Special Education

2.  any conditions that interferes with
a student’s ability to use his or her
body.
orthopedic
neuromotor
musculoskeletal

3.  Cerebral Palsy
 Muscular Dystrophy
 Spina Bifida
 Spinal Cord Injuries

4. CEREBRAL PALSY
 neurological disorder
resulting in lack of control
of muscles movements.

5. speech
problems
problem
with
hearing
and vision
Learning
disabilities
Having CP
can lead to
other medical
conditions
epilepsy
joint
problems
emotional
and
behavioral
issues

7. CAUSES OF CEREBRAL PALSY
Before birth:
• Failure of a part of the brain to develop,
• blocked blood vessel
• complications during labor
• extreme prematurity
• poor nutrition
• effects of anesthetics or analgesics
Early childhood:
• Head injury, near drowning, poison
ingestion, illness/infection, genetics

8. Difficulty with fine motor tasks, maintaining
balance, and chewing and swallowing
Involuntary movements
Abnormal reflexes
Weak or tight
muscles
Poor coordination
Speech difficulties

9. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
 It is a disease that
weakens the
muscles.
 It is a genetic
disease passed from
mother to son or it
can arise in a young
boy due to a
spontaneous genetic
mutation.

10. Characteristic
Between two and six years
of age:
- Frequent falling;
- Difficulty getting up from
sitting or lying position;
- Waddling gait
- Trouble in running and
jumping
- Walking on toes
- Muscle pain and stiffness
Later on in life:
- Wheelchair by age
12;
- By the late teens or
early 20s, respiratory
and cardiovascular
problems develop and
ultimately result in
death.

11. SPINAL CORD INJURY
 occur when a
traumatic event
results in damage to
cells within the spinal
cord or severs the
nerves that relay
signals up and down
the spinal cord.

12. CAUSES
OF
SPINAL
CORD
INJURY
Car accidents;
Falls;
Diving accidents;
Horse, motorcycle, sporting
event-related accidents
Shotgun wounds;

13. •Varying degrees
of paralysis
•loss of sensation
•loss of reflex
function.
Characteristics

14. SPINA BIFIDA
 is a birth defect where an abnormal opening
in the spinal column results in some degree
of paralysis.
 Spina bifida literally translates to “cleft” or
split spine.

15. Lack of
folic acid in
the mother
during
pregnancy
Heredity
CAUSES OF SPINA BIFIDA

16. CHARACTERISTICS
Muscle weakness
Paralysis
Incontinence
Poor short term memory
Easily distracted
Poor attention, organization, sequencing, time,
generalization, motivation, left-right discrimination,
and coordination.

18. OTHER HEALTH IMPAIRMENT
 disorder resulting in limited strength,
vitality or alertness with respect to the
educational environment
 These students are unable to function
physically and/or academically with peers
of the same age and grade expectancy
level. They require the provision of
specialized instructional services and
modification in order to participate in the
school program.

19. General Characteristics
• Miss school
frequently
• Physical
restrictions
• Inattentiveness
• Other medication
side effects
• Fatigue.
• Coordination
difficulties.
• Muscle weakness.
• Stamina.
• Inability to
concentrate for
long periods of
time

21. A chronic lung disease
characterized by episodic
bouts of wheezing,
coughing and difficulty in
breathing due to the
inflammation of the
airways in the lungs

23. • exposure to an allergen (such as
ragweed, pollen, animal dander or
dust mites)
• irritants in the air (such as smoke,
chemical fumes or strong odors)
• extreme weather conditions
• exercise or an illness —particularly
a respiratory illness or the flu — can
also make you more susceptible.
CAUSES

24. The Warning Signs of an Attack
 A lack of appetite, fatigue, headache, or
coughing often comes before an asthma
attack.
 Dark circles under the eyes and less
tolerance for exercise
 Tightness or pressure in the chest
 shortness of breath
 Wheezing (a high-pitched whistling sound
that occurs when exhaling)
 Coughing, especially at night

25. DIABETES
 a disease in which the body
does not produce or use
insulin properly.

26. frequent urination
excessive thirst
extreme hunger
weight loss
fatigue
irritability, and blurry vision
cuts that are slow to heal

27. A convulsive disorder commonly
known as seizure, a disturbance of
movement, sensation, behavior and/or
consciousness caused by abnormal electrical
activity in the brain.
EPILEPSY

28. SYMPTOMS
• “blackouts” or periods of confused
memory;
• episodes of staring or unexplained
unresponsiveness;
• involuntary movement of arms and legs;
• fainting spells with incontinence or
followed by excessive fatigue;
• odd sounds
• feelings of fear that cannot be explained.

29. Muscles become stiff
Child loses consciousness
Falls to the floor
Body shakes violently as the muscles alternately
contract and relax
Saliva may be forced out of the mouth
Legs and arms may jerk
Bladder and bowels may be emptied
Contractions diminish after 2-5 minutes – the child either goes to
sleep or regains consciousness in a confused or drowsy state

30. HEMOPHILIA
• is a rare, inherited
disorder in which your
blood doesn’t clot
properly

31. SYMPTOMS
• excessive bleeding
• excessive bruising
• easy bleeding
• nose bleeds,
• abnormal menstrual bleeding.
• Bleeding can also be internal, especially in the
knees, ankles, and elbows
• Internal bleeding can cause swelling, pain, and
permanent damage to joints, tissues, and internal
organs may necessitate hospitalization for blood
transfusion.

32. LEAD POISONING
• Illness caused by
ingesting or inhaling
lead
• result in anemia and
damage to many
organs, including the
brain, kidneys, liver,
and gastrointestinal
system.

33. SYMPTOM
S
Irritability
Loss of
appetite
Weight
loss
Sluggish
ness
Abdomi
nal pain
Vomiting
Consti
pation
Unusual
paleness
intellectual
disability
like low IQ

34. LEUKEMIA
• large numbers of abnormal white blood cells
are produced in the bone marrow. Abnormal
white cells crowd the bone marrow and flood
the bloodstream can’t perform their proper
role of protecting the body against disease
because they are defective.

35.  Tiredness or no energy
 Shortness of breath during physical
activity
 Pale skin
 Mild fever or night sweats
 Slow healing of cuts and excess
bleeding
 Black-and-blue marks (bruises) for
no clear reason
 Pinhead-size red spots under the
skin
 Aches in bones or joints (for
example, knees, hips or shoulders)
 Low white cell counts

36. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
• one type of anemia where the hemoglobin is
abnormal and the red blood cells often
become shaped like the letter C, making them
sickle-shaped (like a crescent).

37. •
Anemia
delayed
growth
Episode
s of pain
Vision
Problems
Frequent
infections
Painful
swelling
of hands
and feet

38. TOURETTE SYNDROME
is a neurobiological disorder
characterized by tics (involuntary,
rapid, sudden movements) and/or
vocal outbursts that occur repeatedly.
 2 kinds of tics: motor tics and vocal
tics
 it starts before age 18 – usually the
ages of 5 and 9

39. MOTOR
TICS
• eye blinking
• Head shaking
• Jerking of arms
• Shrugging
VOCAL
TICS
• throat clearing
• grunting
• Coughing