Jewish Population And The United States

Jewish Population And The United States
Jewish Americans individuals are American citizens of either Jewish faith or ethnicity. The Pew
Research Center 2013 survey indicates that the Jewish population, referring only to people whose
religion is Jewish, totals at about 1.8% of the entire U.S. adult population, which is 4.2 million
people ("Chapter 1", 2013). When looking at the Jewish population of the U.S. (through association
of religion or culture) the populace is estimated at between 5.5 and 6 million, making the U.S. the
second largest home to the Jewish population, the first being Israel (Sherwin, n.d.). When comparing
this data to the 1957 Current Population Survey, is it clear that the numbers have indeed risen. The
amount of Jewish adults, by religion, rose about 15% over the last half–century ("Chapter 1", 2013),
while not a drastic number it certainly shows the American Jewish population is surely growing.
This means that as more Jews continue to come to the United States, it is important that we learn to
better understand them and their customs. American Jews are growing and slowly becoming a larger
part of our society; by becoming better informed about the Jewish society and issues, we will be
able to acquire a new perspective on how they live and incorporate themselves into the American
culture. Regardless of the growing frequency of Jewish migrating to the United States, the
community continues to confront the many issues as part of their assimilation. Through this process
of assimilating,
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Similarities Between The Holocaust And The Holocaust
All around us people are being discriminated for what they look or act like, the color of their skin,
religion, and language. During the civil rights movement the citizens of the United States were
fighting over equality.Unfortunately, a few people might have said they didn't want African
Americans in their country and that opinion spread to other people and the world of the African
Americans was completely turned upside down. There is a similar story sorta like the civil rights
movement and it was called the Holocaust. The Holocaust was where at one point the Jewish
religion was considered "racist" and needed to be treated differently from other religions. Although,
the holocaust and the civil rights movement based around two different groups of people and what
happened to those people both talk about discrimination of both groups. In each of these two events
two different groups of people were being targeted as "different." In the holocaust the Jewish people
were called "different"; all because one man thinks that the Jewish religion shouldn't exist everyone
else begins to feel that way. As time went, on this man, Adolf Hitler, may the jews feel nonhuman
and that they have no identity in the world. On the other hand, in the civil rights movement, it was
African Americans who were considered "different." During this time many Americans were
fighting over equality in the United States. many African–Americans were bad and they needed to
be tortured and I didn't need to

Short Note On Emma Lazarus
Emma Lazarus, a nineteenth century Jewish American poet, was born on July 22, 1849 in New York
City. Her parents, Moses and Esther Nathan Lazarus, had seven children. She was the fourth of the
seven to born, with five sisters and one brother. Emma was born into one of the oldest and most
prestigious Hebrew families in New York. The Nathan Lazarus family was descended from the early
Jewish settlers in America. By the time Emma was born, they had been established in Manhattan for
four generations. The Lazarus family, descended from Sephardic Jews, were wealthy, earning their
fortune in the sugar refining business. Being born into a wealthy family provided Emma with the
resources to acquire a strong, rich, and classical education. In 1866, at the age of seventeen, her
poems and translations were first published by her father, who was a very influential man at that
time (Young, 1995). Two years later, she sent her writing to Ralph Waldo Emerson, a respected
American poet and literary essayist and lecturer of the 19th century. He was impressed by her work,
and soon became her mentor, and friend (Young, 1995). During her lifetime, he became a great
resource of guidance and motivation.
Emma Lazarus was a well known author during her lifetime. In 1874, she was recognized as an
author of note (Young, 1995). She published more than 50 poems in popular magazines, such as
Lippincott's, The Century, and The Critic. In 1871, she published a book of poetry called Admetus
and Other

The Jewish State Theodore Herzl Summary
"The Jewish State" by Theodore Herzl was one of the most influential written works of the Zionist
movement. It laid out the facts of the state of Jews: their lives in certain countries, what has to be
done to change the state of the Jews and stated how these changes should be implemented. Herzl's
"The Jewish State" was published in 1896, however, Herzl died in 1904 which prevented him from
physically aiding in creating the Jewish state, but his guidelines led to the knowledge, unity and
creation of Israel as a Jewish state. Herzl stated that the first part of the plan is to obtain land. The
three options were Uganda, Argentina and Palestine. Uganda failed to gain financial support and
interest so that quickly fell out of the mix. Argentina, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think Abraham Lincoln put it best when describing the American Declaration of Independence
during the mid–1800's. He claimed that it was just a rugged war torn document with no relevance at
the time. That applies to "A Jewish State" in the present. There is sort of an ignorance thing where
people don't understand the hardships because they never experienced them for themselves. The
prime example is the 4th of July. Americans celebrate their freedom, but what is freedom? Drinking
alcohol, barbecues and parades? It is something that isn't obvious because they never been under
control of another power (i.e. country or corrupt government) and people can't appreciate what they
don't fully

America 's Moral Codes Of The United States
Ever since the early 17th century, the Jews in Philadelphia have been striving to become an
important part of the American society, while staying true to their roots. Although the Jews faced
exile from their homelands of Portugal and Spain, they were able to build and sustain a strong
Jewish community within Philadelphia and pave the way for future generations through extensive
actions throughout the community. They built hundreds of Jewish schools, Community Centres,
synagogues and established many congregations. They became strongly involved in the American
society and paved the way for many of America's moral codes (Telushkin). There are currently 275,
850 Jews in Philadelphia, making it one of the strongest Jewish communities in the United States
(Levine). By the 15th century, there were many Jews living in Spain and Portugal. They were well
employed and were positively involved with the Spanish government. However, their prosperity
soon came to an end on July 30th, 1492, as the King of Spain ordered the Jews to leave the land, and
"the entire Jewish community, some 200,000 people, were expelled from Spain" (Telushkin). The
Jews split up almost equally, some travelling to Italy and the others travelled Mexico and Brazil by
boat (Morais 7). After spending hundreds of years in South America, Jewish explorers found an
opportunity to leave these countries and travel to the United States for trade. In 1650, many Jews
arrived in New Amsterdam, currently known as New

The Conflict Between Jewish And Arab State
Although Palestine declared independence as an Arab state, it still face obstacles in achieving its
sovereignty. Former Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat planned to officially announce the statehood of
Palestine in 1996 (Quigley). This action received a strong response from Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu. Netanyahu said recognition of Palestinian statehood would nullify the Israeli–
Palestinian agreement. From this notion, Netanyahu threatened to invade Palestinian territories like
the West Bank of Jordan River. The settlements have been a prominent feature in hindering peaceful
treaties. Israel claims that it should have territorial rights to its settlements while Palestine's cannot
negotiate on land that Israel continues to occupy. The tensions between the Jewish and Arab state
continued to grow as Israel expanded Jewish settlements in the West Bank. According to the United
Nations, these settlements are illegal under international law. This violates the Fourth Geneva
Convention which prohibits states to occupy land in a war zone (League). Both sides of the
government have been unable to communicate effectively to determine an agreement to resolve the
territorial dispute. This conflict has expanded over three decades, resulting in hundreds of thousands
of deaths and the suffering of many innocent Jewish and Arab civilians. The support of Palestine
statehood provides a solution that could bring long term peace to the area. Recognition of
Palestinian statehood by

The Jewish Community
For many members of the Jewish community, the nature of their identity has been a question that
has shaped their position in the modern world. Does the term Jew only consider a group of religious
followers? Or does the classification of Jew have much broader nationalistic implications? The Jews
of the Habsburg Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries, and more specifically in the crown land
of Galicia, began to reexamine their political identities. As German Liberalism grew in popularity
some members of the Galician Jewry began to see Jews, not only as a religious group, but as a
nationality in its own right. These ideas stemmed from the reformist policies of Joesph II,
Enlightenment ideals, and a brief revolutionary period. It was ... Show more content on
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Upon its annexation into the Habsburg Empire, Galicia had a Jewish population of 215,477. Jewish
Historian William O. McCagg Jr. asserts that in 1785, Jews made up nearly nine percent of the
Galician population, and nearly seven–teen percent of the Capitol region of Lwów. Galicia's Jewish
population surged after years of Jewish expulsion across the Empire. Many exiled Jews migrated to
Galicia from Germany and Vienna. These past expulsions left large portions of the Galician
population with a sense of loss. They had no true home, and were not fully welcomed in Galicia.
They did not speak the same language as their Polish counterparts, and lived in small isolated
communities. This disenfranchisement would later lead to their larger identity crisis and to the surge
of Jewish Nationalism. Another critical factor that would push the Galician Jews down the road to
Nationalism was the Habsburg State's legislative response to the Jewish presence in the crown land.
This facet of the Jewish question is more convoluted, and will take a more in–depth examination in
order to fully understand both the motives of the Habsburg State and its subsequent effect on the
Jewish people. The Monarchy of the Habsburg Empire implemented a series of reformative policies
that would push the Galician Jews to assimilate with the secular population. This was done in an
attempt to strengthen the Empire's economy, by better harnessing the Jewish

The German Schools
Continuing on the thought of education, April 1933 Jewish teachers were soon told to leave the
German schools and universities after the Enabling Act was soon passed. The Jewish population of
students at those universities dropped to the lowest 1 percent to resemble to the amount of Jews in
Germany, and this was all in the same year. For 5 years everything lasted at that standard until 1938
hit. When 1938 hit, every Jewish child was soon banned from attending the German schools
officially, no matter their status of where they were in that school. Judgment and segregation in the
educational system and society as a whole was steady. Germany made it to where education was
where the Nazis' can basically display and endorse their racial policies.
Many teachers began to act as if the political changes to standard were never changed. The ones
who did support the Nazis decision were soon converted to Nazism and began to undergo a new
daily life and routine. For the small percentage of 32 percent who were teachers and were brought to
the Nazi Party to be a member would wear their uniform to school and teach in it. When teachers
finally decided to develop their support system for the Party in the classrooms, the whole vibe had
changed within the students.
"The teacher would enter the classroom and welcome the group with a 'Hitler salute', shouting "Heil
Hitler!" Students would have to respond in the same manner, often eight times each day – at the start
and end of the day, in

The Creation Of The Jewish State As Part Of Palestine
Israel is a small country in southwestern Asia that was founded in 1948 as a sanctuary for Jews from
all parts of the world. Israel lies along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and is bordered by
Syria and Lebanon to the north, Egypt to the southwest, and Jordan to the east. Jerusalem is the
capitol and the largest city in Israel. It is considered by many faiths to be the holiest city in the
world. A lot of people think that United Nations were the one who gave birth to Israel, however in
reality the United Nations General Assembly recommended the creation of the Jewish state as part
of Palestine. Many events in the Jewish history gave purpose to create Israel. The most important
were Zionism and Holocaust, as well as end of the Second World War, where French and British
have their influence on Arab world. Genocide of the European Jews was at the horror point and led
to the demand for the Jewish State. The process of the creation of Israel started with the Zionism
movement that was happening in 1897 and ended in May of 1948. Theodor Herzl was the founder of
political Zionism movement. He published a book called "The Jewish State" where he was
describing modern society, in which Jewish people would be able to live in peace. Later on,
Congress proposed the idea to establish home for Jewish people in Palestine, it was promised under
the international law.
Establishment of the Jewish community happened and developed rapidly in the 1920's. One of the
big movements was

Jewish Massacre In Russian Pogroms
In 1881 a Jewish massacre occurred in Russia known as the pogroms, which is an organized
massacre of a culture group. The start of the pogroms was after Tsar Alexander II, the ruler of
Russia, was killed in 1881 and it was suspected that the murderer was a Jewish man. (Antin 72) For
Russia to get back, they placed all the blame on the Jewish people and the only way to get revenge
was to kill each and every person who identified with the Jewish religion. In this paper my goal is to
explain what the pogroms are, the major events that occurred in this time period, and what was
learned from this time in history. As Karl Max said, "History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second
as a farce. The Jewish populations in Russian society were always ... Show more content on
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(Doyle Pogroms of 1881) The plan to solve this issue was to use propaganda showing how bad the
Jews were and why they needed to be eliminated. The government's use of propaganda backfired as
violence arose. One example of this, is in Yelizavetgrad City. The rioting became so out of control
that the army had to get involved to break up the fighting. (Doyle Pogroms of 1881) While, the
Russians believed that using military force would stop the people and calm them down just the
opposite had occurred. People began becoming more violent and more people joined in the rioting.
This was seen ten days later in the city of Kiev, an attack that lasted for over three years. (Modern
Jewish History) In this three–year time span over 250 attacks occurred around Russia and the
citizens of Russia followed the government's lead as they were adjusting to their new government.
(Parkansky 32) To revenge his brother's death Tsar Alexander III decided to pass harsher laws on the
Jews. This is when he passed the May Laws in 1882. The May Laws took almost all rights away
from the Jewish people. Some of the laws were that only ten percent of Jewish students could attend
college, Jews could not trade on Sundays, and they also had to move away from their local villages
and towns. (Joyce 19th Century Russian Pogroms) The overall plan Alexander III had failed as over
two million Jews left Russia to go to America and the two thirds of the population that stayed in
Russia were very influential to taking down Czarist

Analysis Of Anna Deavere Smith's 'Fires In The Mirror'
"My sense is that American character lives not in one place or the other, but in the gaps between the
places, and in our struggle to be together in our differences," (Anna Deavere Smith). Anna Deavere
Smith in her play, Fires in the Mirror, takes two different cultural communities and interviews their
standpoint of the conflict at hand. The underlying racism present in this community is soon brewed
into a pandemonium once the death of both a Black and Jewish individual take place. Fires in the
Mirror is a social drama that presents a breach as several Jewish males accidentally kill a young
Black boy in a car accident. Due to this incident, it causes a crisis within the community as a Jewish
man is later murdered by Black males to pursue revenge for the cause of this breach. With a social
drama following the guideline to find a redressive action to limit the spread of the breach, Smith in
her interviews portrays that this community fails to do so. Because of this, the reintegration becomes
an irreparable breach between the two. Consequently, due to the social clash between the Black and
Jewish communities, the city of Crown Heights becomes socially segregated. Individuals
interviewed in this play are heavily indulged in looking at what segregates them from one another
that it leads to individuals pointing fault or playing victim, which inevitably will never lead to a
resolution to this social crisis. Individuals that have been interviewed have focused their energy on
what segregates themselves from one another that it restrains them from foreseeing a solution to the
social crisis among their community. A major conflict brought up throughout multiple interviews
was the scene where the accident happened. Multiple interviews have their own perspective of the
situation as well as their opinion about the different ambulances that arrives in the scene.Rabbi
Joseph Speilman in "No Blood in His Feet" explains, "The Jewish community has a volunteer
ambulance corps which is funded totally from the nations...The EMS responded with three
ambulances on the scene. They were there before the Jewish ambulance came" (69). This explain
shows how in a city where the citizens are under one government, when a tragic

Visiting The Adas Israel Congregation
Worship Site Paper
While being home for Thanksgiving break, I had the opportunity of visiting the Adas Israel
Congregation in Washington D.C.. The congregation is a form of Reform Judaism. An old high
school friend invited me to the morning Shabbat service, which was a delight. I attended the Shabbat
service on November 28th and it was a wonderful experience because the synagogue reached
capacity. This was due to the high volume of Jewish students who returned home from college for
Thanksgiving break. The congregation welcomed be with open arms, as if I had been a part of the
congregation since the beginning of my life. Social Location On my visit to Adas Israel, I felt safe
and welcomed into the Jewish community, even though I am not Jewish myself. Although, being
with my Jewish friend may have caused me to not stand out as much, opposed to if I had attended
morning prayers alone. Although African Americans comprise certain forms Judaism, majority of
them are Black Hebrew Israelites (also called Black Hebrews). Black Hebrews do follow and
participate in Jewish rituals. However, they are not considered by the Jewish community as being
"Jewish", unless they have undergone conversion by an official sector of Judaism. While majority of
congregation members carried on throughout the service as if I didn't exist, a few still seemed
skeptical of my participation and presence in their sacred

Holocaust : The Role Of Wealth And Nationality
Marnix Croes ' groundbreaking study entitled, "Holocaust Survival Differentials in the Netherlands,
1942–1945: The Role of Wealth and Nationality" thoroughly entails the brutal persecution of
roughly 140,000 Jews in the Netherlands during the Germans ' attempt to kill a majority of the
Jewish population throughout Europe. Marnix Croes is a researcher at the Ministry of Justice in the
Netherlands. He frequently writes about the genocide that took place back in the early 1940s.
This article discusses how wealth and nationality played a key role in withstanding the persecution
from Germans for an extended period during the Holocaust era as opposed to a traditional Jew. The
two elements were essential for the Nazi in deciding when and where the Jews would be sent to
meet their excruciating death. However, those of the highest socioeconomic status were ironically
sent to camp Wester Bork transit camp after the Jews of the lowest socioeconomic status. This
analysis goes against the usual assumption that having a higher social status would provide a chance
to survive at a better rate. Evasion through hiding was also a route Jews could embark on in that
would allow a better chance of survival. However, this article presents statistical evidence that
shows a survival rate similar for those who chose to the hideout and for those who did not. The
deportation of the Jews to Westerbork was often evaded through the obtainment of an exemption.
These exemptions meant nothing because they

Richard Wagner : The Genius Of The Human Psyche
Carl Gustav Young the founder of analytical psychology once said, "Everything that irritates us
about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves." This might take a while to fully fathom
but such is the genius of Jung. What he was getting at, although expressed with impressive brevity,
was that a person despises the behavior of other people because it is a behavior they hate in
themselves. This is powerful to think about because it demonstrates that most of our annoyances
with other people are actually subconscious annoyances with ourselves; our disdain with others is a
constant reminder of how we might be falling short of what we would like to be. Without a doubt,
Jung was brilliant, and the amount of time spent he analyzing the ... Show more content on
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Throughout the essay, Wagner makes it his goal to define what it is about the "Jewish nature" that is
inherently repulsive. This quote informs his readers that they should fight the guilt of their
consciouses with their "natural" disgust of the Jewish people. These two objects were tied closely
together because as Wagner starts to box in what the Jewish race is, he does not want his audience to
feel any sympathy for them; Wagner stages the Jews as a lost cause. First off, He claims the nature
of the Jew is something understood and disliked on a subconscious level by "the people," and that
this disdain for the Jews can be seen throughout religion and politics in addition to music. Within the
first several paragraphs of the article, Wagner condemns Jewish nature as something disapproved of
by the general populous instinctively and that Jewishness pervades all aspects of society,
establishing ground for his ultimate position throughout the essay: the Jews are a race and therefore
irredeemable. Wagner then goes on to ostensibly sympathize with the Jews, describing the adversity
the adversity they faced and the emancipation attempts made by the Christians: "We strove for
emancipation of the Jews, however, we virtually were more the champions of an abstract principle,
than a concrete case". While Wagner seems sympathetic at first, he describes the case for emaciation
as abstract, actually meaning that it cannot be

Yom Kipur Analysis
Jews and prayer for Yom Kippur, 1940 Warsaw
The main motive of this photograph is essentially a global history of the Jewish people. It is very
specific, sad and instructive. In order to properly clarify this picture, we have to start from the
beginning, shed light on the history of the Jewish people, and pay particular attention to the dark
times during the Holocaust, and particularly refer to the Jewish understanding of the holiday. Jewish
history tells us about how the Jewish people lived from the time when they appeared up to the
present day. The nation is like a big family, and a large family can be compared to a tree. This is the
way that the Jewish people formed. It exists for more than three thousand years. They used to have
their own country called Eretz Yisrael, in which the whole people spoke ... Show more content on
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If Yom Kippur had remained only as a holiday when the priest prays for forgiveness for the sins of
the people, it would never have survived the destruction of the Temple. However, as it was already
going through a long evolution, people have increasingly participated in the ceremonies, so the
holiday became more important. Shortly before the destruction of the Temple, Yom Kippur was a
great day for Jews all over the world. This memorial was preserved after the devastation, but the
great priest was no longer serving as an intermediary between man and God. Jews were directly
addressing prayers and confessions to God, but have not forgotten the rituals of the Temple of
Jerusalem. A special prayer (Seder aavoda), describes in detail the great priests rite, with his
confession, the order of sacrifices, and the way in which the priest and the people bow down to the
ground when the Kohen Gadol mentions the prohibited God's name. This is most likely the prayer
shown it the

The Study of Hebrew Diaspora
As a classic example of diaspora, the Hebrew Diaspora is studied and questioned by many. Both the
causes of and the consequences of the Hebrew Diaspora are two aspects of the event that, for most,
have yet to be sufficiently answered. Having occurred many centuries ago in the past, the causes and
consequences of the diaspora may seem to be of no importance, yet at second glance, one realizes
that addressing these topics may be the key to accurately determining the modern effects of diaspora
in general. However, before these two areas of concern can be addressed, we must first define the
term "diaspora" as well as identify a working definition of a Jew. In Greek, "diaspora" means
scattering or dispersion. (Jewishvirtuallibrary, pg1) Despite the fact that one can become a Jew
through conversion to Judaism, for the sake of this essay, we shall identify a Jew as a descendent of
the ancient Hebrews. Therefore, by combining these two definitions, we can define the Hebrew
Diaspora as the dispersion of the Jewish peoples from their homeland. Now that we have defined the
Hebrew diaspora, we can efficiently pinpoint its causes and consequences, both direct and
underlying, and hopefully identify the modern consequences of diaspora through analysis of this
classic example. About four millenniums ago, Jewish history began with its patriarchs: Abraham,
son Isaac, and grandson Jacob. As described in the Book of Genesis, Abraham was summoned to
Canaan to become the founder of a

Jewish Migration And The Holocaust
While researching texts written about Jewish Diaspora, I came across many documentary
publications on Holocaust. This tragic part of Jewish history is very well documented as opposite to
the Jewish Migration. I found few authors who published articles and books on Impacts of the
Holocaust on Jewish Migration. My goal in this research paper is to explore the topic of Jewish
Migration by connecting it to the Holocaust. To achieve this goal, I have organized my paper in the
chronological order. I have tried to analyse reasons and barriers of the Migration of Jewish during
the ten year period. It starts with Hitler coming to power and ends with establishment of the State of
Israel. In my conclusion I tried to understand how modern world responds to Holocaust. The
Holocaust is one of the most tragic pages in the history of mankind and one of the greatest tragedies
of the Jewish people "many children of survivors, who experienced their parents' silence and
avoidance of discussing the past and their family's fate, felt this as a personal threat" (Dalia Ofer10).
Holocaust was a cold–blooded and pre deliberate decision to destroy a nation. It was estimated that
during the Holocaust about 60% of the total Jewish population of Europe was destroyed according
to official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is not possible to establish the exact number
of victims among the Jewish people due to the lack of reliable data on the extent of the genocide
("Refugees."). Jews were

Marc Chagall 's ' Over Vitebsk '
Jasmine Walthall Erik Day Art Appreciation 22 April 2015 Marc Chagall's Over Vitebsk Most artist
art work reflects the artist's inner self, their feelings and thoughts about the world around them. Art
is a way for artists to let whatever is in, out. It is also a way for them to show his or her inner
thoughts and feelings about something to the rest of the world. Whether it be Upton Sinclair
showing the world the nastiness of the meat packing industry and the struggles of the low class
immigrants of America through his book The Jungle or how Taylor Swift express all of her
heartbreak in every song she has recorded, art serves the purpose of conveying the artist's thoughts
and emotions. Marc Chagall's painting is no different than any other artist. He is expressing his
feelings through a work of art. Over Vitebsk gives us a look into his thoughts and inner most
feelings. He expresses his thought and feeling about being Jewish and how Jewish people were
treated in his society at this time period. His painting and better and holds more meaning then Taylor
Swift but she was one of the first people to come to mind. His painting, Over Vitebsk, allows us, the
viewers, to interpret and try to understand these thoughts and feelings, to attempt to see what he
intended us to see, and allows us a glimpse into his inner self. Over Vitebsk concentrates on the
subject matter of the Jewish community and how they were viewed in society. By painting the
image of a floating Jewish man in

The Horrible And Gruesome Events Of The Holocaust
The author of Night, a novel documenting the horrible and gruesome events of the holocaust, Elie
Wiesel expresses his experiences and observations in which he and his fellow Jews were
dehumanized while living in concentration camps (a hell on earth). All Jews, as a race were
brutalized by the Nazis during this time; reducing them to no less than objects, positions which
meant nothing to them, belongings that were a nuisance. Nazis would gather every Jew that they
could find and bring them to these infernos, separating the men and women. Families, not knowing
it would never see each other again. Individuals within the categories were divided even more,
based on their health, strength, and age. They would be judged by a Nazi officer, which would then
decide their fate, if they would have the opportunity to live or if they would be sentenced strait to
execution. In these camps, babies became target practice, being tossed in the air like an object with
no significant value and shot at with no remorse. The more mature could be sentenced to execution,
tossed into pits of fire while fully conscious burning them alive. In addition, the ones who passed
inspection received treatment as if they were slaves and dogs, making them follow any command,
any disobeying of these demands would consequence them to be shot without hesitation. These
dehumanizing crimes were the punishments forced on the Jewish race by the Nazi influence, turning
Jewish nationality into a nuisance against what they

The Confederate Flag Controversy Of Police Brutality
In modern times, the United States is bombarded with racism and discrimination. From the
confederate flag controversy to police brutality, the United States is reflecting a morbid past. Events
such as these are fueled by false understandings of race and ethnicity; leading to stereotypes. For the
Irish, Jews, and Italians, stereotypes led to severe discrimination from opportunities and isolation
from society.
Stereotypes in the past had a significant impact on the Irish people. Stereotypes such as the religion
of the Irish: Catholicism. Catholicism brought new holidays: Ash Wednesday and lent. English–
raised Americans were scared of these. Leading to the names "vampire" and baby killer" for the
Irish's belief of wine and bread to represent Jesus Christ: Transubstantiation. Then, the Irish were
compared to apes and equivalent to the blacks in the South. Irish were now seen as inferior to those
of English–decent. Not only were the women unmarried, all the men were young and single. It was
assumed any single woman staying in a tenement was sleeping with all the men. Leading to names
"Bridget" and "Paddy" being derogatory for the Irish women and man. Whereas in reality, they were
street smart and independent. Traditions were twisted into stereotypes, such as the Irish's "pub–
culture." The men would drink before and after work in order to relax themselves for the day, but
was depicted as alcoholism. The Irish people were able to fight the stereotypes, but the
discrimination made

Israel And The Holocaust
The history of the State of Israel and the Holocaust strongly correlate with each other. For one to
understand the State of Israel, one must look at in it relation to the Holocaust because Israel uses
defence techniques that it would not feel necessary if not for the Holocaust, the Holocaust has
changed the Jewish faith, and the Holocaust has caused issues with the overall view of the Jews.
Israel has used tactics to defend itself, and to get the international "right to exist". Israel has used
security tactics to feel safe, but these tactics are endangering the civil and human rights of the
citizens of Israel. "...No country has a recognized God–given or otherwise right to exist, only
responsibilities under international law and moral responsibilities..." ... Show more content on
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The Holocaust is a very important event in Jewish history, because it really did change a lot about
the Jews and how they are seen

Dbq Jewish Immigration
From 1880–1924, in order to escape persecution from Alexander the II's reign and anti–Semitism,
Russian Jews emigrated to America to escape a wave of religious persecution, a chance at a new life
spurred on by the economic turmoil caused by industrialization, and for economic reasons. They
arrived during, "The New Immigration" the wave of immigration that lasted from 1880–1924. A vast
majority of the Jews settled on the East coast in places such as Manhattan, Boston, and Philadelphia.
They also settled in other larger more industrialized and urbanized cities such as Chicago, Seattle
and Detroit. The jobs Russian Jews held were mostly low skilled trades such as tailors and butchers
or even worked in the early sweatshops.
REASONS THEY CAME ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They held various jobs such as butchers, bankers, tailors, and factory workers in sweatshops. In
addition to those jobs, they also were "blacksmiths, bakers and weavers" Russians were employed at
the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, where a fire in 1911 killed 146 mostly Jewish and Italian immigrant
workers, the exact amount of Russian–Jewish immigrants that died in the Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory is unknown. Due to the Russian's religion, factory owners were not likely to hire Russians
because they would not work on the Jewish Sabbath (From Sundown on Friday to Sun up on
Sunday). Epstein noted that, "By 1900, about 200,000 Jews were in the garment industry on the
Lower East Side." Not only did men and women work– a vast majority of children had to give up
attending school to work or help with the family business, in order to make enough money to just
get by. In Michigan, Russian Jews were em9ployed in various fields, such as Medicine, Lumber,
Mining and being

Abrahamic Religion: Judaism
Judaism is one of the three Abrahamic religions that started 3,500 years ago in southern
Mesopotamia. According to Tracey R. Rich, it all started when God asked Abraham to leave his
home and, travel to a new place. Rich also said, although, many people say Moses was the founder
of the religion but, traced back to Abraham. Jews are monotheistic, which means that they believe
only in God and that they should worship him for all that he has done for them. Judaism was spread
through trade and traveling. Judaism can be defined in many ways with its many different traditions
and beliefs. There has to be a founder of everything and for Judaism, its Abram, and later named
Abraham. As stated before, God told Abraham that he would be a leader of great people and he just
had to do what God said. He had to travel through the Canaan, between the River Jordan and the
Mediterranean, and the Nile Delta when he accepted God's offer. (Graham 13). Abraham was the
first to teach his followers about believing in only one god. He is very important in two other
religions; Christianity and Islam.
Moses was also an important figure because he lead the Jews during a devastating time. Graham
says that, God reaches out to Moses, telling him to go to Egypt where the Israelites were held as
slaves. (14). Moses helped them escape into a "Promise Land". Moses climbs up a mountain to
receive the Ten Commandments as laws by God to have the Israelites follow and live by.
People from all around the world

Zionism and Non Zionists Essays
Zionism declares that "the Jews are more than a purely religious body, they are not only a race but
also a nation" (Berkowitz 376). Theodor Herzl, the father of political Zionism, states, "We are a
people– one people." Both Herzl and Berkowitz have interesting key points about a Jewish State, the
Jewish religion in general, and how to solve current issues in the religion. A State is formed by a
social contract and is still being created today. Rousseau states, "The conditions of this contract are
so precisely defined by the nature of the agreement that the slightest alterations would make them
null and void. The consequence is that, even where they are not expressly stated, they are
everywhere identical, and everywhere tacitly accepted and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This fact proves that all Jews should and will stand together to solve and work out the problems
such as poor treatment and portrayal. Herzl emphasizes, "It is true that the Jewish State is conceived
as a peculiarly modern structure on unspecified territory. But a State is formed, not by pieces of
land, but rather by a number of men united under sovereign rule." For example, the portrayal of
Jews from a non–Zionist is much different from Zionists. "It is an egregious and fatal error of the
Zionists that they accept the misery of Israel as permanent, his wretchedness as hopeless"
(Berkowitz 372). Although forming a State or declaring an important religion can be difficult, there
are many other risks such as, land disputes, current communities moving to a new land, views of
merging with other countries, past and future suffering, and the most important, the emphasis on
religion or nation. The first step to becoming a respected religious State is forming a society of Jews
to perform scientific and political tasks. Second, Christians and current citizens of the State would
be forced to move and find new land, like in times of war or destroyed land. Herzl does point out
that if the Jewish State had help from the Christians it would become a "peaceable voluntary
departure of colonists." Third, the Jews have attempted to merge many places in the social life of
other countries and to prefer faith of

Elie Wiesel Reflection
"Night" by Elie Wiesel is a historical masterpiece regarding a devastating era known as the
Holocaust in the 19th century. This first–person narrated book describes tragic events surrounding
the death of over 6 million Jewish people by the German people who were led by Adolf Hitler. The
author, Elie Wiesel describes his journey and survival during this time. The events he describes with
such vulnerability will tug at your heartstrings and make it feel as though it was a first hand
experience.
Wiesel's main purpose of this book was to be the "bear witness." With his own words, Wiesel said he
knew The Holocaust would "be judged one day", therefore he took matters into his own hands to
describe his torturous experience. One could not simply be silent when an event like this has taken
place. After "Night" was published, the book has strewed across the globe to acknowledge the
importance and impact of the Holocaust. According to Wikipedia, "By 1997 "Night" selling 300,000
copies a year in the United States. By 2011 it had sold six million copies in the country, and was
available in 30 languages. Sales increased in January 2006 when it was chosen for Oprah's Book
Club." Wiesel purpose for this book, as he said, was to be the "bear witness", and help spread
awareness of the Holocaust. In 1986 Elie Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for Night. Did
Wiesel accomplish his purpose? Accomplish is a understatement. Wiesel went above and beyond.
He touched the hearts of millions

Jewish Immigration And The United States
Throughout the 1800s and early 19th century, Jews continually emigrated from Europe to America.
The most recent and significant episode of Jewish immigration to the United States was motivated
by fear of the fascist Nazi regime that was quickly expanding throughout Europe. Jews fled to
America and dispersed throughout cities and communities, escaping anti–Semitism and exploitation.
America's respect for equality and individual freedom allowed Jews to freely practice their faith,
without fear of being persecuted. The United States government holds the Constitution in high
esteem–the Modern Hebrew word for the United States is "Artzot haBrit" which literally means
"The Lands of the Covenant." This serves as evidence that America places the written law above all
individuals, and requires that everyone respect the individual rights of all other citizens. The
connection between the Torah and the Constitution is an important factor that helped Jews assimilate
to America. The Hebrew word "Brit" translates to the English word covenant, and was the term used
for "circumcision" in the Torah when a covenant was created between God and the descendants of
Abraham and Isaac. Jews have always elevated the Torah, as Americans have elevated the
Constitution as the ultimate arbiter of conflicts, both moral and political. Rather than a president or a
religious leader being acknowledged as the sole source of state power, the written law has provided
the guidelines that must be

An Example Of The Jewish Experience Of Modernity
Conor Murphy
Dr. Clasby
HIST273
April 9, 2017
Argumentative Paper #3
Wengeroff's life is an example of the Jewish experience of modernity in that it shows the way
Jewish life throughout Europe has changed over time. Unlike her ancestors, Pauline Wengeroff is
able to have an actual life that isn't dominated by constantly living in fear and she is able to have
some semblance of familiar ties and an identity. The modern period in Europe began around the 16th
century. This was around the time when Catherine the Great took power in Russia, marking the
beginning of modernity by allowing some degree of tolerance rather than the anger and despair that
had come before. Through her actions, Jews were able to live their lives without being ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Jewish people were allowed to speak Yiddish in Poland and the language was
respected and regarded as a real language, as opposed to Germans who regarded Yiddish as a
nonsense language. German Jews did not like the fact that the texts written by their ancestors were
translated into German, but they had no choice but to adapt.
Napoleons policies were a continuation of the ideals and principles that the French Revolution was
built on. His policies and decisions were extremely beneficial for the Jewish people because his
policies for the Jewish community in France and the Empire promoted their assimilation into
France. The French revolution liberated the Jews but did not probably integrate into the country.
Napoleon then took up policies and saw what assimilation could be beneficial and through the
Jewish community in France became Europe's most assimilated during the
1800s. He gave them government protection and allowed to practice freely and openly and even
wanted to give them their state in 1799 when he went to Palestine. After he became Emperor though
he did recent some of the rights and converted a Sanhedrin against the wishes of the
Jewish people. The tsarist policy was mostly a good thing for the Jews. After the partition of
Poland, which was concluded in 1795, Poland itself was divided up between Russia, Austria, and
Prussia. Each section would have its own way of developing

The Jewish Community
The Jewish community is Kalisz, Poland, was heralded as both the oldest Jewish community and the
most populous, numbering at 15,300 Jews in 1939, or 30% of the total Jewish population
worldwide. As a result of the Second World War, this no community no longer exists ("Jewish
Community"). The catastrophic affects of the Holocaust and this war on the Jewish community is
virtually uncontested today, however the exact toll it had is difficult to ascertain; exact statistics of
the camps and of the exoduses out of Europe that took place are varied and not agreed upon. What
can be examined are the affects on the Jewish community itself, from accounts of both before and
after the war. Through research and careful consideration of Isaac Singer's The Son From America,
the havoc that World War II wreaked upon the Jewish society, specifically in Poland, is palpable.
From the turn of the century through World War II, life in Poland's Jewish communities was fraught
with conflict and persecution. During the late nineteenth century, there was a massive wage of
Jewish emigration to the United States, particularly from Poland. The Russian czars had enacted
various inhumane laws, which segregated the Jews of Eastern Europe into ghettos and shtetls, small
communities with deplorable conditions. Then, in 1881, the czar was assassinated, and the Jewish
community was scapegoated for the crime, resulting in a wave of pogroms that resulted in numerous
massacres ("A People at Risk"). It was this

Literature And Songs Of Hebrew Literature
The people in mid–19th century, up until the beginning of 20th century, before the British .helped to
declare Israel a state; around Eastern Europe, the idea of "nationality" began to appear. Up until
now, Jewish people hadn't established a foundation that provided them with security; there was no
real place they could call "home." Because they didn't have a place that was their own, other nations
around the world didn't view them as a nation, they were seen as individuals. Around this time, anti–
Semitism began to emerge, it was time for the Jewish people to come together as one and let go of
their past and that desire drove them to a pivotal point in Jewish history. By analyzing different
pieces of Hebrew literature and songs that were written during this time in history, the evidence
shows that the definition of "Jew" changed and Jewish people started to look at themselves
differently and gained confidence to be a nation and not an individual. Avraham Shlonsky wrote a
poem titled "Tiller of the Soil" characterizes and defines the Jew and his/her hard work for the land
and their passion for it. The way Shlonsky uses the words and play on words emphasizes the point
of a hard working Jew. One of the lines that Shlonsky states is, "Never before was the distance so
small, Between man, And camel, And sky." This statement that he makes illustrates how the people
are united with the land and their God, it also expresses the feeling they've always hoped and prayed
for. Shlonsky

Essay on The Jewish Partisans of The Holocaust
Resistance during the Holocaust, both Jewish and non–Jewish, is a daunting task to cover.
Information abounds in relation to this which leads to the problem of putting all of it into one paper.
Due to this, I will only cover the specifically Jewish Partisan fighters. The movements are divided
into two groups of Eastern and Western Fighters. Partisans fought in almost every European country
including but not limited to Belgium, Poland, Russia, France, Italy, Greece, and Lithuania. "A
partisan is a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially
within occupied territory; a guerrilla." The Jewish partisans were mostly teenagers, both male and
female, of which ten percent were women, but also included all ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They helped distribute anti–Nazi propaganda and produced fake documents, fought in major battles
against the Germans, and smuggled people, arms, money, and food in and out of camps, ghettos, and
German occupied territories. Their main objective though was to harass the Nazis in hit–and–run
maneuvers. They did this by blowing up trains, assassinating major Nazi officials, and hitting Nazi
convoys. They also helped start major uprisings such as the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and the Sobibor
revolt. Partisan casualties were usually low in number due to the method of fighting used. They
were also successful due in part to the fact that they knew the lay of the land, where German soldiers
did not. A basic timeline of Partisan activities follows something close to the following. The first
known Jewish resistance was in Belgium in 1939 with the Jewish Solidarity. These Jews joined the
Belgium Army of Partisans in 1940 when Germany first started occupying Belgium. The resistance
movement grew even larger when French and Greek Jews joined resistance movements in 1940 and
'41, respectively. The Eastern partisan groups sprang up beginning in June of '41 after the Germans
invaded the Soviet Union. The partisans continued to fight right up to the end of the war in '45. As I
mentioned at the beginning, Jewish partisans are placed into two categories: Eastern and Western.
There was no major resistance in Germany, due to the fact that everything was highly scrutinized by
Hitler's

Anti Semitism And The Jewish State Essay
#1. Anti–Semitism is the discrimination against Jewish people as individuals and as a group. (A
Brief History of Anti–Semitism) People may think that anti–Semitism began with Adolf Hitler but
they are mistaken. There is so much evidence of anti–Semitism as far back as the ancient world.
(History.com, n.d.) There are three examples of anti–Semitism in Europe prior to World War One
that I will discuss. The first example of anti–Semitism in Europe prior to World War One is when a
new anti–Judaism evolved after the advent of Christianity. (History.com, n.d.) When the Rome
economy went to shit they established Pogroms. The pogroms attacked Jewish people. The Romans
destroyed the Jewish State. (A Brief History of Anti–Semitism) They destroyed the Jewish temple in
Jerusalem and forced Jews to leave Palestine. (History.com, n.d.) The second example of anti–
Semitism in Europe prior to World War One is during the Middle Ages when "a new pattern of
institutionalized discrimination against Jews occurred". (A Brief History of Anti–Semitism) Jewish
people were forbidden to marry Christians and they couldn't hold positions in the government. (A
Brief History of Anti–Semitism) The pope had called for pogroms against Jewish people. It was said
that Jewish people killed Jesus. There were plays called Passion Plays which showed Jewish people
in a horrible light. It was said that Jewish people would grow horns in the middle of the night, they
were shapeshifters, and that they ate Christian

Early Jewish Migration to Maryland
The Early Waves of Jewish Migration to Maryland
Introduction:
The state of Maryland is current home to over 235,000 self–identified Jewish residents, making up
over 4% of the total state population (JDB, 159). Today, Jewish
Marylanders live in an open, welcoming environment, but this was not always the case.
When the first Jewish settlers landed in St. Mary's City, political equality was only a hope for the
distant future. The first wave of Jewish migration to Maryland was marked by a trend of percolation
rather then influx migration. Jews in the area practiced a quiet observance rather then an open
profession of faith. After the Revolutionary War, urbanization increased and wave two of Jewish
migration began. But it wasn't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was also overheard saying that all miracles attributed to Jesus were preformed by magic.
Lumbrozo was quickly arrested and sent to jail. He remained in jail until he was freed many years
latter in a general pardon (Stern, 292).
Even though suffrage was a right granted to all white males nationally, Jewish men in Maryland
could not vote until the early 1800's. The same could be said for the right to hold state office. The
Act of 1715 required that the oath of abjuration was added to the end of all oaths of state office. The
words "upon the truth faith of a Christian" were administered to all people currently in state office or
who were thereafter sworn into state office (Rabinove, 137). This officially excluded any Jewish
person from holding a state position. Eight years latter, an act was passed to "punish blasphemers,
swearers, drunkards, and Sabbath breakers" and in addition spell out the appropriate punishment "if
any person shall hereafter within this province... deny our Savior Jesus Christ to be the
Son of God, or shall deny the Holy Trinity" (AMO). Punishment for a first offence was a fine and a
tongue boarding, while punishment for the second a fine and a B branded on the forehead. If a
person was convicted a third time they were put to death. Because of acts like these, Jewish
residents at the time tended to keep their religious affiliation on the backburner. Publicly observant
Jews were few and far between.
As one of the original 13

Shooting Stars
Shooting Stars
The poem 'Shooting Stars' by Carol Ann Duffy tells a shocking story of a female prisoner held by
Nazis in a concentration camp around the time of the Holocaust. The poem is set in 1940, Hitler and
his Nazi party had taken control of most of Europe and had vowed to exterminate the entire Jewish
race.
Duffy's haunting use of imagery and word choice make this poem so memorable and its very strong
opening prepares the reader for the rest of the poem.
The title choice, 'Shooting Stars' is a very effective and ambiguous title. The first meaning is that the
word 'Stars' represent the Jewish symbol, The Star of David. Jewish people were forced to wear
them on their clothes to mark them out as targets of abuse and torment for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The word 'gaze' shows that these men are detached from their emotions as they are part of a mass
slaughtering which seems hard to believe that that is humanly possible.
Duffy then uses the literary technique, enjambment to combine the first and second stanzas. This
technique is used to emphasize the point, "Mourn for the daughters / upright as statues" and carry
the impact through the two stanzas. Duffy shows how the women are stood firm and even in the
most humiliating, de–humanised state.
"You would not look at me. / You waited for the bullet" the woman is looking out for her friend as
they are waiting to be killed. For the woman to be faced with death and looking out for her friend
shows the incredibly selfless personality of the Jews. The following single word line, 'Fell' is a
euphemism for the death of the woman and gives a strong, short impact to the reader and acts like a
literary 'bullet' which is literally the object which killed her.
Duffy tells us to "Remember these appalling days which make the world forever bad". She gives the
word 'Remember' a capital letter to emphasize the fact that we should not forget what happened
there. Duffy believes that if the memory of this atrocity stays in our memory, we can avoid any other
mass, human–caused disaster to reoccur.
Enjambment is once again used to link stanzas two and three. "One saw I was alive. Loosened / his
belt." This technique is used

Ohio State Jewish Hospital Case Study
Ohio State Jewish hospital is located at one Jewish hospital plaza in Ohio. It is the largest hospital in
the region. There are other hospitals in the region that offer almost the same services as the Jewish
Hospital. The hospital offers a wide range of services including Lung cancer, Heart and Vascular
center, orthopedics, Transplant services and Neurological care. The hospital works along certain
goals and objectives to address the interest of the Ohio people. There is high rate of smoking, child
mortality and obesity among the population of the Ohio people. This is according to a local report of
Ohio population Health (Dao et al, 2011). The paper will take into account the ethical stand of the
Jewish hospital assuming that it will represent authentic and valid, albeit unrealized ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The strengths are associated to its mode of operations; working within its goals and objectives. One
of the Hospital main goals is to maintain high standards of quality and ensure it can provide cost
effective services that everyone can afford. Cost effective services ensures that low income
households have easy access to good medical health (Bowling, 2013). Patient focus care is a major
priority as it has worked well in the past for the hospital. The hospital is located in an urban center
that is quite busy. This ensures easy accessibility. The hospital has a very hard working and friendly
staff that alternate effectively to ensure that the hospital is functioning 24/7. This ensures that
anyone can access medical care any time. Electronic Health care ensures easy tracking of patient
health data. A strong informal communication channel among hospital department ensures easy flow
of communication. Such conditions have led to a proactive environment with good and elaborate
management style (Kerr & Hiltz, 2013). Considerable strengths are likely to make the Hospital the
most preferred and sought medical care institution in the

Mass Incarceration In Ww2
In the face of mass incarceration and genocide during World War II, the Jews of Central Europe had
few options for safe living space. The Nazi campaign against the Jewish people – as well as the
other races deemed "degenerate" by the former party – ensured that further residence in Europe was
not an option. Additionally, Britain had become an unviable recourse. Initially, its officials had
welcomed the Jewish refugees before World War II as they fled the political upheaval in Germany.
The war, however, convinced Parliament to forbid further immigration; furthermore, it committed to
an aggressive internment policy against German, Austrian, and Italian Jews. Like Britain, the United
States slowed the flow of Jewish immigrants – and, as Mandatory Palestine was in conflict, there
was no homeland for the Jewish people. The one safe haven left for Jewish refugees was in perhaps
the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This agreement – the Treaty of Nanking – allowed Britain to superimpose its sovereignty on five
Chinese ports. Promising only trade routes in return, the British had gained administrative rights
over Shanghai. Only a few years would pass before the Indian Rebellion and the Second Opium
War. The former displayed Britain's commitment to its commercial routes and colonial subservience,
as the revolt quickly collapsed and India fell under the ruling authority of the British Crown. The
latter only worsened relations between Britain and China; the Second Opium War fully opened
China for occupation by Western powers (an early example of the imperialism to follow worldwide).
Britain would cling tightly to its territories in China well into the twentieth century; in Shanghai,
this would prove to be

A Summary Of Pavel Friedmann And Krystyna Chiman
World War 2; a time where the United States fought against Germany and Japan, a time where Jews
were taken and killed by Nazi's, just because of their religion. Two Jewish People named, Pavel
Friedmann and Krystyna Chiger, who both wanted freedom spent their time during World War 2 in
1942 to endure, and continue to live their life without kicking the bucket too soon. Pavel Friedmann
stayed locked up in the ghetto for seven weeks while Krystyna and her family lived down in the rat
infested sewers for 14 months. The reason for their concealment was because they were Jewish, and
during World War 2, all the Nazi's wanted to do was exterminate the Jewish people. Eventually
Krystyna and her family got out of the sewers, starting at 20 people and ending the line at 11, but
unfortunately Pavel Friedmann gained his wings in an extermination camp in Auschwitz, 1944.
Pavel Friedmann and Krystyna Chiger's story both had certain things they can relate to. For
instance, They both were Jewish and were hiding from the Nazi's who were like old, big trees
hovering over all of the Jewish, ready to snap and take life away from the Jews at the blink of an
eye. Another thing is that they both tried to hide from the Nazi's; Pavel hiding in a crammed up
ghetto, and Krystyna and her family hiding in the sewers. One more thing is that they both wanted
freedom. Pavel states in his poem, "For seven weeks I've lived in here, penned up inside this ghetto,
but I have found my people here. The

Essay about Jewish History
Jewish History
Ever since the Jews were driven from their homeland (now known as Israel) they have faced
discrimination and prejudice, mainly due to their beliefs and culture. They spread throughout the
world and in some countries they were welcomed and enjoyed periods of peace with their neighbors,
however in Europe the population was mainly Christian and the Jews found themselves being
branded as outsiders. The reason Jewish and Christian populations couldn't get along was due to
different religious beliefs and for many years the Church taught of how it believed the Jews had
killed Jesus, however in modern times this view has been discredited by many historians.
In Russia there was a long ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1905 the Tzar's secret police published perhaps the most notorious example of pre–Nazi anti–
semitic propaganda. The 'Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion' put forward the notion that an
organiation of elite Jews were planning to take over the world. It was a hoax but this did not stop it
from being circulated throughout Europe and America and it helped fuel Nazism in the 1930's.
Meanwhile during this period Frances Jewish population was far less than Easten Europe. French
Jews had been the first in Europe to be given equal rights as citizens and enjoyed freedom
throughout France. However in 1894, French Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a French Jew, was tried for
high treason and sentenced to life imprisonment in total isolation on Devil's Island, off the coast of
the peal colony of French Guiana. It took many years for the truth to be known: Dreyfus was totally
innocent of the crime and false evidences had been used to convict him. This high profile case
highlighted the fact that anti–semitism was present in advanced Western Europe as well a more
backward states of Eastern Europe.
The Jews of Germany had already been living continuously in different parts

The Victimization of The Jewish Culture Essay
Throughout history, hate crime has been evident through past, significant events. Events such as the
genocide in Rwanda, ethnic conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the targeting of Native Americans
in early colonial periods, and the lynchings of African Americans are mass–based hate crimes.
Today, hate crime has become more prevalent with approximately 1,002 documented hate groups in
the United States (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2011). More cases involving the violence of
intolerance and bigotry appear, such as the murder of James Byrd because of his race and the killing
of Matthew Wayne Sheppard because of his sexual orientation.
In simple definition, hate crime is the intentional violence to hurt or intimidate someone because of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Just as the Jewish population, the process of the hate crime started with a psychotic, manipulative,
mentally ill person, who convinced another to murder soldier Barry Winchell.
Before organizations such as the Anti– Defamation League (ADL), the Jewish population was
targeted throughout history, and society has had to approach this victimization.
Throughout History
Despite the efforts now to protect the Jewish population, significant events in history targeted the
religious group. Jewish persecution has existed since 250 C.E. (The Common Era) in Canhage
(Grosser & Halperin, 1978). Cities and countries including Rome, Italy, Jerusalem, Venice, and
Spain continually persecuted the Jewish population by burning them alive, outlawing/expelling
them, and burning/confiscating property including synagogues. The earth–shattering Babylonian
captivity occurred in 587–538 BCE, resulting in the Jews of the Kingdom of Judah being held
captive in the city of Babylon.
Jews were a despised minority during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. As stated by the William
Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, "Their presence was tolerated, but they were restricted to certain
trades such as money–lending, could only live in certain areas that were known as ghettos, and had
to wear distinctive clothing to distinguish themselves from Christians" (2011). During this time,
Jews were accused of multiple

Jewish Population And The United States

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