ideology of political economics

1. Ideologi dan Ekonomi Politik
EkoPol FEUI – Gasal 21-22
Surjadi, 7 Sep 21

2. Definisi
(Robertson 2004 - Routledge Dict of Politics)
Ideology is a difficult, but frequently-used, concept in the
social sciences, and one that has endless submeanings
in both academic and everyday discussion.
The simplest definition is probably given by a translation
of the German word Weltanschauung, which is often
used as though intertranslatable with ‘ideology’.
This translation would render ‘ideology’ as ‘world-view’,
the overall perception one has of what the world,
especially the social world, consists of and how it
works.

3. Definisi
(Routledge Dict of Politics)
An ideology, and most students of ideology would
want to say that we all had one, though often
without realizing it, is a complete and self-
consistent set of attitudes, moral views, empirical
beliefs and even rules of logical discourse and
scientific testing.
However, ideologies, which tell us what we should
or do want, and how to achieve these goals, are
often held to be highly relative, and even purely
subjective.

4. Walaupun ditawari gaji yang besarnya 2 kali dari
pendapatan saat ini sebagai pengemudi ojek
online, Budi tidak tertarik pada pekerjaan staf
bagian distribusi sebuah perusahaan rokok.
Alasan Budi adalah: tidak ingin melakukan
pekerjaan berhubungan dengan produk yang
lebih banyak menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi
masyarakat.

5. • The Housing & Development Board (HDB) is Singapore's public
housing authority. We plan and develop Singapore's housing estates;
building homes and transforming towns to create a quality living
environment for all. We provide various commercial, recreational,
and social amenities in our towns for our residents’ convenience.
• Established on 1 February 1960 during our nation’s housing crisis, we
were tasked with providing sanitary living conditions to replace the
prevalent unhygienic slums and crowded squatter settlements. We
delivered, and built 21,000 flats in less than 3 years. By 1965, within
a decade of our formation, we had built 54,000 flats.
• Singapore's public housing has housed an entire nation – today, more
than 1 million flats have been completed in 23 towns and 3 estates
across the island. HDB flats are home to over 80% of Singapore's
resident population, with about 90% of these resident households
proudly owning their home.
• For over 50 years, we have provided quality and affordable public
housing for generations of Singaporeans, and we are proud to
continue doing so.
(silakan bandingkan dengan “Tentang Perumnas” https://perumnas.co.id)

6. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/23/AR2008102300193.html
(Okt 2008)
REP.HENRY WAXMAN (D):
• The question I have for you is, you had an ideology, you had a belief that free,
competitive -- and this is your statement -- "I do have an ideology. My
judgment is that free, competitive markets are by far the unrivaled way to
organize economies. We've tried regulation. None meaningfully worked." That
was your quote.
• You had the authority to prevent irresponsible lending practices that led to the
subprime mortgage crisis. You were advised to do so by many others. And now
our whole economy is paying its price.
• Do you feel that your ideology pushed you to make decisions that you wish you
had not made?
ALAN GREENSPAN
Well, remember that what an ideology is, is a
conceptual framework with the way people deal
with reality. Everyone has one. You have to -- to
exist, you need an ideology. The question is
whether it is accurate or not.
And what I'm saying to you is, yes, I found a flaw. I
don't know how significant or permanent it is, but
I've been very distressed by that fact.

7. Sistem Ekonomi yang Dijalankan di Indonesia
(bahan dari Prof DKJ)
1950-1958 (Demokrasi Parlementer )
Ekonomi liberal, untuk mengakomodasi dominasi
bisnis Belanda dan Perjanjian KMB Desember 1949
1959-1966 (Demokrasi Terpimpin )
Sosialisme Indonesia dan Ekonomi Terpimpin, untuk
membangun ekonomi nasional yang mandiri
(“berdikari”)
“NASAKOM” sebagai motornya

8. 1985

9. Sistem Ekonomi yang Dijalankan di Indonesia
(bahan dari Prof DKJ)
1967-1998 (Orde Baru)
Ekonomi campuran (mixed economy),
untuk melaksanakan pembangunan
nasional lewat GBHN dan Repelita,
serta Bappenas sebagai pengendali

10. 1999-2004 (“Reformasi I” )
Ekonomi “Washington Consensus/IMF-World Bank”,
untuk merehabilitasi dan menstabilkan ekonomi
nasional untuk keluar dari krisis multi-dimensi
1997/8
2005- … (“Reformasi II” )
”Ekonomi terbuka”, untuk menyesuaikan pembangunan
nasional dengan keterbukaan global

11. Penafsiran Pancasila dan UUD 1945
Tap MPR No.II/1978 tentang P4 (Pedoman
Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila)
”bahwa Pancasila yang merupakan pandangan
hidup Bangsa dan dasar Negara Republik
Indonesia perlu dihayati dan diamalkan secara
nyata untuk menjaga kelestarian dan
keampuhannya demi terwujudnya tujuan
Nasional serta cita-cita Bangsa seperti
tercantum dalam Pembukaan Undang-Undang
Dasar 1945”

12. Penafsiran Pancasila dan UUD 1945
BAB XIV - KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL
Pasal 33
(1) Perekonomian disusun sebagai usaha bersama
berdasarkan atas azas kekeluargaan.
(2) Cabang-cabang produksi yang penting bagi Negara
dan yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak
dikuasai oleh Negara.
(3) Bumi dan air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung
didalamnya dikuasai oleh Negara dan
dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besarnya
kemakmuran rakyat.

15. Contoh kasus perbedaan penafsiran UUD 1945:
Mahkamah Konsitusi (MK) menyatakan UU
No.20 Tahun 2002 tentang Ketenagalistrikan
bertentangan dengan Pasal 33 UUD 1945.

16. Petikan perdebadatan dalam Keputusan MK tentang UU No.20/2002

17. Recently, there has been a lot of debate about
neoliberalism in the mass media, mostly with a
negative connotation. In particular, Dr Boediono was
immediately attacked as a neoliberal when selected as
running mate of presidential candidate Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono. He was even slandered as a ‘foreign
lackey’ (antek asing) who was always ready to do the
bidding of the IMF and the World Bank to the
detriment (damage) of Indonesia’s national interests.
Implied in the criticism of being an adherent of
neoliberalism is the unfounded accusation that a
neoliberal economic technocrat will leave everything to
the workings of the free market, without any
government intervention.
(Thee Kian Wie, 26 Mei 09)
Bagaimana komentar anda tentang tulisan di atas?

18. Todaro & Smith (2012:110)
Neoclassicists obtained controlling votes on the boards of the
world’s two most powerful international financial agencies—
the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
Todaro & Smith (2012:126-127)

19. https://bpip.go.id/bpip/profil/440/profil.html

20. https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-5037943/luhut-bicara-5000-tka-di-morowali-mereka-yang-paham-teknologi
Morowali