a condensed format that is
based on the well–known JavaScript language, has many benefits over XML which I will

Kroenke Ch2 Solutions Essay
Chapter 3 and 4 and Relational Algebra Chapter 3: 1.Consider the relation (20 points): PERSON_2 (Name, Sibling, Shoe_Size, Hobby) Assume that the
following functional dependencies exist: Name пѓ пѓ Sibling Name пѓ Shoe_Size Name пѓ пѓ Hobby a.Describe deletion, modification, and insertion
anomalies for this relation. Consider the following relation: NameSiblingShoe_SizeHobby JonesFredEModel boats JonesFredEScuba Diving
JonesSallyEModel boats JonesSallyEScuba Diving JonesFrankEModel boats JonesFrankEScuba Diving GreeneNikkiBEmbroidery
ChauJonathanCScuba diving ChauEileenCScuba diving Deletion anomaly: If a Name drops a Hobby, one line must be deleted for each Sibling. For
example, if... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Assume that students can have multiple nicknames. a.State any multivalued dependencies. We will assume that Number пѓ Name where name is not
unique (i.e., there may be more than one "John Smith", each with a different student number). Then the multivalued dependencies are: Number пѓ пѓ
Sibling Number пѓ пѓ Nickname Note: We can not assume that Name пѓ пѓ Nickname because Name is not unique. For example, one John Smith
may have the nickname "Johnny" while another John Smith has the nickname "Joe". If Name пѓ пѓ Nickname then John Smith пѓ пѓ ("Johnny",
"Joe") which means that both nicknames apply to both John Smiths. But this is not the case – each John Smith has only one nickname, and they are not
the same. b.State the functional dependencies. We will assume that Number пѓ Name where name is not unique (i.e., there may be more than one
"John Smith", each with a different student number). Then the functional dependencies are: Number пѓ Name Number пѓ Dorm Number пѓ
RoomType RoomType пѓ DormCost Note: This assumes that only RoomType пѓ DormCost – that is, the cost of a certain type of dorm room is the
same no matter what dorm the student is living in. An alternate assumption would be that (Dorm, RoomType) пѓ DormCost, where the cost of the type
of dorm room varies form dorm to dorm. c.Transform this table into two or more tables such that each table is

The 's Model Of Relational Development
Throughout an individual 's life, they will be consistently forming and breaking relationships with other people. Relationships that a person will
develop can go through some or all the stages of Knapp 's model of relational development. When a relationship is progressing through Knapp 's
different stages, the individuals in a relationship will go through the different types of dialectic tension and conflict. In the movie, The Boy in the
Striped Pajamas, two relationships are needed to be analyzed to fulfill the coming together phase, the coming apart phase, the three dialectic tensions,
and the different types of conflict.
In the movie, Bruno and Shmuel, the two main characters, can be seen going through the five coming together stages: initiating, experimenting,
intensifying, integrating, bonding. In the initiating stage, two people meet and exchange typical pleasantries such as hello and nice to meet you. Bruno
and Shmuel go through this phase by saying phrases like "hello" and "what is your name?" at the fence of the concentration camp. The next stage is
experimenting, which is when two people exchange small talk to see if they have anything in common. This stage comes right after the initiating stage
and continues to their next meeting when Bruno starts asking Shamel questions such as do you likes games and how old are you. The third stage is the
intensifying stage which is when two individuals are more likely to touch and the range of topics increase. The intensifying

Sql Server Vs Oracle : Sql
SQL Server vs Oracle
Background of SQL:
A group that was commissioned by IBM created a simplified version of DSL/Alpha (DSL/Alpha was proposed by Dr. Edgar F. Ted Codd for
manipulating the data in relational database) and named it as SQUARE. With few additional functionalities to SQUARE they created a new language
called SEQUEL. Later on SEQUEL was renamed as SQL (Structured Query Language). In 1980s, American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
began to work on the SQL language and by the end of 1986 they first published the standard SQL language. Later on new standards have been released
in SQL during 1989 to till date.
Background of Microsoft SQL Server: Microsoft SQL Server is a Relational Database management system that was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Fully managed Microsoft SQL server is recommended for colleges, or other groups that require SQL server but doesn't have proper hardware or
software to support the database. Background of Oracle:
Oracle is a US based multinational computer technology corporation which develops and markets computer hardware and software products. Oracle
develop tools for database development, Enterprise System Software and many other tools. Oracle is the second largest software corporation in terms
of their revenue after Microsoft. Larry Ellison is the co–founder of Oracle Corporation with Bob Miner and Ed Oates under the name Software
Development Laboratories. Later on they changed the name to Relational Software Inc in the year 1979 by developing some DBMS functionalities
to the former one. Slowly they rename it to Oracle in the year 1995. He also served as CEO of Oracle till mid of September 2014.
Oracle database is an object relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. The Oracle RDBMS stores the
data logically in the form of tablespaces and physically in the form of data files. Tablespaces can contain variour types of memory segments such as
data segments, Index segments etc. Segments in turn contains one or more extents. Extents contains groups of contiguous data blocks. Data blocks
form the basic units of Data storage. Oracle is planning for newer versions of database

Application Software And Relational Databases
Computer software can be divided into two main categories: application software and system software.
Application Software:
Application Software includes programs that do real work for user.
Example:
Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet andDatabase Management System etc.
Application software consists of the programs for performing tasks particular to the machine's utilization. Examples of application software include
spreadsheets, database systems, desktop publishing systems, program development software, and games." Application software is generally what we
think of when someone speaks of computer programs. This software is designed to solve a particular problem for users.
System ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The information handled and manipulated by the other layers of an n–tier system is basically stored in a structured manner in a database. Take an
example of any organization. How do you think they store their employee and customer information? Yes, they store it in a database. Imagine a website
and where do you think the site maintains the login information about its users? The answer is again, a database.
A relational database contains tables which are linked together. Each table contains records which contain fields. A query can filter your records to
show just the ones that meet certain criteria or to arrange them in a particular order.
[pic]
Relational Databases – An Introduction
One of the most popularly used database models is the relational model. It was developed by Edgar Codd in 1969. This model provides a declarative
method for specification of data and queries. In a relational model of a database, the database users directly state the information they want to be
retrieved from it and abstract away from the responsibility of describing the data structures that are used to store data. A database that confirms to the
relational database model is known as a relational database.

A relational database is a collection of relations or tables. The rows of a table in a relational database are known as tuples and each column of a table
is called an attribute. By definition, a relation becomes a set of tuples having the same attributes. Operations,

In Memory Database Essay
A No–SQL (often interpreted as Not Only SQL) database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modelled in means other than
the tabular relations used in relational databases. Motivations for this approach include simplicity of design, horizontal scaling and finer control over
availability.
What is In Memory Database?
An in–memory database (IMDB; also main memory database system or MMDB or memory resident database) is a database management system that
primarily relies on main memory for computer data storage. It is contrasted with database management systems that employ a disk storage mechanism.
Main memory databases are faster than disk–optimized databases since the internal optimization algorithms are simpler and execute ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are two factors hastening the use of in–memory technology, and DataStax introduced the latest database management system (DBMS) to add
in–memory processing capabilities.
DataStax Enterprise is a highly scalable DBMS based on open source Apache Cassandra. Its strengths are flexible NoSQL data modeling,
multi–data–center support, and linear scalability on clustered commodity hardware. Customers like eBay, Netflix, and others typically run globally
distributed deployments at massive scale.
Use cases for the new feature include scenarios in which semi–static data experience frequent overwrites. Examples include sites or apps with top–10 or
top–20 lists that are constantly updated, online games with active leader boards, online gambling sites, or online shopping sites with active "like,"
"want," and "own" listings.
DataStax is following in familiar footsteps, as lots of DBMS vendors are adding in–memory features. Microsoft, for example, has extensively
previewed an In–Memory OLTP option (formerly project Hekaton) that will be included in soon–to–be–launched Microsoft SQL Server 2014. And
Oracle has announced that it, too, will add an in–memory option for its flagship 12c database. General release of that option isn't expected until early
next

Relational Model: Alan Page Fiske's Theory
RELATIONAL MODELS THEORY Introduction Alan Page Fiske catalyzed the advocacy of the relational model 's theory (RMT) in 1991. The theory
states that there are four natural ways of interrelating with other people. The author established the four models in his article structures of social life.
Fiske affirms that the models work together in varying combinations and control almost all transactions by human beings (Bolender, 2010, p.60). He
further asserts that the models unify ideas on moral judgment, social justice, religious, political ideology, and social conflict. It also informs the
reactions to misfortunes and transgression. He explains that they are the foundation of human sociality (Bolender, 2010, p.60). The four models of
relations as identified by Fiske include market pricing, equality matching, authority ranking, and communal sharing. The theory suggests the four
models as the first cognitive models which represent, comprehends, evaluates, and constructs social relationships (Haslam, 2004, p.3). Therefore, the
models do not define the type of relationships that exists between individuals in principle; the models are not empirically independent but are a
contingent matter regarding the degree of their association as they operate in a culture (Fiske and Fiske, 2007, p.284). The culture adopted by different
communities varies according to the combination of the four models. Fiske (1999) argues that everyone except the person with mental incapacitation
who will confuse

SQL Database Advantages And Disadvantages
Firstly, SQL databases store related data in tables and SQL queries can be used to retrieve large amount of records from a database by using SELECT
statement quickly and efficiently.
In SQL database, structure and data type are conform to a fixed schema. The columns must be decided and locked before data entry whereas each row
must contain data in its column. To store a new data item, the entiredatabase must be altered, during which time the database must be taken offline.
Furthermore, SQL is a portable system runs in program on mainframes, PCs, laptops, servers and mobile phones. Database that use SQL is compatible
in every device because it runs in local systems, intranet and internet.
SQL is easy to learn and understand. It is because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ACID properties enable the system to manage a certain characteristic for each transaction. Every transaction is assured that these characteristics are in
place. Therefore, SQL can also guarantee the stability, security and predictability both of the entire database and every particular transaction.
Disadvantage of SQL
Although there are many advantages by using the SQL database system, but there are still have drawbacks in using the SQL database system. First,
when the size of the database or number of users increases, RDBMS that used SQL will suffer from drop in performance which makes the real time
unstructured data processing more challenging. It is because old RDBMS are not able to handle the amount of transactions that modern databases are
capable of dealing with every second. For example, Internet leaders like Amazon or Alibaba deal with the large amount of data will bottleneck a
RDBMS in a matter of minutes.
Next, SQL database is facing difficulty in interface. It is because SQL database is more complicated than only adding a few lines of code. SQL also
need more features that implemented in proprietary way. Although SQL databases meet the ANSI and ISO standards, but some databases go one step
further by allowing extensions to suit special needs to ensure vendor

Relational Turbulence Model
Base on my marriage of six–years, my previous marriage and witnessing how my close friends interact in their relationships, I can conclude that I
agree and relate to most of the author's description on Social Exchange Theory. Just like explained in the comparison level, we all believe that we
have outcomes that we are entitled to in any relationship we have. (Miller, 2015, p. 177) For example, in my friendships, if I put 'X' amount of effort
in a friendship, I expect my friend to put the at least the equal amount of effort. I would not consider my happy and successful six–year marriage to have
had costs. We have invested so much into our relationship though. Maybe I feel this way due to the fact that I know my wife and I are such a great fit...
I think its very immature to think a serious–committed relationship is easy and never gets tough. The relational turbulence model best describes how
my wife and I were. When she moved in with me before we got married, we were spending more time together and the turbulence increased. Even
though there was turbulence we never thought it was anything to end the relationship over. We knew it would take time to learn each other's routines
and characteristic. (Miller, 2015, p.193) I have seen many individuals end their relationship just because it got challenging or because it wasn't fairly
tale perfect. I have friends who are searching for the fairy tale, although they always set the other person up for failure with ridiculous expectations.
My perspective is that is when you truly learn about your partner and see them for who they really are. I would say that the first two years living
together way the hardest but the turbulence went dramatically diminished after that. In my situation, I know my wife and I feel that staying together
through the tough times was worth the long term rewards. I believe it has been the rocky times that has really brought us

Relational Database Model And No Sql Database System
COMPARISON OF RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL AND NO SQL DATABASE SYSTEM:
The Relational database and the No SQL database are both appropriate database methods depending on the way they are being implemented and the
purpose of the business for which they are being incorporated. However, both the database approaches have distinct wide variety of characteristics,
based on which they can be compared and contrasted in the following way.
STRUCTURE OF DATA: The data structure of a relationaldatabase comprises of table structure. Every table is identified by a unique name or
label. The data tables are described as the collection of rows and columns. Each row of the table is known as the record and each column is known as
the field of the specific data table. All the data sets are well organized and logical linked to each other through definite and unique relationships. A
table, therefore can also be defined as the "structured collection of relationships". The fundamental aim of developing No SQL database systems is to
easily and effectively handle vast quantity of data or information in advanced web–scale applications. In order to achieve this purpose, the No SQL
systems are designed as the schema–free database systems. There are different modes to define the No SQL databases that typically depend on the
requirements of the data that has to be managed. The main No SQL data structures include column database, key–value store database, document store
database, graph database and

Models Of Relational Models
Relational Models
In–depth review on relational models theory reveals four relational models that people use (unconsciously) "to plan and to generate their own action, to
understand, remember, and anticipate others' action, to coordinate the joint production of collective action and institutions, and to evaluate their own
and others' actions" (Bridoux & Stoelhorst, 2016:232). This theory gives insight on how mental representations of relationships affect contributions to
joint value creation.
Communal Sharing (CS): actor is characterized by a fusion of the self with the community. In this type of relational models, the community identity is
psychologically salient while the personal identity is rendered invisible/pushed to the background. In CS frame, everybody sees ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the relational theory emphasize further that the four models are sufficient enough to generate the very high diversity in social relationships
observed in practice based on the following two reasons. First, actors' relationship behavior/disposition may be different if found in different domain of
their relationship, and it outcomes variety across relationships (Fiske & Haslam, 2005; Fiske, 2012; Bridoux & Stoelhorst, 2016). Second, the cultural
context (i.e., organizational, ethnic national, etc.), ascertain the precise implementation rules of the relational models. In other words, when, how, and
with whom to implement each relational model ( e.g,. in order to operate EM, actors must have a shared understanding of the exact proper interval
between receiving and giving in return; Bridoux & Stoelhorst,

Applying Normalized Tables And The Model Of The Entity...
then be able to identify the dependencies between the attributes, and then create normalized tables directly based on those dependencies. More often
than not this can be done mentally or on paper before the tables are even added to the actual design.
Normalization appropriates the affiliation amongst all of the attributes within the entity table to achieve its goal. Since the Entity Relationship Diagram
will also contain the appropriations amongst the attributes, as a common base to identify the entity type structure, than it is possible to then apply the
normalization principles, all during the conceptual data modeling phase. Enacting Normalization during the Entity Relationship Diagram can then
improve the conceptual model, and therefore ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The relationship are then indicated by the common columns, or the domains, in the data tables are related. The Transitive Dependency within an entity
type takes place of the non entity attributive attributes have dependency amongst there selves. Multi – Valued dependency likeness in the Entity
Relationship Diagram can take place when the attributes within the entity example have more than one value. This is a potential instance when some
attributes within an entity examples have the maximum cardinality of n, or more than 1. When the attribute has lots of values in an entity example,
this can be setup either as the composite key modifier of the entity type, or then split into the weak entity type.
Normalized Entity Relationship represents the dependency approach in Entity Relationship Diagram toward the intended use in the application of
normal form. Normalization is a many step occurrence that begins with "unnormalized" relations.The first set up in normalization is to appropriate the
data into a two dimensional table. In an unnormalized relation the data can repeat within the columns. To be able to move to a first normal form a
relation must also contain only the atomic values at each of the rows and columns. So this means no repeating groups, and a set of columns will be
named the Candidate key when its value can

Relational Database Model And Key Value Store Data Model...
COMPARISON OF RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL AND KEY
–VALUE STORE DATA MODEL OF NO SQL DATABASE SYSTEM: The
Relational database system and the key–value store model of No SQL database systems are both appropriate database methods depending on the way
they are being implemented and the purpose of the business for which they are being incorporated. However, both the database approaches have distinct
wide variety of characteristics, based on which they can be compared and contrasted in the following way.
STRUCTURE OF DATA: The data structure of arelational database comprises of table structure. Every table is identified by a unique name or
label. The data tables are described as the collection of rows and columns. Each row of the table is known as the record and each column is known as
the field of the specific data table. All the data sets are well organized and logical linked to each other through definite and unique relationships. A
table, therefore can also be defined as the "structured collection of relationships". The fundamental aim of developing No SQL database systems is to
easily and effectively handle vast quantities of data or information in advanced web–scale applications. In order to achieve this purpose, the No SQL
systems are designed as the schema–free database systems. There are different modes to define the No SQL databases that typically depend on the
requirements of the data that has to be managed. The data model for key–value store No SQL database is

Relational Database System ( Rdbms ) Essay
A relational database is a group of data which classified into a set of tables that can be accessed in several ways without having to reconstruct the
tables' oftenly.Relational Database was proposed by Edgar Codd around the time 1969 since then it has become very prevalent for commercial
applications. In the 20th century there were countless Relational Database System (RDBMS) ,take for instance: IBM.DB2 and Oracle. Glossary The
following are the main terms and concepts related to the named model: 1.Attributes –they describe the facts, details or characteristics of an entity. The
attributes that maybe contained in an invoice might be name, number and paid/unpaid. 2.Table –this is where data is stored for processing and output
.The table is defined as a collection of correlating data consisting of rows and columns. For example, the CUSTOMER or PURCHASES table may
entail the customer first name, last name, address and the product that the customer purchased or wishes to purchase. 3.Field–this is a column in a table
that is constructed to save and maintain particular information about records that are stored in the table. They can include name, age and salary fields.
4.Record– commonly called a record, usually referred to as a 'slot' or space that resides in a table, it is most commonly recognized as a horizontal
entity. For instance, the CUSTOMER's table will consists of numerous related records. Cust_FnameCust_AgeCust_Address Stacy20Clarkia Drive
5.Reports–this is

Relational Versus NoSQL Data Models

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