20. Age Older >Younger
Gender Women > Men
Income Richer > Poorer
Education College Degree > HS Graduate
Race and Ethnicity Mixed Evidence
21.
22.
23.
24. SOCIOLOGICALTHEORY
Voting happens in social
context
Partisanship from groups
(family, peers)
Importance of SES and
Religion
PSYCHOLOGICALTHEORY
Voting caused by
individual decisions
Political Socialization
Party ID
PoliticalAttitudes
How are attitudes formed?
Feelings toward Parties
Individual Interests
Domestic/Foreign Policy
25. Voting based on past performance
If you are the incumbent:
Remember great things?
“Are you better off than you were four years ago?”
If you are the challenger:
Remember problems?
“Are you better off than you were four years ago?”
26. Voting based off of future considerations
If you are the incumbent:
Plans for a new term
What will future look like with challenger?
If you are the challenger:
Reject incumbent’s policies
Vote for change
27.
28. Based on costs and benefits
Voting Components:
Probability ofVote Mattering (“P)
Benefits ofVoting (“B”)
Costs ofVoting (“C”)
“Civic Duty” (“D”)
Individuals weigh these items
and make their voting decision