refers to the early 19th-century British and American movement to revive handicrafts. The movement was also the inspiration behind the Craftsman and bungalow styles. English reformer William Morris was one of the founders of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the late 1880s.

1. POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR
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C 2329 HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ( SEJARAH SENIBINA MODEN) 2009
The Arts and Crafts Movement was a British
and American aesthetic movement occurring in the last years
of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century.
Inspired by the writings of John Ruskin and a romantic
idealization of the craftsman taking pride in his personal
handiwork, it was at its height between approximately 1880
and 1910.
It was a reformist movement that influenced British and
American architecture, decorative arts, cabinet making, crafts,
and even the "cottage" garden designs of William Robinson or
Gertrude Jekyll. Its best-known practitioners were William
Morris, Charles Robert Ashbee, T. J. Cobden Sanderson,
Walter Crane, Nelson Dawson, Phoebe Anna Traquair, Herbert
Tudor Buckland, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Christopher
Dresser, Edwin Lutyens, William De Morgan, Ernest Gimson,
William Lethaby, Edward Schroeder Prior, Frank Lloyd
Wright, Gustav Stickley, Greene & Greene, Charles Voysey,
Christopher Whall and artists in the Pre-Raphaelite movement.
In the United States, the terms American Craftsman, or
Craftsman style are often used to denote the style of
architecture, interior design, and decorative arts that prevailed
between the dominant eras of Art Nouveau and Art Deco, or
roughly the period from 1910 to 1925.
Art and crafts movement
ARTAND
CRAFTS
MOVEMENT

2. POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR
RAMS
C 2329 HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ( SEJARAH SENIBINA MODEN) 2009
William Morris
WilliamMorris(24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896)
was an English artist, writer, and socialist. He was associated
with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, was one of the principal
founders of the British Arts and Crafts movement, a pioneer of
the socialist movement in Britain, and a writer of poetry,
fiction, and translations from the Icelandic. As a co-founder of
the domestic design firm Morris & Co., Morris was influential
in the resurgence of traditional textile arts in the wake of the
industrial revolution, working across a broad spectrum of
techniques including tapestry weaving, dyeing with natural
dyes, carpet-making, wood-block printing, and embroidery in
the style that became known as art needlework. Today, he is
best known for his floral designs for wallpaper and patterned
fabrics and as the founder of the Kelmscott Press.
Business career
After graduating from Oxford, in January 1856 Morris became
an apprentice to G. E. Street, one of the leading English Gothic
revival architects, where he met another lifelong friend, the
architect Philip Webb. He abandoned architecture for painting,
but soon found himself drawn more and more to the decorative
arts. He and Webb built Red House at Bexleyheath in Kent,
Morris's wedding gift to Jane.
In 1861, he founded the decorative arts firm of Morris,
Marshall, Faulkner & Co. with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward
Burne-Jones, Ford Madox Brown and Philip Webb as partners.
In 1874 Rossetti and Ford Madox Brown decided to leave the
firm, requiring a return on their shares which proved to be a
costly business. Throughout his life, he continued to work in
his own firm, although the firm changed names. Its most
famous incarnation was as Morris and Company. The company
encouraged the revival of traditional crafts such as stained
glass painting, hand embroidery, woodblock-printed textiles
and wallpaper, and dyeing silk and wool with vegetable dyes,
and Morris himself single-handedly recreated the art of tapestry
weaving in Britain. His designs are still sold today under
licences given to Sanderson and Sons and Liberty of London.

3. POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR
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C 2329 HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ( SEJARAH SENIBINA MODEN) 2009
The red
house
Red
House in
Upton,
Bexleyheath
in the
southern
suburbs of
London, England is a key building in the history of the Arts
and Crafts movement and of 19th century British architecture.
It was designed in 1859 by its owner, William Morris, and the
architect Philip Webb, with wall paintings and stained glass by
Edward Burne-Jones. Morris wanted a home for himself and
his new wife, Jane. He also desired to have a "Palace of Art" in
which he and his friends could enjoy producing works of art.
The house is of warm red brick with a steep tiled roof and an
emphasis on natural materials.
The garden is also significant, being an early example of the
idea of a garden as a series of exterior "rooms". Morris wanted
the garden to be an integral part of the house, providing a
seamless experience. The "rooms" consisted of a herb garden, a
vegetable garden, and two rooms full of old-fashioned flowers
— jasmine, lavender, roses, and an abundance of fruit trees —
apple, pear and quince.
The house was designed from the inside instead of starting with
a symmetrical façade. Each room was considered in terms of
its view and light where most rooms faces North. In this house,
local red bricks and tiles were used and timber material was
left natural and untreated
The image of the house was a combination of diverse
architectural elements such as the turrets, Gothic pointed
arches and Georgian windows.
Morris lived with Jane in the house for only five years, during
which time their two daughters, Jenny and May, were born.
Forced to give up the house for financial reasons in 1865,
Morris vowed upon leaving never to return. He said that to see
the house again would be more than he could bear.
The house was lived in as a family home for nearly 150 years.
Yorkshire-born draper Henry Maufe lived here with his wife
Maude from 1903 until his death in 1910, his widow remaining
at the house until 1919. In 1952, Ted and Doris Hollamby
moved into Red House; they, along with the members of two
other families, the Toms and the McDonalds, restored the
house and reinstated many of the original arts and crafts
features.

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C 2329 HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ( SEJARAH SENIBINA MODEN) 2009
The Red House,BexleyHeath,KentUnitedKingdombyPhilip
Webb,London1859