history of craft movement

1. Arts and Crafts
Movement

2. Arts and Crafts:
The name "Arts and Crafts" came from the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, set up
in 1887 to show designers' work in a range of materials. The founding members
included Walter Crane, William Morris, and Charles Robert Ashbee
The Arts and Crafts Movement was influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, an
earlier English art group formed in 1848 to restore art to the ‘‘purity’’of Italian art
before Raphael.

3. Members of Arts and
Crafts:
• William Morris
• Walter Crane
• Dante Gabriel Rossetti
• Ford Maddox Brown
• Edward Burne-Jones

4. William Morris
[1834-96]
Morris was an English poet, artist
and socialist reformer, who rejected
to opulence on the Victorian era and
urged a return to medieval traditions
of design, craftsmanship, and
community. He was inspired by the
writings of John Ruskin and
Augustus Pugin who championed
the return of gothic architecture (the
last true architectural movement in
their opinion)

5. William Morris’s Crafts:
Thisisthefirstwalpaperdesignof William Morris(1864)

6. William Morris’s Crafts:
compton
lemonodor
birds

7. William Morris’s Crafts:
jasmine
daisy
acanthus

8. William Morris’s Crafts:

9. Red House
The Red House, situated in the heart of Bexley, designed for William Morris by his architect friend Philip
Webb in 1859, is a seminal Arts and Crafts building. In 1904 the German Scholar Herman Muthesius described
Webb's building as, 'the first private house of the new artistic culture, the first house to be conceived as a whole
inside and out, the very first example in the history of the modern house'. It subsequently entered most of the
written histories of 'modern' architecture. The idea of building the house was conceived by Morris in the summer
of 1858 whilst on an eccentric boating trip in France - rowing down the Seine with his friends Charles Faulkner
and Philip Webb. Today the appeal of the Red House seems stronger than ever.

10. Exterior view of Red House
The entrance; on the north side with the entrance drive swinging past it to the stables and coach house in the north
east corner of the site. Nowadays the house is surrounded by a typical London suburb. Yet behind it's red brick
wall, and enclosed by lime, oak, horse chestnut and hawthorn, with it's birdsong and with it's fruit trees laden with
blossom in the spring, it is still idyllic, like an oasis.

11. Exterior view of Red House
The great barn-like roof dominates the house when seen from the orchard
garden.

12. Interior view of Red House
The dramatic spatial effect of the oak staircase,
looking up to the painted
pattern of the staircase turret ceiling restored by
Ted Hollamby
The settle in the hall with the original
decoration yet to be restored (it was painted
brown during the war) with
'Niebelungenlied' painted scenes by William
Morris.

13. Interior view of Red House
The original dinning room, now used as a
living room, showing Webb's dresser and the
exposed brick fireplace set between windows
overlooking the orchard.
The first floor drawing room which
Morris wished to be "the most
beautiful room in the world". Note the
Burns-Jones/Rossetti wall painting
either side of the settle.

14. Interior views:

15. Walter Crane
[1845-1915]
English painter, designer, and
illustrator; best known for his
illustrations of children's books
in a deliberately archaic style.
Born in Liverpool, he studied
miniature painting and wood
engraving in his youth and was
apprenticed to W.J.Linton. His
paintings and book illustrations
were influenced by the Pre-
Raphaelites and by Japanese
prints.

16. Walter Crane
Works:
Les quatre saisons par
The Capitalist Vampire

17. Neptune’s Horses
Princess Bella

18. Why an Arts and Crafts
Movements?
• that well-designed buildings,
furniture, and household goods
would improve society
• that the material environment
affected the moral fibre of society
• that the ideal was contented workers
making beautiful objects
• and that both design and working
lives had been better in the past
Suddenly in the early 19th century there were
huge factories manufacturing millions of
items, and goods which had formerly been
made by artisans,craftsmen/women, and
artists were now being made without the
help of any of these people.
The factories were criticised for their effects on
the day to day lives of working people
(notably by Friedrich Engels) and for their
effects on the home environment, filled with
goods which were perceived to be devoid of
beauty, devoid of harmony, and just plain
ugly.

19. Arts & Crafts and the
Concept of Industrial
Design
It could be said that the concept of industrial design was born from the Arts and
Crafts Movement. Christopher Dresser has been identified as the father of industrial
design, the principal that mass produced goods could still be well-designed. And
although many of the true Arts and Crafts proponents would have nothing to do with
mass production from factories, their ideas greatly influenced the design standards of
the factories.

20. Examples of craft:
Designedby HarryPowellin
about1895
Made by SidneyBarnsleyin
1923-24
This broochby
Arthurand
Georgie Gaskin
datesfromabout
1911 Designedby Gimsonand
made in the Daneway
workshopin about 1910