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Internal Citations and Reference Page Handout
Revised 2017Many of the papers you write in college
require you to “add thinking” or use ideas that are not your
own, in support of your own thoughts. When you borrow other
people’s ideas to supplement your own, there is an absolute
requirement that you provide documentation. The type or
document format depends on the discipline. Most English
courses (including this one) use Modern Language Association
(MLA) rules which specify how internal citation and work(s)
cited entries look. Always ask your instructor if you are not
sure which format a course is using. If you have access to the
latest Microsoft Word software, the following steps take most
of the guesswork out of creating accurate internal citations and
work(s) cited entries on a work(s) cited page using both MLA
style formats.
How to Create Internal Citations inside your Paper:
Step 1: Choose Location for Source in your Paper
Left click in the exact spot where you want the internal citation
to appear in your document.
Note: Your internal citation first appears wherever your mouse
cursor is when you start. You can always cut, copy, paste and
“move” citations from one spot to another anywhere on the
page—at any time.
Step 2: Choose Format
From the Home Ribbon tab, left click on the “References” tab.
Note: Check that the “STYLE” option is set to the format type
(MLA, APA, etc.) you are using. Format styles can be re-set
(from one format to another) at any time simply by left clicking
the arrow on the edge of the style window dialogue box. Scroll
down the menu list and click on the new style format that you
want.
Step 3: Add New Source or Create Placeholder
Left click on “Insert Citation” and then on “Add New Source”
to create a new citation.
Note: Clicking “Add New Source” opens a new window for you
to begin adding all of the required information for creating
internal citations but sometimes all you know is that you need
to cite but are not quite ready to create the internal citation
entry. When this happens, use the placeholder feature to mark
the spot where an internal citation will be placed by left
clicking on “New Place Holder” and then on “OK” to create a
“space holder” for where the internal citation will eventually be
placed.
To edit (create citations where you have) “placeholders,” left
click on the arrow at the edge of the window and from the drop
down menu that appears, select “edit source” and follow Steps
4-6 below.
Step 4: Choose the Category that Best (Most Closely) Fits your
Source Type
Left click on the arrow located at the right edge of the “Type of
Source” drop down menu and choose a category for the type of
source you want to internally cite in your paper.
Note: If there is no exact category for your source type, choose
the one “closest” to it.
Step 5: Complete All Required “Bibliography Fields”
Information Fields
Note: Required Bibliographic Fields are those that are marked
with an asterisk (*) which denotes information that must be
added. Required information varies from source-to-source. To
see the other optional fields for a source, left click on “Show
All Bibliographic Fields” box, located in lower left hand corner
of window. If there is other information, not required by the
source to be listed, but you think would be helpful for your
reader in trying to locate or know something about your
particular source, left click on the show all fields tab and fill in
as much of the additional information as you think necessary.
Step 6: Click OK to Apply (Insert or Place Your Internal
Citation)
Note: The internal citation you just created appears immediately
inside your paper, in the exact spot where your mouse cursor
was when you started the process in Step 1. You can always,
however, cut, copy, paste and “move” citations from one spot to
another anywhere on the page.
How to Insert the Work Cited Page Entry at the end (bottom) of
your Paper
Step 1: From the Home Ribbon tab, left click on the References
tab
Note: Make sure your cursor is exactly where you want to place
your Work Cited information before you start the process below
because, like internal citations, your Work Cited entry appears
wherever your cursor is when you start.
Step 2: Left click “Manage Sources” and the Source Manager
Window Opens.
Note: in the “Source Manager” window, you will see a “Left”
and “Right” window pane: The Right Pane: contains your
Master List (every source created by the user on a computer
using the Microsoft Word References tab. This list remains
indefinitely but only appears on the computer where you are
using the Microsoft Word Reference tab feature.
The Left Pane contains the current list of sources. Make sure
that every source used in the current document is in the current
list window pane because whatever is in the Current List
appears on your reference page. This list also remains
indefinitely but only appears on the computer you are using.
· To move source entries from the Master Pane to your Current
List pane, left click on the source you want to move and then on
the > arrow to move it.
· Always click on and check Manage Sources to be sure that
every source appearing on the work(s) cited page has actually
been used in your paper.
Step 3: Left click on “Close” to exit from inspecting sources on
your “Current List”
Step 4: Left click on “References” tab, then left click
“Bibliography” and then on Work Cited to use the MLA to
source list format.
Note: The Work(s) Cited page appears wherever your cursor
was when you started the process. The words Works Cited(s)
needs to be centered at the top of the page. To do this: move
your cursor in front of the word(s) and click on “Center” to
move the text to the center of the page.
How to Edit an Existing Internal Citation From Inside Your
Paper:
Step 1: Place your Mouse after the source you want to edit
Left click the mouse to edit to open the edit menu.
Step 2: Hover over the citation to chow the citation link
Edit (make whatever changes you want to make) then left click
on OK to apply changes.
How to Edit an Existing Internal Citation from the Master List
Step 1: Open the Source List
From the Reference tab, left click on Manage Sources
Step 2: Select the Source You Want to Edit
From the Master List, (left window pane) left click on the
source to be edited and then on and then left click on edit.
Step 3: Make the desired changes then left click to apply
Note: If you make any changes to an existing (already created)
source, a new dialogue box opens with the following message:
This source exists in both your Master List and in the Current
Document. (Click “yes” to make whatever changes you are
making take effect in both places).
Step 4: Left click on “Close” to complete the editing process
Note: Repeat Steps 2-3 above to edit another source.
Conclusion:
I hope you find these steps helpful in creating and inserting
MLA format internal citations and MLA work cited page
entries. You may want to keep this document as a reference
point for use in creating APA and other types of sources in
other classes. If you need more help with Internal Citations and
Work Cited pages in this course, try using the other reference
materials referred to in the assignment document.
Once More to the Lake
By E. B. White�
E. B. White (1898 - 1985) began his career as a professional
writer with the newly founded New Yorker magazine in the
1920s. Over the years he produced nineteen books including
collections of essays, the famous children's books Stuart Little
and Charlotte' s Web, and the long popular writing textbook The
Elements of Style.
One summer, along about 1904, my father rented a camp on a
lake in Maine and took
us all there for the month of August. We all got ringworm from
some kittens and had
to rub Pond's Extract on our arms and legs night and morning,
and my father rolled over in a canoe with all his clothes on; but
outside of that the vacation was a success and from then on
none of us ever thought there was any place in the world like
that lake in Maine. We returned summer after summer--always
on August 1st for one month. I have since become a salt-water
man, but sometimes in summer there are days when the
restlessness of the tides and the fearful cold of the sea water
and the incessant wind which blows across the afternoon and
into the evening make me wish for the placidity of a lake in the
woods. A few weeks ago this feeling got so strong I bought
myself a couple of bass hooks and a spinner and returned to the
lake where we used to go, for a week's fishing and to revisit old
haunts.
I took along my son, who had never had any fresh water up his
nose and who had seen lily pads only from train windows. On
the journey over to the lake I began to wonder what it would be
like. I wondered how time would have marred this unique, this
holy spot--the coves and streams, the hills that the sun set
behind, the camps and the paths behind the camps. I was sure
that the tarred road would have found it out and I wondered in
what other ways it would be desolated. It is strange how much
you can remember about places like that once you allow your
mind to return into the grooves which lead back. You remember
one thing, and that suddenly reminds you of another thing. I
guess I remembered clearest of all the early mornings, when the
lake was cool and motionless, remembered how the bedroom
smelled of the lumber it was made of and of the wet woods
whose scent entered through the screen. The partitions in the
camp were thin and did not extend clear to the top of the rooms,
and as I was always the first up I would dress softly so as not to
wake the others, and sneak out into the sweet outdoors and start
out in the canoe, keeping close along the shore in the long
shadows of the pines. I remembered being very careful never to
rub my paddle against the gunwale for fear of disturbing the
stillness of the cathedral. The lake had never been what you
would call a wild lake. There were cottages sprinkled around
the shores, and it was in farming although the shores of the lake
were quite heavily wooded. Some of the cottages were owned by
nearby farmers, and you would live at the shore and eat your
meals at the farmhouse. That's what our family did. But
although it wasn't wild, it was a fairly large and undisturbed
lake and there were places in it which, to a child at least,
seemed infinitely remote and primeval.
I was right about the tar: it led to within half a mile of the shore
But when I got back there, with my boy, and we settled into a
camp near a farmhouse and into the kind of summertime I had
known, I could tell that it was going to be pretty much the same
as
it had been before--I knew it, lying in bed the first morning,
smelling the bedroom, and hearing the boy sneak quietly out
and go off along the shore in a boat. I began to sustain the
illusion that he was I, and therefore, by simple transposition,
that I was my father. This sensation persisted, kept cropping up
all the time we were there. It was not an entirely new feeling,
but in this setting it grew much stronger. I seemed to believing
a dual existence. I would be in the middle of some simple act, I
would be picking up a bait box or laying down a table fork, or I
would be saying something and suddenly it would be not I but
my father who was saying the words or making the gesture. It
gave me a creepy sensation.
We went fishing the first morning. I felt the same damp moss
covering the worms in the bait can, and saw the dragonfly alight
on the tip of my rod as it hovered a few inches from the surface
of the water. It was the arrival of this fly that convinced me
beyond any doubt that everything was as it always had been,
that the years were a mirage and there had been no years. The
small waves were the same, chucking the rowboat under the
chin as we fished at anchor, and the boat was the same boat, the
same color green and the ribs broken in the same places, and
under the floor-boards the same freshwater leavings and debris-
-the dead helgramite, the wisps of moss, the rusty discarded
fishhook, the dried blood from yesterday's catch. We stared
silently at the tips of our rods, at the dragonflies that came and
wells. I lowered the tip of mine into the water, tentatively,
pensively dislodging the fly, which darted two feet away poised,
darted two feet back, and came to rest again a little farther up
the rod. There had been no years between the ducking of this
dragonfly and the other one--the one that was part of memory. I
looked at the boy, who was silently watching his fly, and it was
my hands that held his rod, my eyes watching. I felt dizzy and
didn't know which rod I was at the end of.
We caught two bass, hauling them in briskly as though they
were mackerel, pulling them over the side of the boat in a
businesslike manner without any landing net, and stunning them
with a blow on the back of the head. When we got back for a
swim before lunch, the lake was exactly where we had left it,
the same number of inches from the dock, and there was only
the merest suggestion of a breeze. This seemed an utterly
enchanted sea, this lake you could leave to its own devices for a
few hours and come back to, and find that it had not stirred, this
constant and trustworthy body of water. In the shallows, the
dark, water-soaked sticks and twigs, smooth and old, were
undulating in clusters on the bottom against the clean ribbed
sand, and the track of the mussel was plain. A school of
minnows swam by, each minnow with its small, individual
shadow, doubling the attendance, so clear and sharp in the
sunlight. Some of the other campers were in swimming, along
the shore, one of them with a cake of soap, and the water felt
thin and clear and insubstantial. Over the years there had been
this person with the cake of soap, this cultist, and here he was.
There had been no years.
Up to the farmhouse to dinner through the teeming, dusty field,
the road under our sneakers was only a two-track road. The
middle track was missing, the one with the marks of the hooves
and the splotches of dried, flaky manure. There had always been
three tracks to choose from in choosing which track to walk in;
now the choice was narrowed down to two. For a moment I
missed terribly the middle alternative. But the way led past the
tennis court, and something about the way it lay there in the sun
reassured me; the tape had loosened along the backline, the
alleys were green with plantains and other weeds, and the net
(installed in June and removed in September) sagged in the dry
noon, and the whole place steamed with midday heat and hunger
and emptiness. There was a choice of pie for dessert, and one
was blueberry and one was apple, and the waitresses were the
same country girls, there having been no passage of time, only
the illusion of it as in a dropped curtain--the waitresses were
still fifteen; their hair had been washed, that was the only
difference--they had been to the movies and seen the pretty girls
with the clean hair.
Summertime, oh summertime, pattern of life indelible, the fade
proof lake, the woods
unshatterable, the pasture with the sweet fern and the juniper
forever and ever, summer without end; this was the background,
and the life along the shore was the design, the cottages with
their innocent and tranquil design, their tiny docks with the
flagpole and the American flag floating against the white clouds
in the blue sky, the little paths over the roots of the trees
leading from camp to camp and the paths leading back to the
outhouses and the can of lime for sprinkling, and at the souvenir
counters at the store the miniature birch-bark canoes and the
post cards that showed things looking a little better than they
looked. This was the American family at play, escaping the city
heat, wondering whether the newcomers at the camp at the head
of the cove were "common" or "nice," wondering whether it was
true that the people who drove up for Sunday dinner at the
farmhouse were turned away because there wasn't enough
chicken.
It seemed to me, as I kept remembering all this, that those times
and those summers had been infinitely precious and worth
saving. There had been jollity and peace and goodness. The
arriving (at the beginning of August) had been so big a business
in itself, at the railway station the farm wagon drawn up, the
first smell of the pine-laden air, the first glimpse of the smiling
farmer, and the great importance of the trunks and your father's
enormous authority in such matters, and the feel of the wagon
under you for the long ten-mile haul, and at the top of the last
long hill catching the first view of the lake after eleven months
of not seeing this cherished body of water--the shouts and cries
of the other campers when they saw you, and the trunks to be
unpacked, to give up their rich burden. (Arriving was less
exciting nowadays, when you sneaked up in your car and parked
it under a tree near the camp and took out the bags and in five
minutes it was all over, no fuss, no loud wonderful fuss about
trunks.)
Peace and goodness and jollity. The only thing that was wrong
now, really, was the sound of the place, an unfamiliar nervous
sound of the outboard motors. This was the note that jarred, the
one thing that would sometimes break the illusion and set the
years moving. In those other summer times, all motors were
inboard; and when they were at a little distance, the noise they
made was a sedative, an ingredient of summer sleep. They were
one-cylinder and two-cylinder engines, and some were make-
and-break and some were jump-spark, but they all made a
sleepy sound across the lake. The one-lungers throbbed and
fluttered, and the twin-cylinder ones purred and purred, and that
was a quiet sound too. But now the campers all had outboards.
In the daytime, in the hot mornings, these motors made a
petulant, irritable sound; at night, in the still evening when the
afterglow lit the water, they whined about one's ears like
mosquitoes. My boy loved our rented outboard, and his great
desire was to achieve single-handed mastery over it, and
authority, and he soon learned the trick of choking it a little
(but not too much), and the adjustment of the needle valve.
Watching him I would remember the things you could do with
the old one-cylinder engine with the heavy flywheel, how you
could have it eating out of your hand if you got really close to it
spiritually. Motor boats in those days didn't have clutches, and
you would make a landing by shutting off the motor at the
proper time and coasting in with a dead rudder. But there was a
way of reversing them, if you learned the trick, by cutting the
switch and putting it on again exactly on the final dying
revolution of the flywheel, so that it would kick back against
compression and begin reversing. Approaching a dock in a
strong following breeze, it was difficult to slow up sufficiently
by the ordinary coasting method, and if a boy felt he had
complete mastery over his motor, he was tempted to keep it
running beyond its time and then reverse it a few feet from the
dock. It took a cool nerve, because if you threw the switch a
twentieth of a second too soon you would catch the flywheel
when it still had speed enough to go up past center, and the boat
would leap ahead, charging bull-fashion at the dock.
We had a good week at the camp. The bass were biting well and
the sun shone endlessly, day after day. We would be tired at
night and lie down in the accumulated heat of the little
bedrooms after the long hot day and the breeze would stir
almost imperceptibly outside and the smell of the swamp drift
in through the rusty screens.
Sleep would come easily and in the morning the red squirrel
would be on the roof, tapping out his gay routine. I kept
remembering everything, lying in bed in the mornings--the
small steamboat that had a long rounded stern like the lip of a
Ubangi, and how quietly she ran on the moonlight sails, when
the older boys played their mandolins and the girls sang and we
ate doughnuts dipped in sugar, and how sweet the music was on
the water in the shining night, and what it had felt like to think
about girls then. After breakfast we would go up to the store
and the things were in the same place--the minnows in a bottle,
the plugs and spinners disarranged and pawed over by the
youngsters from the boys' camp, the fig newtons and the
Beeman's gum. Outside, the road was tarred and cars stood in
front of the store.
Inside, all was just as it had always been, except there was more
Coca Cola and not so much Moxie and root beer and birch beer
and sarsaparilla. We would walk out with a bottle of pop apiece
and sometimes the pop would backfire up our noses and hurt.
We explored the streams, quietly, where the turtles slid off the
sunny logs and dug their way into the soft bottom; and we lay
on the town wharf and fed worms to the tame bass. Everywhere
we went I had trouble making out which was I, the one walking
at my side, the one walking in my pants.
One afternoon while we were there at that lake a thunderstorm
came up. It was like
the revival of an old melodrama that I had seen long ago with
childish awe. The second-act climax of the drama of the
electrical disturbance over a lake in America had not changed in
any important respect. This was the big scene, still the big
scene. The whole thing was so familiar, the first feeling of
oppression and heat and a general air around camp of not
wanting to go very far away. In mid-afternoon (it was all the
same) a curious darkening of the sky, and a lull in everything
that had made life tick; and then the way the boats suddenly
swung the other way at their moorings with the coming of a
breeze out of the new quarter, and the premonitory rumble.
Then the kettle drum, then the snare, then the bass drum and
cymbals, then crackling light against the dark, and the gods
grinning and licking their chops in the hills. Afterward the
calm, the rain steadily rustling in the calm lake, the return of
light and hope and spirits, and the campers running out in joy
and relief to go swimming in the rain, their bright cries
perpetuating the deathless joke about how they were getting
simply drenched, and the children screaming with delight at the
new sensation of bathing in the rain, and the joke about getting
drenched linking the generations in a strong indestructible
chain--and the comedian who waded in carrying an umbrella.
When the others went swimming my son said he was going in
too. He pulled his dripping trunks from the line where they had
hung all through the shower, and wrung them out. Languidly,
and with no thought of going in, I watched him, his hard little
body, skinny and bare, saw him wince slightly as he pulled up
around his vitals the small, soggy, icy garment. As he buckled
the swollen belt suddenly my groin felt the chill of death.
Work Cited
White, E. B. Once More to the Lake. The McGraw Hill Reader:
Issues Across the Disciplines. New York: McGraw Hill,
WCCCD edition. 2012.
Page 5 of 5
Critical Response Essay (CRE) 2
CRE 2 is due Sunday, October 6, 2019 at 11:59 PM. CRE 2
must be attached to its Assignment drop box. Late submissions
OK until October 16, 2019 at 4 PM (NOT 11: 59 PM) and lose
10 points before grading.
Instructions:
You must choose either Langston Hughes’ essay “Salvation” is
on pp 668-669 in Steps to Writing Well With Additional
Readings or E. B. White’s essay, “Once More to the Lake”
(located under the Course DOCUMENT tab) to support the
development of Critical Response Essay (CRE) 2. Choose only
one of the two essays above and its corresponding topic choice
below.
Once you make a choice, review the Mandatory Requirements
for developing your topic choice. NO OTHER OUTSIDE
(ADDITIONAL) SOURCES ARE PERMITTED.
Topic Choice 1: Based on the “Salvation” essay
Langston Hughes’ “Salvation” essay purposely examines
religion from the perspective of a particularly memorable
childhood experience. In the essay, Langston Hughes clearly
says that he comes away from the revival experience no longer
believing “there was a Jesus anymore, since He didn’t come to
help” (669) when Hughes felt he most needed Jesus. If you
select this essay as a topic,
First, examine the essay title. Do you find Hughes’ attitude at
the end of his essay regarding religion to be ironic, meaning do
you find the essay title, “Salvation” to be incongruent with what
he says at the end of the essay? WHY or WHY NOT? Explain.
Next, based on your reading of his essay, WHY DO YOU
THINK that childhood in particular is a time in life when
religious questions are especially relevant (significant)? Write
an essay which explores answers to both of these questions.
Mandatory Requirements for Developing Topic Choice 1:
· The body of your essay must include and discuss specific
ideas from Hughes’ essay in support of your essay response.
· Do not simply summarize or directly quote ideas from Hughes'
essay. Explain how why or in what way each idea you select
supports the thesis of your essay.
· You are also specifically required to use concrete examples
from your own life experiences to support your response for
Topic Choice One.
· Include MLA formatted internal citations for ALL ideas
borrowed from the Hughes’ essay (whether paraphrased or
directly quoted) and a work cited page entry at the end of your
paper. Treat Hughes essay as a printed source.
Topic Choice 2: Based on the “Once More to the Lake” essay
E. B. White’s essay, “Once More to the Lake” explores the
theme of nostalgia, which means mixed feelings of happiness,
sadness, and longing about people and places from one’s past.
In an essay, explore your own thinking about nostalgia, using
ideas from BOTH White’s essay and your own life.
Specifically, explore the proposition that nostalgia can obscure
the true nature of family relationships and even cause one to
suppress painful memories that should be confronted.
Mandatory Requirements for Topic Choice 2:
· Establish your own thesis statement in response to the topic
above and make use of ideas in White’s essay to support your
thinking.
· You are specifically required to use concrete examples from
your own life experiences to support your response for Topic
Choice Two. Be specific in how why or what way your own
examples tie in with ideas from the essay.
· Do not simply summarize or directly quote what White talks
about or says in his essay. Use his ideas to support the
development of your own thesis and ideas you come up with in
support of your essay.
· Include MLA formatted internal citations for ideas borrowed
from White’s essay and a work cited page entry at the end of
your paper.
· Treat the E.B. White’s essay document as an Electronic
Document from a Web Page
Mandatory CRE 2 Format Requirements (applies to both topic
choices):
· Minimum of 2 and 2 ½, maximum pages in length; 11 point
minimum, 12 point maximum, standard business font
· Indent the start of all paragraphs one tab from the margin.
· Use double spacing throughout but do not “double-double
space” between paragraphs
· Center a TITLE at top of page; titles always reflect the
writer’s thesis statement
· Single space your name, date, and section number in right
hand corner of the paper’s HEADER (space above the top one
inch margin on the page).
· Failure to state a thesis, adequately develop your essay with
your own ideas, include and document ideas borrowed from the
essay you select in MLA format, or meet minimum page
requirements can result in significant point reductions and/or
the paper’s rejection.
· I also reserve the right to make substantial point reductions
and or reject ANY CRE 2 ESSAY SUBMISSION that comes
back with a match to sources other than ideas from the essay.
· To avoid this result, DO NOT GOOGLE OR SEARCH FOR
OUTSIDE SOURCES ON THE INTERNET OR BORROW
MATERIAL FROM OTHERS.
Additional CRE Essay Requirements: (All Finished Essays
Must):
· Observe the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion Format
· Your Introduction paragraph must have a complete thesis
statement.
· A thesis comes to a specific conclusion about the topic you
select and say why the conclusion you come to is important or
significant to you.
· Have adequately developed paragraphs, meaning you must
explain carefully and in detail how, why, or in what way any
ideas used supports or helps to establish your thesis position.
· Develop the body paragraphs of your essay, using ideas from
your own experience.
· You must also include and explain how why or in whatever
ideas you choose from the essay you select support your
thinking.
· Summarize the thesis statement in a final conclusion
paragraph.
· Your final conclusion paragraph should also include a
summary of one or two important ideas already discussed in the
body
· No New ideas appear in the final conclusion paragraph.
· Include MLA formatted internal citations for all borrowed
ideas and a work cited page entry at the end of your paper.
· The only borrowed ideas that are permitted in your CRE 2
Essay response are ideas from the essay you select from the
assignment sheet.
· Treat the E.B. White essay document as an Electronic
Document from a Web Page and the Hughes essay as a printed
source when creating the Work Cited page entries for whichever
source you select.
For Format and MLA Internal Citation and Work Cited Rules:
There is a sample Essay Format (DOCUMENT tab) for
paragraph and line spacing of your essay.
See pp 421-425 in the Steps to Writing Well with Additional
Readings textbook for help with internal citation rules and pp
431-440 for the work cited page entry.
You can also use the “How to create and place MLA internal
citations and work cited entries” worksheet under the
DOCUMENT tab.
Finally, there are internal citations and work cited MLA web
links under the Web Link tab in the course.
Points and Submission Details:
· CRE 2 is worth 100 possible points and due Sunday, October
6, 2019 at 11:59 PM.
· Click on the ASSIGNMENT tab then on the name of the
assignment (CRITICAL RESPONSE ESSAY 2) then on browse;
when the new window opens, double click on the file from its
saved location, and then click on submit to upload.
· Note: If you miss the deadline above, the CRE 2 Drop Box
stays open until the end of the course: October 16, 2019 at 4 not
11:59 PM for late submissions (minus 10 points).
Assignment and Technical Support:
· Assignment related questionscome to me via email but, in
order to avoid delayed responses, must include your section
number B08 so I know where to go in BB to help. This
especially includes emails sent from your phone to my personal
email: [email protected].
· This assignment is entirely in Blackboard (not Mind Tap) so
all technical support questions must be directed to WCCD at
Technical Support at 1.866.846.8494. You can also try Live
Chat & Help Ticket System: Click on ctrl + link below or cut
and paste address in your browser window:
http://d2.parature.com/ics/support/default.asp?deptID=3579
Page 2 of 3
Internal Citations and Reference Page HandoutRevised 2017Many of.docx

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  • 1. Internal Citations and Reference Page Handout Revised 2017Many of the papers you write in college require you to “add thinking” or use ideas that are not your own, in support of your own thoughts. When you borrow other people’s ideas to supplement your own, there is an absolute requirement that you provide documentation. The type or document format depends on the discipline. Most English courses (including this one) use Modern Language Association (MLA) rules which specify how internal citation and work(s) cited entries look. Always ask your instructor if you are not sure which format a course is using. If you have access to the latest Microsoft Word software, the following steps take most of the guesswork out of creating accurate internal citations and work(s) cited entries on a work(s) cited page using both MLA style formats. How to Create Internal Citations inside your Paper: Step 1: Choose Location for Source in your Paper Left click in the exact spot where you want the internal citation to appear in your document. Note: Your internal citation first appears wherever your mouse cursor is when you start. You can always cut, copy, paste and “move” citations from one spot to another anywhere on the page—at any time. Step 2: Choose Format From the Home Ribbon tab, left click on the “References” tab. Note: Check that the “STYLE” option is set to the format type (MLA, APA, etc.) you are using. Format styles can be re-set (from one format to another) at any time simply by left clicking the arrow on the edge of the style window dialogue box. Scroll down the menu list and click on the new style format that you
  • 2. want. Step 3: Add New Source or Create Placeholder Left click on “Insert Citation” and then on “Add New Source” to create a new citation. Note: Clicking “Add New Source” opens a new window for you to begin adding all of the required information for creating internal citations but sometimes all you know is that you need to cite but are not quite ready to create the internal citation entry. When this happens, use the placeholder feature to mark the spot where an internal citation will be placed by left clicking on “New Place Holder” and then on “OK” to create a “space holder” for where the internal citation will eventually be placed. To edit (create citations where you have) “placeholders,” left click on the arrow at the edge of the window and from the drop down menu that appears, select “edit source” and follow Steps 4-6 below. Step 4: Choose the Category that Best (Most Closely) Fits your Source Type Left click on the arrow located at the right edge of the “Type of Source” drop down menu and choose a category for the type of source you want to internally cite in your paper. Note: If there is no exact category for your source type, choose the one “closest” to it. Step 5: Complete All Required “Bibliography Fields” Information Fields Note: Required Bibliographic Fields are those that are marked with an asterisk (*) which denotes information that must be added. Required information varies from source-to-source. To see the other optional fields for a source, left click on “Show All Bibliographic Fields” box, located in lower left hand corner of window. If there is other information, not required by the source to be listed, but you think would be helpful for your
  • 3. reader in trying to locate or know something about your particular source, left click on the show all fields tab and fill in as much of the additional information as you think necessary. Step 6: Click OK to Apply (Insert or Place Your Internal Citation) Note: The internal citation you just created appears immediately inside your paper, in the exact spot where your mouse cursor was when you started the process in Step 1. You can always, however, cut, copy, paste and “move” citations from one spot to another anywhere on the page. How to Insert the Work Cited Page Entry at the end (bottom) of your Paper Step 1: From the Home Ribbon tab, left click on the References tab Note: Make sure your cursor is exactly where you want to place your Work Cited information before you start the process below because, like internal citations, your Work Cited entry appears wherever your cursor is when you start. Step 2: Left click “Manage Sources” and the Source Manager Window Opens. Note: in the “Source Manager” window, you will see a “Left” and “Right” window pane: The Right Pane: contains your Master List (every source created by the user on a computer using the Microsoft Word References tab. This list remains indefinitely but only appears on the computer where you are using the Microsoft Word Reference tab feature. The Left Pane contains the current list of sources. Make sure that every source used in the current document is in the current list window pane because whatever is in the Current List appears on your reference page. This list also remains indefinitely but only appears on the computer you are using.
  • 4. · To move source entries from the Master Pane to your Current List pane, left click on the source you want to move and then on the > arrow to move it. · Always click on and check Manage Sources to be sure that every source appearing on the work(s) cited page has actually been used in your paper. Step 3: Left click on “Close” to exit from inspecting sources on your “Current List” Step 4: Left click on “References” tab, then left click “Bibliography” and then on Work Cited to use the MLA to source list format. Note: The Work(s) Cited page appears wherever your cursor was when you started the process. The words Works Cited(s) needs to be centered at the top of the page. To do this: move your cursor in front of the word(s) and click on “Center” to move the text to the center of the page. How to Edit an Existing Internal Citation From Inside Your Paper: Step 1: Place your Mouse after the source you want to edit Left click the mouse to edit to open the edit menu. Step 2: Hover over the citation to chow the citation link Edit (make whatever changes you want to make) then left click on OK to apply changes. How to Edit an Existing Internal Citation from the Master List Step 1: Open the Source List From the Reference tab, left click on Manage Sources Step 2: Select the Source You Want to Edit From the Master List, (left window pane) left click on the source to be edited and then on and then left click on edit. Step 3: Make the desired changes then left click to apply
  • 5. Note: If you make any changes to an existing (already created) source, a new dialogue box opens with the following message: This source exists in both your Master List and in the Current Document. (Click “yes” to make whatever changes you are making take effect in both places). Step 4: Left click on “Close” to complete the editing process Note: Repeat Steps 2-3 above to edit another source. Conclusion: I hope you find these steps helpful in creating and inserting MLA format internal citations and MLA work cited page entries. You may want to keep this document as a reference point for use in creating APA and other types of sources in other classes. If you need more help with Internal Citations and Work Cited pages in this course, try using the other reference materials referred to in the assignment document. Once More to the Lake By E. B. White� E. B. White (1898 - 1985) began his career as a professional writer with the newly founded New Yorker magazine in the 1920s. Over the years he produced nineteen books including collections of essays, the famous children's books Stuart Little and Charlotte' s Web, and the long popular writing textbook The Elements of Style. One summer, along about 1904, my father rented a camp on a lake in Maine and took us all there for the month of August. We all got ringworm from some kittens and had
  • 6. to rub Pond's Extract on our arms and legs night and morning, and my father rolled over in a canoe with all his clothes on; but outside of that the vacation was a success and from then on none of us ever thought there was any place in the world like that lake in Maine. We returned summer after summer--always on August 1st for one month. I have since become a salt-water man, but sometimes in summer there are days when the restlessness of the tides and the fearful cold of the sea water and the incessant wind which blows across the afternoon and into the evening make me wish for the placidity of a lake in the woods. A few weeks ago this feeling got so strong I bought myself a couple of bass hooks and a spinner and returned to the lake where we used to go, for a week's fishing and to revisit old haunts. I took along my son, who had never had any fresh water up his nose and who had seen lily pads only from train windows. On the journey over to the lake I began to wonder what it would be like. I wondered how time would have marred this unique, this holy spot--the coves and streams, the hills that the sun set behind, the camps and the paths behind the camps. I was sure that the tarred road would have found it out and I wondered in what other ways it would be desolated. It is strange how much you can remember about places like that once you allow your mind to return into the grooves which lead back. You remember one thing, and that suddenly reminds you of another thing. I guess I remembered clearest of all the early mornings, when the lake was cool and motionless, remembered how the bedroom smelled of the lumber it was made of and of the wet woods whose scent entered through the screen. The partitions in the camp were thin and did not extend clear to the top of the rooms, and as I was always the first up I would dress softly so as not to wake the others, and sneak out into the sweet outdoors and start out in the canoe, keeping close along the shore in the long shadows of the pines. I remembered being very careful never to rub my paddle against the gunwale for fear of disturbing the
  • 7. stillness of the cathedral. The lake had never been what you would call a wild lake. There were cottages sprinkled around the shores, and it was in farming although the shores of the lake were quite heavily wooded. Some of the cottages were owned by nearby farmers, and you would live at the shore and eat your meals at the farmhouse. That's what our family did. But although it wasn't wild, it was a fairly large and undisturbed lake and there were places in it which, to a child at least, seemed infinitely remote and primeval. I was right about the tar: it led to within half a mile of the shore But when I got back there, with my boy, and we settled into a camp near a farmhouse and into the kind of summertime I had known, I could tell that it was going to be pretty much the same as it had been before--I knew it, lying in bed the first morning, smelling the bedroom, and hearing the boy sneak quietly out and go off along the shore in a boat. I began to sustain the illusion that he was I, and therefore, by simple transposition, that I was my father. This sensation persisted, kept cropping up all the time we were there. It was not an entirely new feeling, but in this setting it grew much stronger. I seemed to believing a dual existence. I would be in the middle of some simple act, I would be picking up a bait box or laying down a table fork, or I would be saying something and suddenly it would be not I but my father who was saying the words or making the gesture. It gave me a creepy sensation. We went fishing the first morning. I felt the same damp moss covering the worms in the bait can, and saw the dragonfly alight on the tip of my rod as it hovered a few inches from the surface of the water. It was the arrival of this fly that convinced me beyond any doubt that everything was as it always had been, that the years were a mirage and there had been no years. The small waves were the same, chucking the rowboat under the
  • 8. chin as we fished at anchor, and the boat was the same boat, the same color green and the ribs broken in the same places, and under the floor-boards the same freshwater leavings and debris- -the dead helgramite, the wisps of moss, the rusty discarded fishhook, the dried blood from yesterday's catch. We stared silently at the tips of our rods, at the dragonflies that came and wells. I lowered the tip of mine into the water, tentatively, pensively dislodging the fly, which darted two feet away poised, darted two feet back, and came to rest again a little farther up the rod. There had been no years between the ducking of this dragonfly and the other one--the one that was part of memory. I looked at the boy, who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hands that held his rod, my eyes watching. I felt dizzy and didn't know which rod I was at the end of. We caught two bass, hauling them in briskly as though they were mackerel, pulling them over the side of the boat in a businesslike manner without any landing net, and stunning them with a blow on the back of the head. When we got back for a swim before lunch, the lake was exactly where we had left it, the same number of inches from the dock, and there was only the merest suggestion of a breeze. This seemed an utterly enchanted sea, this lake you could leave to its own devices for a few hours and come back to, and find that it had not stirred, this constant and trustworthy body of water. In the shallows, the dark, water-soaked sticks and twigs, smooth and old, were undulating in clusters on the bottom against the clean ribbed sand, and the track of the mussel was plain. A school of minnows swam by, each minnow with its small, individual shadow, doubling the attendance, so clear and sharp in the sunlight. Some of the other campers were in swimming, along the shore, one of them with a cake of soap, and the water felt thin and clear and insubstantial. Over the years there had been this person with the cake of soap, this cultist, and here he was. There had been no years.
  • 9. Up to the farmhouse to dinner through the teeming, dusty field, the road under our sneakers was only a two-track road. The middle track was missing, the one with the marks of the hooves and the splotches of dried, flaky manure. There had always been three tracks to choose from in choosing which track to walk in; now the choice was narrowed down to two. For a moment I missed terribly the middle alternative. But the way led past the tennis court, and something about the way it lay there in the sun reassured me; the tape had loosened along the backline, the alleys were green with plantains and other weeds, and the net (installed in June and removed in September) sagged in the dry noon, and the whole place steamed with midday heat and hunger and emptiness. There was a choice of pie for dessert, and one was blueberry and one was apple, and the waitresses were the same country girls, there having been no passage of time, only the illusion of it as in a dropped curtain--the waitresses were still fifteen; their hair had been washed, that was the only difference--they had been to the movies and seen the pretty girls with the clean hair. Summertime, oh summertime, pattern of life indelible, the fade proof lake, the woods unshatterable, the pasture with the sweet fern and the juniper forever and ever, summer without end; this was the background, and the life along the shore was the design, the cottages with their innocent and tranquil design, their tiny docks with the flagpole and the American flag floating against the white clouds in the blue sky, the little paths over the roots of the trees leading from camp to camp and the paths leading back to the outhouses and the can of lime for sprinkling, and at the souvenir counters at the store the miniature birch-bark canoes and the post cards that showed things looking a little better than they looked. This was the American family at play, escaping the city heat, wondering whether the newcomers at the camp at the head of the cove were "common" or "nice," wondering whether it was true that the people who drove up for Sunday dinner at the
  • 10. farmhouse were turned away because there wasn't enough chicken. It seemed to me, as I kept remembering all this, that those times and those summers had been infinitely precious and worth saving. There had been jollity and peace and goodness. The arriving (at the beginning of August) had been so big a business in itself, at the railway station the farm wagon drawn up, the first smell of the pine-laden air, the first glimpse of the smiling farmer, and the great importance of the trunks and your father's enormous authority in such matters, and the feel of the wagon under you for the long ten-mile haul, and at the top of the last long hill catching the first view of the lake after eleven months of not seeing this cherished body of water--the shouts and cries of the other campers when they saw you, and the trunks to be unpacked, to give up their rich burden. (Arriving was less exciting nowadays, when you sneaked up in your car and parked it under a tree near the camp and took out the bags and in five minutes it was all over, no fuss, no loud wonderful fuss about trunks.) Peace and goodness and jollity. The only thing that was wrong now, really, was the sound of the place, an unfamiliar nervous sound of the outboard motors. This was the note that jarred, the one thing that would sometimes break the illusion and set the years moving. In those other summer times, all motors were inboard; and when they were at a little distance, the noise they made was a sedative, an ingredient of summer sleep. They were one-cylinder and two-cylinder engines, and some were make- and-break and some were jump-spark, but they all made a sleepy sound across the lake. The one-lungers throbbed and fluttered, and the twin-cylinder ones purred and purred, and that was a quiet sound too. But now the campers all had outboards. In the daytime, in the hot mornings, these motors made a petulant, irritable sound; at night, in the still evening when the afterglow lit the water, they whined about one's ears like
  • 11. mosquitoes. My boy loved our rented outboard, and his great desire was to achieve single-handed mastery over it, and authority, and he soon learned the trick of choking it a little (but not too much), and the adjustment of the needle valve. Watching him I would remember the things you could do with the old one-cylinder engine with the heavy flywheel, how you could have it eating out of your hand if you got really close to it spiritually. Motor boats in those days didn't have clutches, and you would make a landing by shutting off the motor at the proper time and coasting in with a dead rudder. But there was a way of reversing them, if you learned the trick, by cutting the switch and putting it on again exactly on the final dying revolution of the flywheel, so that it would kick back against compression and begin reversing. Approaching a dock in a strong following breeze, it was difficult to slow up sufficiently by the ordinary coasting method, and if a boy felt he had complete mastery over his motor, he was tempted to keep it running beyond its time and then reverse it a few feet from the dock. It took a cool nerve, because if you threw the switch a twentieth of a second too soon you would catch the flywheel when it still had speed enough to go up past center, and the boat would leap ahead, charging bull-fashion at the dock. We had a good week at the camp. The bass were biting well and the sun shone endlessly, day after day. We would be tired at night and lie down in the accumulated heat of the little bedrooms after the long hot day and the breeze would stir almost imperceptibly outside and the smell of the swamp drift in through the rusty screens. Sleep would come easily and in the morning the red squirrel would be on the roof, tapping out his gay routine. I kept remembering everything, lying in bed in the mornings--the small steamboat that had a long rounded stern like the lip of a Ubangi, and how quietly she ran on the moonlight sails, when
  • 12. the older boys played their mandolins and the girls sang and we ate doughnuts dipped in sugar, and how sweet the music was on the water in the shining night, and what it had felt like to think about girls then. After breakfast we would go up to the store and the things were in the same place--the minnows in a bottle, the plugs and spinners disarranged and pawed over by the youngsters from the boys' camp, the fig newtons and the Beeman's gum. Outside, the road was tarred and cars stood in front of the store. Inside, all was just as it had always been, except there was more Coca Cola and not so much Moxie and root beer and birch beer and sarsaparilla. We would walk out with a bottle of pop apiece and sometimes the pop would backfire up our noses and hurt. We explored the streams, quietly, where the turtles slid off the sunny logs and dug their way into the soft bottom; and we lay on the town wharf and fed worms to the tame bass. Everywhere we went I had trouble making out which was I, the one walking at my side, the one walking in my pants. One afternoon while we were there at that lake a thunderstorm came up. It was like the revival of an old melodrama that I had seen long ago with childish awe. The second-act climax of the drama of the electrical disturbance over a lake in America had not changed in any important respect. This was the big scene, still the big scene. The whole thing was so familiar, the first feeling of oppression and heat and a general air around camp of not wanting to go very far away. In mid-afternoon (it was all the same) a curious darkening of the sky, and a lull in everything that had made life tick; and then the way the boats suddenly swung the other way at their moorings with the coming of a breeze out of the new quarter, and the premonitory rumble. Then the kettle drum, then the snare, then the bass drum and cymbals, then crackling light against the dark, and the gods grinning and licking their chops in the hills. Afterward the
  • 13. calm, the rain steadily rustling in the calm lake, the return of light and hope and spirits, and the campers running out in joy and relief to go swimming in the rain, their bright cries perpetuating the deathless joke about how they were getting simply drenched, and the children screaming with delight at the new sensation of bathing in the rain, and the joke about getting drenched linking the generations in a strong indestructible chain--and the comedian who waded in carrying an umbrella. When the others went swimming my son said he was going in too. He pulled his dripping trunks from the line where they had hung all through the shower, and wrung them out. Languidly, and with no thought of going in, I watched him, his hard little body, skinny and bare, saw him wince slightly as he pulled up around his vitals the small, soggy, icy garment. As he buckled the swollen belt suddenly my groin felt the chill of death. Work Cited White, E. B. Once More to the Lake. The McGraw Hill Reader: Issues Across the Disciplines. New York: McGraw Hill, WCCCD edition. 2012. Page 5 of 5 Critical Response Essay (CRE) 2 CRE 2 is due Sunday, October 6, 2019 at 11:59 PM. CRE 2 must be attached to its Assignment drop box. Late submissions OK until October 16, 2019 at 4 PM (NOT 11: 59 PM) and lose 10 points before grading. Instructions: You must choose either Langston Hughes’ essay “Salvation” is on pp 668-669 in Steps to Writing Well With Additional Readings or E. B. White’s essay, “Once More to the Lake”
  • 14. (located under the Course DOCUMENT tab) to support the development of Critical Response Essay (CRE) 2. Choose only one of the two essays above and its corresponding topic choice below. Once you make a choice, review the Mandatory Requirements for developing your topic choice. NO OTHER OUTSIDE (ADDITIONAL) SOURCES ARE PERMITTED. Topic Choice 1: Based on the “Salvation” essay Langston Hughes’ “Salvation” essay purposely examines religion from the perspective of a particularly memorable childhood experience. In the essay, Langston Hughes clearly says that he comes away from the revival experience no longer believing “there was a Jesus anymore, since He didn’t come to help” (669) when Hughes felt he most needed Jesus. If you select this essay as a topic, First, examine the essay title. Do you find Hughes’ attitude at the end of his essay regarding religion to be ironic, meaning do you find the essay title, “Salvation” to be incongruent with what he says at the end of the essay? WHY or WHY NOT? Explain. Next, based on your reading of his essay, WHY DO YOU THINK that childhood in particular is a time in life when religious questions are especially relevant (significant)? Write an essay which explores answers to both of these questions. Mandatory Requirements for Developing Topic Choice 1: · The body of your essay must include and discuss specific ideas from Hughes’ essay in support of your essay response. · Do not simply summarize or directly quote ideas from Hughes' essay. Explain how why or in what way each idea you select supports the thesis of your essay.
  • 15. · You are also specifically required to use concrete examples from your own life experiences to support your response for Topic Choice One. · Include MLA formatted internal citations for ALL ideas borrowed from the Hughes’ essay (whether paraphrased or directly quoted) and a work cited page entry at the end of your paper. Treat Hughes essay as a printed source. Topic Choice 2: Based on the “Once More to the Lake” essay E. B. White’s essay, “Once More to the Lake” explores the theme of nostalgia, which means mixed feelings of happiness, sadness, and longing about people and places from one’s past. In an essay, explore your own thinking about nostalgia, using ideas from BOTH White’s essay and your own life. Specifically, explore the proposition that nostalgia can obscure the true nature of family relationships and even cause one to suppress painful memories that should be confronted. Mandatory Requirements for Topic Choice 2: · Establish your own thesis statement in response to the topic above and make use of ideas in White’s essay to support your thinking. · You are specifically required to use concrete examples from your own life experiences to support your response for Topic Choice Two. Be specific in how why or what way your own examples tie in with ideas from the essay. · Do not simply summarize or directly quote what White talks about or says in his essay. Use his ideas to support the
  • 16. development of your own thesis and ideas you come up with in support of your essay. · Include MLA formatted internal citations for ideas borrowed from White’s essay and a work cited page entry at the end of your paper. · Treat the E.B. White’s essay document as an Electronic Document from a Web Page Mandatory CRE 2 Format Requirements (applies to both topic choices): · Minimum of 2 and 2 ½, maximum pages in length; 11 point minimum, 12 point maximum, standard business font · Indent the start of all paragraphs one tab from the margin. · Use double spacing throughout but do not “double-double space” between paragraphs · Center a TITLE at top of page; titles always reflect the writer’s thesis statement · Single space your name, date, and section number in right hand corner of the paper’s HEADER (space above the top one inch margin on the page). · Failure to state a thesis, adequately develop your essay with your own ideas, include and document ideas borrowed from the essay you select in MLA format, or meet minimum page requirements can result in significant point reductions and/or the paper’s rejection. · I also reserve the right to make substantial point reductions and or reject ANY CRE 2 ESSAY SUBMISSION that comes back with a match to sources other than ideas from the essay. · To avoid this result, DO NOT GOOGLE OR SEARCH FOR OUTSIDE SOURCES ON THE INTERNET OR BORROW MATERIAL FROM OTHERS. Additional CRE Essay Requirements: (All Finished Essays Must):
  • 17. · Observe the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion Format · Your Introduction paragraph must have a complete thesis statement. · A thesis comes to a specific conclusion about the topic you select and say why the conclusion you come to is important or significant to you. · Have adequately developed paragraphs, meaning you must explain carefully and in detail how, why, or in what way any ideas used supports or helps to establish your thesis position. · Develop the body paragraphs of your essay, using ideas from your own experience. · You must also include and explain how why or in whatever ideas you choose from the essay you select support your thinking. · Summarize the thesis statement in a final conclusion paragraph. · Your final conclusion paragraph should also include a summary of one or two important ideas already discussed in the body · No New ideas appear in the final conclusion paragraph. · Include MLA formatted internal citations for all borrowed ideas and a work cited page entry at the end of your paper. · The only borrowed ideas that are permitted in your CRE 2 Essay response are ideas from the essay you select from the assignment sheet. · Treat the E.B. White essay document as an Electronic Document from a Web Page and the Hughes essay as a printed source when creating the Work Cited page entries for whichever source you select. For Format and MLA Internal Citation and Work Cited Rules: There is a sample Essay Format (DOCUMENT tab) for paragraph and line spacing of your essay. See pp 421-425 in the Steps to Writing Well with Additional Readings textbook for help with internal citation rules and pp 431-440 for the work cited page entry.
  • 18. You can also use the “How to create and place MLA internal citations and work cited entries” worksheet under the DOCUMENT tab. Finally, there are internal citations and work cited MLA web links under the Web Link tab in the course. Points and Submission Details: · CRE 2 is worth 100 possible points and due Sunday, October 6, 2019 at 11:59 PM. · Click on the ASSIGNMENT tab then on the name of the assignment (CRITICAL RESPONSE ESSAY 2) then on browse; when the new window opens, double click on the file from its saved location, and then click on submit to upload. · Note: If you miss the deadline above, the CRE 2 Drop Box stays open until the end of the course: October 16, 2019 at 4 not 11:59 PM for late submissions (minus 10 points). Assignment and Technical Support: · Assignment related questionscome to me via email but, in order to avoid delayed responses, must include your section number B08 so I know where to go in BB to help. This especially includes emails sent from your phone to my personal email: [email protected]. · This assignment is entirely in Blackboard (not Mind Tap) so all technical support questions must be directed to WCCD at Technical Support at 1.866.846.8494. You can also try Live Chat & Help Ticket System: Click on ctrl + link below or cut and paste address in your browser window: http://d2.parature.com/ics/support/default.asp?deptID=3579 Page 2 of 3