Dance 101 Study Guide 2 Essay

Dance 101 Study Guide 2 Essay
1
Lesson 2 Study Guide
Broadway The American Musical:
At the start of the 20th century, the popular vaudeville shows that crossed the nation became the
training ground and inspiration for the birth of the American musical. As the primary location for
the professionalization of American performance art, understanding the complicated negotiation of
gendered and racial identities on the Broadway stage provides important background to the
development of an American identity in concert dance through the rest of the century. As you watch
these videos notice how musicals come to represent
American ideals such as abundance, opportunity, pluralism, optimism.
2.1 Give My Regards to Broadway:
2.1.1 Some of the images from the Follies look like the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She breaks all the images of American standard of beauty such as being physically pretty. She
represents a comedy story by using facial gestures and eyes movevents.
2.1.11 How did World War I change Broadway?
It changed the characteristic of broadway, from blackface to Tin Pan Alley era where most of all the
musicians and artists produce their idea in the one building and presents it after.
2.1.12 Show Boat was a marriage of what two traditions?
European operetta and American musical comedy.
2.1.13 Why was Show Boat so influential? In terms of subject matter? In terms of who was included
on stage?
Show Boat represent producer's idea of musics, which represents American music.
2.1.14 Based on what you have seen, how was Broadway 'uniquely American'?
It represented musical theme and comedy which was entertaining to audience. It also displayed of
mixed cultural background to represent the arts on the stage, such as black
American culture , Causasion culture (mostly European), and Jewish.
2.2 Syncopated City
"In the '20s everyone had permission to visit each other's land and see what they were doing." 2.2.1
Alcohol was outlawed during Prohibition, but was not strictly enforced in NY. This meant that
people of all social classes were breaking the law and thus normal rules about
1.2.3=Lesson 1.Resource 2. Question 3

3 crossing the lines of gender,
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Teddy Roosevelt's Dream
The name is Roger, Roger Felix; I'm living in the the worst few years anyone ever could live in
1932. It all started in 1929 when the stock market had crashed, from that moment on the rate of
unemployment had risen significantly. The only thing I have going for me is that I got a job building
that Rockefeller Building in the one and only New York City. Personally, I don't know how that the
big shot Mr. Rockefeller can fund over 40,000 jobs in this economy but he manages to do it. So, The
days begin at 5:30 A.M usually; I have to wake up an thirty minutes before work so that I can walk
over to the fancy dancy building on time. I live in the city, and I share an apartment with Tommy,
Johnny, and Robert. We all work together, but I still feel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This morning I feel alone more than usual, by lunch time all I want is booze. I look over I see Joe
bragging about his lunch to John and Tom. I just didn't understand how they could be so happy, and
why I could be so sad. Nothing they said cheered me or got my attention such as how the man
Charles Lindbergh the man who flew cross country in record breaking time, somebody had
kidnapped his son. After work, Robert, and a few others came to talk to me to see if I was alright. I
gave them the fake "yes," but I wasn't I just wanted to drink booze and not wake up. It was a sucky
moment to be in, and I was stuck in it. It was the morning, and I was determined to work hard today.
I just wanted to be noticed. By lunch time, Billy says "Al Capone has been arrested for tax
invasion." I'm think wow they got that gangster finally for all the bad things he has been doing.
After work, I was tired; I wasn't going to drink tonight. I was just going to live like a normal person
tonight. On the way home from work that night, I could not help but admire the stars the night in the
sky, they were just so

The Studio System Essay
The Studio System
Key point about the studio system could be:
Despite being one of the biggest industries in the United States, indeed the World, the internal
workings of the 'dream factory' that is Hollywood is little understood outside the business.
The Hollywood Studio System: A History is the first book to describe and analyse the complete
development, classic operation, and reinvention of the global corporate entities which produce and
distribute most of the films we watch.
Starting in 1920, Adolph Zukor, head of Paramount Pictures, over the decade of the 1920s helped to
fashion Hollywood into a vertically integrated system, a set of economic innovations which was
firmly in place ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The following essay will examine how these changes took place, and what impact it had on the film
making industry in America. We shall also examine how the system relates to the current production
methods used in film making. The main issues raised within the text will be summarised concisely
within the conclusion. Before a film reaches the cinema screen, and its audience it must go through
a three stage process. Firstly and most obviously it has to be produced, following this it must then be
distributed, and finally exhibited. Before the introduction of the studio system in the 1920s all of
these processes were controlled separately. Although this gave the makers of films, such as directors
and producers, room to express their creativity it placed a heavy constraint upon the amount of
movies that could be made, and financial profits. However, despite Hollywood's uneasy birth, by the
1920s it had become one of the worlds leading film producers (Dirks, 2002). This was largely due to
the introduction of the producer, or studio syste
Cinema is a collaborative art so it is difficult to determine the influence of one particular person on a
film. The only way to truly judge a single person's contribution to film is to look at their entire
filmography, in that way you can begin to distinguish patterns that can be identified with
individuals. With this in mind, it is

Positive And Negative Effects Of The Great Depression
The Great Depression:
How National Crisis Negatively Impacted and Positively Influenced Broadway
"Shrunken perhaps by the vicissitudes and exigencies of the times, Broadway presented itself
admirably throughout the Thirties. It not only managed to preserve the best, but also nurtured and
expanded them. At the brink of the new decade, Broadway stood smaller but brighter" –Rusie, 2016
1920's Broadway was booming! Due to the changes in song formatting, the modernization of plot
line, and with a variety of dance style, The Jazz Age catapulted Broadway to a higher dimension
than ever before. Like most hits, the Jazz Age fizzled out due to unforeseen circumstances. The Jazz
Age ended with the 1929 stock market crash and the onset of the Great Depression. The country
suffered, investments dropped, banks failed, and crashing companies caused massive unemployment
rates. Along with the rest of the country, Broadway was negatively impacted by The Great
Depression. However, despite the loss of jobs and struggling venues, the decade of the thirties
proved to be an enlightening and rich experience for Broadway. Through research, we will open the
curtain with the negative effects that The Great Depression had on Broadway during the 1930's, then
venture into the rising action where we will be begin to see the turning point, and finally end the
show in the final act with the light at the end of the tunnel.
National Depression 1920's Broadway was a sight to see; social classes were

The Age Of The Depression
Many people think of the 1930s as "The Age of the Depression". Two main events happened that
cause this thought to pop into their heads. These two main events were the Great Depression and
The Dust Bowl. In 1929 the stock market had crashed which led to a higher unemployment rate and
a lower income, this was called the Great Depression. A couple of years before World War I The
Great Plains had been plowed then a horrible drought hit the areas that were plowed. The dry dust
would blow around the plains for about eight years. This caused plants to die which meant farmers
would not have an income, farm animals that lived in those areas to suffocate from the dust, and
food would be hard to eat because dust would also get into people's houses ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these world leaders were Hitler (1889–1945), Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948) and Marcus
Garvey (1887–1940).Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party, punished Germany after they lost in World War
I. He believed that germans were pure aryan people. Mohandas Gandhi, leader of the Independence
Movement in Britain, was born October 2nd, 1869 and died on January 30th, 1948. He was known
for his nonviolent approach to oppression. Marcus Garvey, Jamaican political leader, was born
August 17, 1887 and died on June 10th,1940. He was known for telling african american people to
be proud of their race and to return to Africa.
Some of the major events that happened in the 1930s were The Great Depression, The Great
Depression and The Hindenburg Disaster. The Great Depression which was caused by the crash of
the stock market which happened on October 20th, 1929 and lasted till the late 1930s led to higher
unemployment and lower income rate. World War II, Hitler invaded Poland trying to seek lost
territory, which started the war on September 1st 1939 and ended September 2nd 1954. The Dust
Bowl dust storms that happened in the plains affected agriculture in the USA and Canada. It started
around the beginning of the 30s and lasted till the ending of the 30s. Finally, Hindenburg Disaster,
happened on May 6th, 1937 at Naval Air Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, New Jersey,
United States.

Will Rogers Research Paper
Life of Will Rogers
Will Rogers is the Cherokee Kid.Will was the best with a rope and Oklahomans number one actor
and comedian. Going around the world and making the world full of good times and laughs. Will
Rogers was born in Oologah, Oklahoma, was a great actor and writer, and died tragically.
Will Rogers was born on November 4, 1879 to Clem and Mary Rogers(Will Rogers). Growing up in
Oologah, Oklahoma when the land was indian territory(Baron). His full name was William Penn
Adair Rogers. Will grew up in a ranching family with siblings Maude, Homer, May, Elizabeth, Zoe,
Sallie, and Robert. Will was the youngest of all eight children. His sister Sallie, got married to Tom
McSpadden, then when will was seven Will moved in and started schooling. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
When Will was not acting he was writing. Will started with the Saturday Evening Post that was
carried all over the country. With Wills writing styles hen soon wrote the book The Cowboy
Philosopher on Prohibition . Also a book about a crazy pilot in Russia. In the 1930s Will was able to
get with the director John Ford to do three films.Doctor Bull, Judge Priest, and The Steamboat
Round the Bend were amazing acts performed by Will Rogers. On August 15,1935 Will Rogers
wanted to explore Alaska on plane and foot.The plane carrying Will Rogers and Wiley Post crashed
in Point Barrow, Alaska.Will died on impact. At the age of fifty–six years Will Rogers died so
suddenly and left the world in shock. A funeral was held at Wee Kirk O'the Heather in Beverly
Hills.Many of Wills friends and family spoke. Irvin Cobb spoke up at the end of the funeral and
said, "'There was a funeral here today for Will Rogers, but they can't bury that man. Will, he keeps
on flying'" (Garst 163).
In conclusion Will Rogers was a true icon and inspiration for all people. Will had a hard childhood,
but was born with true talent. Will had a great life filled with adventure and happiness. He changed
lives by performing and entertaining all across the globe even when Will went to Alaska and
crashed. Will Rogers was born in Oologah, Oklahoma, was a great actor and writer, and died in a
tragic accident. He will always be our one and only Cherokee

Compare And Contrast The American Musical Theatre In The...
Compare and contrast the American musical theatre in the 1920s with that of the 1930s. How did
each reflect and absorb its era? What forms & styles were dominant, what was the same, what was
different and why? Do we see elements from these decades in shows today? Use examples from
specific musicals. In the 1920's, musical theater was "roaring" just like the economic situation in the
United States. Florenz Ziegfeld was at his peak, buying shows and catapulting them to the forefront
of pop culture. The most popular songs on the radio were songs that were written and performed in
broadway shows. The subway station had just opened in times square and people came rushing to
the theaters. Rag–time was the popular genre at the time and Jazz musicians were working on their
own genre just blocks away. Prohibition caused the rise of the speakeasy and as a result, people of
different social classes were interacting. People were looking for entertainment that matched the
change in people's sensibilities. During this period, musicals (which were labeled "musical
comedies" at the time) were in the form of acceptable of guilty pleasures – the appeal of women and
their sexuality, silly characters that made fools of themselves, or the goofy country girl dancing
through the chores of the day. Ziegfeld's Follies, Marx brother shows, and Al Jolson playing his
character in blackface are great examples of these shows that focused on showing off the stars and
gave little care to the

Musical Theatre As A Theatrical Performance
Musical Theatre is a theatrical performance when the story is told through dialogue, song, and
dance. Back then, people didn't Snap Chat, Face Time or watch TV for entertainment; they would go
to the Theatre for a night out, first date, etc. To give a more definitive description of how musicals
evolved, affected, and influenced throughout history, a time line of major musicals that defined
certain stages of Musical Theatre will probably help people understand what makes it so unique.
Now a quick history lesson, Musical Theatre technically was created in 5th Century BCE Ancient
Greece, when staged comedies and tragedies would be told with a bit music and dance...but
Musicals didn't fully emerge into the world until the early 20th Century when the art form went to
London, England, and then to America, which formed the famous theatre district, Broadway. Now
that the basics are covered of where Musical Theatre came from, this paper is more about how
Broadway Musicals evolved into what they are in present day, how people have reacted to such
performances, and how musical theatre has impacted not only America, but also the world.
The first era of Musical Theatre actually started in the 1920's–1930's during the Great Depression.
This was a the first time there were musicals other than the fun, young, and enjoyable shows, the
first example of this would be the musical Show Boat, which premiered in December 1927, the
music was by Jerome Kern, book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II,

Analysis Of Laura Mulvey 's Film, Visual Pleasure And...
Katlyn Riggins
WGST 343: 500
Fall 2015
Topic Number 4
Women in film are often portrayed in a manner deemed pleasurable to the male viewer. Laura
Mulvey takes this concept and dissects it within her article "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema."
Mulvey references the term male gaze, "wom[en] displayed as sexual object[s] is the leitmotif of
erotic spectacle: from pin–ups to strip–tease, from Ziegfeld to Busby Berkeley, she holds the look,
and plays to and signifies male desire" (Mulvey 40). Because of this interpretation it is relevant to
examine different forms of media, such as films, to establish if the male gaze is present.
Furthermore, it is appropriate to analyze films directed by women to identify the male gaze, due to
their unique interpretation of female character's visual representation. In the essay that follows, it
will consider Girlfight and Dance, Girl, Dance to analyze how two separate female filmmakers,
Karyn Kusama and Dorothy Arzner respectfully, challenge the theory of the male gaze, along with
comparing and contrasting the methods in which such challenges were made, and finally it will
address how any filmmaker may object the male gaze.
Within the film Girlfight, director Karyn Kusama presents the audience with a strong female
protagonist. Actor Michelle Rodriguez debuts her career portraying the lead role of Diana and gives
the audience a unique interpretation of the character. We first see the heroine, through a crowd of
teenagers walking

Irving Baline's A Pretty Girl Is Like A Song
Irving Berlin
There are many great composers throughout the centuries. Each composer has a story to tell that is
very interesting, when you dig deep for the information. Every composer has their own way of
making, composing and producing music. Irving Berlin is no exception. Berlin is an extraordinary
composer, and when examining his story amazing facts are found. Berlin is not just a musician and
composer, he is a man of many hats. Berlin's life is extremely compelling.
Israel Baline was born on May 11, 1888 in a small town in Tyumen, Russia. He lived approximately
two hundred miles from Minsk. Moses Baline, Israel's father, worked as a leader in their synagogue.
When he was five years old, in 1893, to get away from the threats on the Jews, his family left Russia
to the United States. When they reached the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1919, he wrote "A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody", another song that everyone loved. The Music
Box Theater, built in 1921 for Beriln, is his very own place to show his productions. As if he did not
have enough going on, Berlin was working for Ziegfeld Follies during this time also. Ellin Mackay,
working for the New Yorker, caught the eye of Berlin. Berlin was smitten with Ellin, and vice versa.
Clarence Mackey, Ellin's father, disapproved of Ellin having anything to do with a gentleman from
Tin Pan Alley. Ellin was sent to Europe for a long vacation, by her father, in hopes to keep the two
apart. Unfortunately to Mr. Mackey's dismay, Ellin returned to the United States, they picked up
where they had left off. Berlin wrote "My Baby's Come Back to Me" is joy of her return. In 1926,
Berlin and Ellin eloped, and Mr. Mackey disowned his daughter. "Always" was also written for
Ellin, and the song and its rights were given to her from Berlin as a gift. The two had a happy
marriage that lasted through four children, and until her death in 1988. "Blue Skies" is written by
Berlin in this time

The Show I Love Lucy Essay
We are all here for a spell, get all the good laughs you can. –– Will Rogers
Television's rise in popularity throughout the fifties saw the emergence of the situation comedy, a
style that captivated audiences by presenting a story with a beginning, a middle, and a happy end.
One of the most popular of these shows, I Love Lucy, continues to appeal to both young and old
some forty years later –– and counting. For most people, the answer to how I Love Lucy continually
and effectively draws viewers to the screen is that "It's funny." There is more to this funny show
than meets the eye.
For television viewers of the fifties, Lucy and Ricky could have been familiar neighbors from down
the street. People could relate to this young couple, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was fate and a bit of luck that cast William Frawley and Vivian Vance in the colorful supporting
roles of Fred and Ethel Mertz. After they were cast, it was discovered that both had musical and
dancing talent from vaudeville, which opened doors in script–writing to incorporate these talents.
The four co–stars had an innate ability to evoke laughter; behind the set a bulletin board listed the
names of cast and crew with a series of gold stars next to each name. These represented the number
of times funny, off–camera ad–libs were made (William Frawley always won.)
On Monday, October 15, 1951, I Love Lucy made its debut on the CBS television network, which
then consisted of a few big stations and seventy–four local affiliates. There was solid competition on
NBC in the same 9 p.m. time–slot from "Lights Out" a top ten television version of the original
radio classic. "Lucy," so the critics predicted, didn't stand a chance. (Andrews, 64.) The first episode
to air, preceded by the first of many Philip Morris cigarette commercials, was titled "The Girls Want
to Go to a Nightclub:"
It's the Mertzes' eighteenth wedding anniversary, and Ethel wants to celebrate by going to the
Copacabana, while Fred itches to attend the fights. An arguments ensues, culminating with Ethel
and Lucy informing Fred and Ricky that they'll go nightclubbing without them –– with dates!
Admitting to themselves that perhaps they were

Show Boat History
On December 27, 1927 when the premiere of Show Boat opened in the spectacular new Ziegfeld
Theater, producer Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. had brought something new to Broadway. As Katherine Leigh
Axtell writes, the show was "neither an operetta nor a musical comedy, neither a vaudeville nor a
revue." For the first time, composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II seamlessly
integrated plot, character, music, and dance into a modern musical production –– starting a new
genre of musical, which is often called "musical theater" or "book musical." Show Boat also brought
serious themes that left the audience unable to react the way they had to the previous Broadway
musicals. For the first time, there was a breakthrough in racial integration. ... Show more content on
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According to Todd Decker, an Associate Professor of Musicology at the Washington University of
St. Louis, "Ferber's story is best known today for its retelling as a musical. Just weeks after the
novel was published, the composer Jerome Kern and the lyricist and author Oscar Hammerstein II
set about making Ferber's interracial cast of characters sing and dance on the Broadway stage."
Show Boat illustrates the real lives of both blacks and whites living and working alongside the
Mississippi river. Although within the storyline blacks and white were both on the same stage, Show
Boat tackles complicated issues through an intricate tale of interracial

African American Performers: Egbert Austin Williams Essay
Egbert Austin Williams better known as Bert, was an African American performer during the late
19th and early 20th century. He was born in Nassau, Bahamas on November 12, 1874. He was the
child of Frederick, who was a sailor and his mother Julia. When Williams was 11 he and his family
moved to Riverside in southern California. While in Nassau, Williams encountered very little
racism, southern California however was a much different story which troubled him deeply
throughout his lustrous career. Although he faced racism throughout his career he still was
extremely successful. By the time he died in March of 1922, he had broken down numerous racial
doors that has had an everlasting impact on Broadway. He became a legend as a comedian, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were then recruited by composer Will Cook, who was also African American, to join his play
Clorindy.
After they finished with Clorindy, they formed their own touring company, which they used to
produce all black shows which they wrote and co–stared in. The William and Walker Company
which lasted from 1899 to 1909, created three important hit productions: In Dahomey (1903),
Abyssinia (1906), and Bandanna Land (1908). In Dahomey, directed by Will Cook, opened on
February 18, 1903, would proved to be the most successful of the three. The show was about trying
to colonize Africa and a couple black, shady businessmen in Boston used the less fortunate of their
own race to do so. They must find an heirloom to help fund the plan so they hire two detectives who
are played by Walker a "knave, Rareback Pinkerton" and Williams a "fool, Sheylock Homestead".
They eventually end up in Dahomey as the rulers of the African state. A review of the show by, "The
Theatre magazine proclaimed Bert Williams 'a vastly funnier man than any white comedian now on
the American stage.'" (Jas Obrecht)
Not only was In Dahomey the most successful of the duo's biggest three productions but it is also
made a major racial milestone not only in theater but in social aspects as well. "The first full length
all black musical to play a legitimate Broadway theater in season, In Dahomey succeeded with

Roger Rockefeller Research Paper
The name is Roger, Roger Felix; I'm living in the worst few years anyone ever could live in 1932. It
all started in 1929 when the stock market had crashed, from that moment on the rate of
unemployment had risen significantly. The only thing I have going for me is that I got a job building
that Rockefeller Building in the one and only New York City. Personally, I don't know how that the
big shot Mr. Rockefeller can fund over 40,000 jobs in this economy but he manages to do it. So, The
days begin at 5:30 A.M usually; I have to wake up an thirty minutes before work so that I can walk
over to the fancy dancy building on time. I live in the city, and I share an apartment with Tommy,
Johnny, and Robert. We all work together, but I still feel like I barely know them. Our apartment
building can be seen if you look to the southwest part of the top of the Rockefeller building. Every
day is the same to me, as each day goes on I get more and more depressed. What I try to do is use
booze to forget about it. For work, I use the same ole' wrinkly clothes everyday for every week.
Lunch starts at 11:30 A.M and it goes on for thirty ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That building is the biggest ever to be built, and I get to admire it. After church, the gang says that
we have tomorrow off, and we should go to Grand Central Park tomorrow. As usual, I say "Yes", but
I know I'll just be loner out there. The next day on the way to the park, Robert says "They put Christ
on the top of Rio De Janeiro." I say "What do you mean they put Christ on Rio De Janeiro," he says
"They made a huge statue of him." That reminded me of that Salt march by Ghandi a few months
back, and how religion is taking over this world; that's good that there is less evil out here. Finally,
we make it to the park, and I see the gang playing American football. So I go get a blat because I am
not much of a football

Supreme City By Donald Miller
Supreme City by Donald Miller Donald Miller was born in August 1971 in America. Miller is one of
the best–selling American author and some other books he has written include: Prayer and the Art of
Volkswagen Maintenance, Blue Like Jazz, Searching for God knows What, amongst others. Most of
Miller's books are based on Christian spirituality and history. Supreme City is a book that basically
explains the growth of New York City from early 1920's and all the people behind the growth.
Miller categorically insists that most of the people who contributed to the growth of the Manhattan
came from other places (Miller 12). Such notable names are: Florenz Ziegfeld who invested on
entertainment, William Paley and David Sarnoff who both founded radio networks in New York,
Elizabeth Arden, and Helena Rubenstein who both were dealing with fashion and cosmetics. Other
exciting characters in the text are Fred F– the real estate investor, Tex Rickard who had specialized
on fights and in fact built Madison Square Garden where large crowds of people used to converge to
watch boxing and Jimmy Walker who was the mayor (his name was essential in defining the era). It
is important to note that the book has very vast number of characters who the author tries to explain
how they contributed to the growth of the city.
Miller identifies the opening of the Grand Central Terminal at the 42th Street as the backbone to
Midtown emergence as a business and major entertainment hub. He says that by

Analysis Of The Movie ' Broadway '
A war is fought on many fronts. The war front were the actually fighting takes place. The
government front were the stiff shirts fight politics. The home front were the people still at home
have to deal with the repercussions of war. And the public front were people still had to go about
their daily lives. This is where Broadway was born and raised. Broadway was just getting started in
the late 1860's so it was still a baby when World War One began. Broadway was loved by all and
people could go see their favorite shows, with their favorite actors for the low price of $1.50 or
$2.00. Before WWI Broadway was not really concerned with the outside world, but the war
changed all that. Soon the only thing one could see a play on was the war, or ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
To this Cohan's friend was nice enough to point out that he would have to be in a union to run an
elevator (Kenrick, 1996; revised 2014). Even after everything was settled he did not join any union,
and he is to this day the only person who was allowed to perform in union shows without an equity
card (Rusie, 1998). The war had a huge effect on the world, Broadway included; Broadway did its
best to help with the war, but WWI still changed the style of Broadway, and how it worked. In 1917
Dr. Frank Crane said, "The stage is not a nation's weakness, extravagance or undoing, but it is a
nation's deep refreshment that gives to the hearts and minds of a great people that spirit of courage
and light and adventure that is needed to achieve success in the arena of world conflict. (Atkinson,
1970)" Dr. Crane was more than right in his statement. Broadway was not taking away from the
war, or trying to shove it in a corner, acting, and hoping that it did not exist. They were embracing it,
and were helping the cause. During WWI Broadway was teeming with servicemen. To help those
coming to Broadway for the first time, information centers were set up all to help soldiers. These
centers would give soldiers information, such as what shows to go see in their short time in the city
(Atkinson, 1970). These soldiers would not stay in the city for long, but when they were there Time

Difference Between Musical Theatre And Film Musicals
A musical film is a genre of movie where songs sung by characters are added into the storyline,
occasionally complemented by choreography. The musical numbers in these films do not always
develop the plot and characters, but they do give the films a more exciting quality. The primary
difference between musical theatre and film musicals is the use of extravagant scenery that would be
extraordinarily unreasonable for a stage performance. While making movies, the individuals
involved have the luxury of being able to shoot multiple takes and have the time to move
backgrounds around or change their entire location. Stage performances, on the other hand, must
have scenery that can be easily and efficiently moved on and offstage when it is needed. In order to
be able to thoroughly comprehend this relatively recent– in the grand scheme of things– form of
entertainment, one should understand the history behind these musical films, be aware of some of
the "big names" that are well–known, and recognize major titles that revolutionized musical film
forever (Scaruffi, P., 2005).
Before being able to completely appreciate musical films, one must be aware of their remarkable
history and how they came into existence. According to an article written by Cara Schreffler:
Since the days of the ancient Greeks, music has been an integral part of drama and theatre. Many
composers wrote music to accompany plays, and sometimes the music became more well–known
than the play it was written for ... It

Narrative Essay: The Sioux City Boat Show
Many wonderful Friday evening dances were enjoyed with my one and only black–haired girlfriend.
The cost for the evening totaled thirty cents: five cents car fare each way to the Sioux City Boat
Club in Riverside, plus two five cent ice cream sodas at Phillips Drug Store on Pierce Street. The
evening ended as I walked the young lady home to 1211 Nebraska Street (the streetcars stopped
their regular schedules early in the evening). One more plus for streetcars: men in the late afternoon
would stand in front of Beck's Jewelry at the corner at 4th and Pierce and ogle the ladies who
exposed their ankles as they lifted their long–skirted Victorian–era dresses to board the streetcars,
which gave a big thrill to the onlookers. The automobile was just entering mass production, i.e. a
mass of so–called manufacturers, which finally topped ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ungainly chorus would never make the Ziegfeld Follies, which was a top–rung show in New
York at the time. The second floor balcony wrapped around three sides of the hall and was divided
into curtained stalls where the big spenders and ladies–of–the–evening viewed the show. The
curtains were opened or closed depending on the whims of the occupants. One event is vividly
remembered. The Superintendent, Mr. Gaddis, was an old time "pick handle" boss and frequently
cussed the laggards with a wide assortment of obscenities. My crew dug the trenches with long–
handled shovels, and if any were unable to keep dirt in the air, they were promptly laid off, easily
replaced by the unemployed sitting on the sidelines. There was a distinct depression following the
losses engendered by the San Francisco earthquake and fire. The collapse of big insurance
companies had a ripple effect, which caused widespread unemployment throughout the

The Night
BANG BANG BANG! Alexis' mother, Christina banged on her door to wake her up. "UGH, Mom,
I'm awake. Just give me a minute," groaned Alexis. She rolled onto her side, and grabbed her phone
to see what she missed the night before. The brightness was all the way up, causing her to tear up
and rub her eyes. She yawned and braved the cold in her house. She stood up, threw on her favorite
sweatshirt and trudged down the hallway to the living room. She sank into the couch, but the sweet
scent of cinnamon pancakes, maple syrup, and perfectly crisp home fries filled the air, making her
stomach grumble. Alexis knew breakfast would be gone if she didn 't get it soon. She grumbled, and
shuffled into the kitchen, when her little brothers, James and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Alexis brushed through her auburn hair, and put on a pair of jeans, a sweater, a pea coat over it, and
her favorite pair of Uggs. Isabel, on the other hand, a more sporty girl, put her dirty blonde curly
hair up into a messy bun, and put on leggings, a pair of sneakers, and a sweatshirt. Then, both girls
put on makeup, and sang along to Christmas songs. When they were done, and already to leave,
Alexis grabbed a pancake, her keys and shut the door to her house. Isabel sat in the passenger seat
of Alexis' red toyota camry, and the ride began. The car ride dragged on, the stations changing back
and forth or being completely shut off to gossip. They were almost at the theater, nearly escaping the
horrible New York City traffic, when the car made a loud click, followed by a thud. Just before the
car could completely break down, Alexis pulled over. The car thudded one more time and then shut
off. Fortunately, the old theater was close by, so both girls grabbed their jackets and phones and
started walking. The sky was cloudy, you could see the brightly lit yellow, green and pink lights of
the sign a street away. As the girls got closer, they saw a car parked next door to the building, but
thought nothing of it. They reached the doorway sand exchanged glances. "Are you ready?" asked
Isabel, with a sly smile on her face. "Yeah, let's do this!" exclaimed Alexis. With that, the girls

Funny Girl Essay
Many women have certainly proven that women can be funny by breaking into an entertainment
forum that is still today seen as quite the "boys' club": women like, Lucille Ball, Phyllis Diller, Joan
Rivers, Lily Tomlin, Whoopi Goldberg and plenty more. These women are comedians, the funny
girls, but what does it mean to be a funny girl? Using history and the feminist theory, this paper will
provide a perspective of what it really means to be that funny girl. So when did women become
"funny"? I mean, I'm sure that they always have been but when exactly did they begin to be
recognized for being that way? Female comedians have made large contributions to the feminist
movement. During the 19th Century women were using humor in things that go ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With all the strong females within the Vaudeville Era they were still woman in theatre being stifled
by the all male climate and were simply seen as sex objects to keep the men at the performance, or
objected to being laughed at in a demeaning manner. Still around 1910 most women had found
themselves with more free time. So, they began to look deeper into their own personal identities and
found that they liked going the theatre. "More than forty percent of popular theatre audiences were
made up of mostly women" (Fields). One can see how women like Sophie Tucker and Fanny Brice
wanted to be a part of the "stage–struck–girl" movement (Fields). These Women were not meant to
be underestimated. As Vaudeville evolved into musicals, so did the amount of powerful females
commanding the spot light.
Theatre brought on a great amount of funny women. One of the well known "funny girls" was
Fanny Brice. She was a burlesque performer turned comic when Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. saw her
potential. She had quite the unique way of using self–deprecation and stereotypes for laughs using
caricature like acting. In an attempt to get serious roles she received plastic surgery to change her
nose, "a characteristic that she felt most reflected her Jewish heritage and caricature acting"
(Editors). After failing to get serious she moved back to comedy and

Essay about Showboat: A Revolutionary Production
Showboat; a Revolutionary Production
The 1900's were a time for great transformations and growth within the theatrical community. Of all
types of theater that were developed during that period, musical theater matured into a more
respected and widely desired form of entertainment. Musical theater transformed from blackface
minstrel shows with gag productions into pieces of reputable theater. One of the most influential
productions in making that turn into sophistication is Showboat. Based on the novel by Edna Ferber
Showboat was written by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II (Smith 627). Showboat was
premiered in the Ziegfeld Theatre on December 27, 1927 (Smith 627). The 1926 novel chronicled
the lives of a musical and racially ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regardless of what any critic labels it, Showboat was a change in theater during a time when very
little changes were being made. Many productions during the 1920's were diluted into a simple
formula. Add in some dancing girls, gag tricks and "happy go lucky" musical numbers and one has a
generic 1920's musical production. As stated by Stanley Green, "it [1920 era] was not a period
distinguished by many changes in the structure of the musical comedy theatre. Of all the musicals
written and produced during that decade, only Showboat was able to offer a truly adult libretto
combined with superior music and lyrics" (2). Jerome Kern, the primary lyricist, started his writing
career at The Princess Theatre where he made conscientious efforts to create a new form of musical
comedy, but in his efforts only Showboat is considered a classic because it broke so many musical
comedy taboos (Green 71). He was assisted by Oscar Hammerstein II in his efforts to mold
Showboat into a new age production. Showboat's "musical integration and before it's time
characterization has put itself in a class of its own; "[s]ome have gone so far as to say that if there is
ever to be an American school of opera, this is the model upon which it must be based" (Howard
666). The major difference between Showboat and other productions of its time was the fluidity and
depth Kern creates. Roy Hemming writes, "Kern's pioneering work in integrating songs and text

History of Theater: 1890
"Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is
heard no more; it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing." – William
Shakespeare The theatre has been a part of entertainment since ancient Greece, around 4th century
BC or thereabouts. The theatre grew out of festivals in honor of the god Dionysus. Aeschylus
created the first play in her honor. The first Greek plays were all tragedies but eventually comedy
made its way and these plays were performed at festivals all over Greece. Through the centuries
theater played the main role of entertainment from noble and royalty to the common person in any
city or village, and as we move into the twenties ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus the Ziegfeld Follies were born. The productions included over the top sets, extravagant
costumes and "The Ziegfeld Girls," a chorus of attractive females. Out of consideration for the
sensibilities of theatergoers, the tone of his productions was sexy but never trashy. Ziegfeld
considered thirteen his lucky number and thus gave his revue the thirteen letter name Follies of the
Day taken from the title of a popular newspaper column penned by librettist Harry B. Smith, who
Ziegfeld hired to write the libretto. By 1900, there were currently thirty–three legitimate Broadway
theatres, and many more would be built over the next couple of decades to meet the demand of the
growing audiences. The productions included those of drama, comedy and musicals, but legitimate
theatre was not the only theatrical entertainment of this time. During this time a large group of
entertainers travels from one small theater to the next, entertaining thousands with their simple song
and dance, mini–comical skits, and different acts of entertainment. These people were known as
Vaudevillians and their theatre circuit was known as Vaudeville. Vaudeville was a theatrical
paradigm in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s. Each
performance consisted of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Types of acts
included popular and classical musicians, dancers, comedians, trained animals, magicians, female

The Sport of Powerlifting
In any sport, many things are needed to achieve. The sport that asks a person to literally go beyond
what they can do is powerlifting. To do this, a person has to know the sport called powerlifting. He
or she must learn to adapt a new way of physical and mental training, breathing, and way of life.
Since the first professional competition in 1964, powerlifting has shown great feats of strength,
power, legends and dreams that have changed, "How strong are you," actually implies (Hatfield 5).
What is Powerlifting?
What is powerlifting? Powerlifting is an invigorating sport of strength, power, and speed. Unlike
most sports, powerlifting gets at the heart of the most basic of all athletic qualities–strength.
Over the years before the first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These features earned him the name "Russian Lion."
Powerlifting Legends
Every great thing has its legends. Here are some from this great sport. The first great legend is a
man known as Fred "Dr. Squat" Hatfield. Hatfield made history throughout the sport of
powerlifting, being known best as the first man to squat over 1,000 pounds in a competition. He
achieved 1,014 at a bodyweight of 255 pounds (American Strength Legends 2). He did this at the
age of 45, as well. Even more so, he could bench press 573 pounds and deadlift 766 pounds. All
through his life, Fred was an athlete, excelling in soccer, track, and gymnastics. He received many
degrees associated with fitness and sports training, now owning one of the largest personal training
organizations in the world; the International Sports Sciences Association. He has also trained the
U.S.A. powerlifting squad and many other world renowned athletes. Some other huge achievements
of Dr. Hatfield were winning three world powerlifting championships and setting thirty world and
national records in five different weight classes, something never done by any other lifter. Fred
competed from the ‘70's to this very day at the age of almost sixty (American Strength Legends 2).
Bill Kazmaier, another idol of the sport, was a huge beast at six feet, three inches tall and weighing
between 320–350 pounds of muscle, he was untouchable in his career. He was a powerlifter and a

The Life of Robert Lewis: Method or Madness?
Robert Lewis was one of the most reputable renaissance men of the theatre world, devoting much of
his life to acting, teaching, directing, and writing. On March 15, 1906, Lewis was born in Brooklyn,
New York, with the given name Robert Lewkowitz. From a young age, Lewis was fond of the arts.
His first interest was music; he played the cello and took up his studies at the Institute of Musical
Art In Manhattan and the Brooklyn Music School Settlement. In the 1920's, Lewis decided to switch
gears and he began to pursue acting. He first entered the theatre scene when he began acting with
the Civic Repertory Theatre and Sue Hastings' Marionette Company. Lewis is well known for his
contributions to Group Theatre and Actors Studio, along with his other workshop, teaching and
acting endeavors. From 1931 to 1941, Robert Lewis acted for the Group Theatre, a theatre created
by Lee Strasberg, Harold Clurman, and Cheryl Crawford. He served as one of the original members
of the company. Lewis appeared in many of their plays during this decade. The Group Theatre
worked under the principles of Konstantin Stanislavski and Eugene Vakhtangov. After the ultimate
collapse of the Group Theatre, these ideas carried over to the Actors Studio. Before the Actors
Studio was created, a project called the Dollar Top Theatre went underway but was never
completed. The Actors Studio was developed by Robert Lewis in collaboration with Cheryl
Crawford and Elia Kazan. It was an acting workshop created in

Lena Horne
Singer/actress Lena Horne's primary occupation was nightclub entertaining, a profession she
pursued successfully around the world for more than 60 years, from the 1930s to the 1990s. In
conjunction with her club work, she also maintained a recording career that stretched from 1936 to
2000 and brought her three Grammys, including a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1989; she
appeared in 16 feature films and several shorts between 1938 and 1978; she performed occasionally
on Broadway, including in her own Tony–winning one–woman show, Lena Horne: The Lady and
Her Music in 1981–1982; and she sang and acted on radio and television. Adding to the challenge of
maintaining such a career was her position as an African–American facing discrimination ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jones owed his job a clerk in the county coroner's office to political patronage. It did not bring in
much money, and in 1938, when Horne was approached by an agent with an offer to co–star in a
low–budget all–black movie musical with a mere ten–day shooting schedule in Hollywood, she
accepted. The film was The Duke Is Tops, released in July 1938. Later in the year, Horne was asked
to take on a more time–consuming project, a part in a new mounting of producer Lew Leslie's all–
black musical revue Blackbirds. Again, she accepted in the name of increasing the family income,
spending months in rehearsals and out–of–town tryouts before Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1939
opened on Broadway on February 11, 1939. One of Horne's numbers was "You're So Indifferent,"
written by Sammy Fain and Mitchell Parish, a song she would keep in her repertoire. The show ran
only nine performances, closing February 18.
Horne returned to Pittsburgh, where she temporarily separated from her husband, then reconciled
with him. She began taking singing engagements in the homes of wealthy families in the area. She
also became pregnant again, and her son, Edwin Fletcher ("Teddy") Jones, was born in February
1940. That fall, she made a final separation from her husband (they were formally divorced in June
1944) and moved to New York to restart her career. In December, she accepted an offer to join the

Florenz Ziegfeld's Influence On The Broadway Industry
"Curtain! Fast music! Light! Ready for the last finale! Great! The show looks good, the show looks
good!" – Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. This quote were the last words spoken by the famous producer of
Broadway, Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. (also known as Flo). When he said those words he talking about how
his life to coming to a close and his experience in the Broadway industry. It was always so fast
paced and coming to a close. Ziegfeld helped to shape Broadway with his influence in the industry
and introducing new types of shows and producing classic musicals. Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. was an
important figure in 1920s American History because of his influence on Broadway and the way he
shaped the industry. Florenz Ziegfeld was born on March 21, 1867 in Chicago, Illinois to Florenz
Ziegfeld and Rose de Hez. Growing up, Ziegfeld hated school so much that he was sent to a cattle
ranch in Wyoming. When he was growing up his father opened a nightclub which he called the
Trocadero. The nightclub was supposed to be successful due to the upcoming World's Fair.
However, the nightclub did not attract enough people and in order to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Ziegfeld Follies were a group of women who would dance during Ziegfeld's broadway shows.
In the beginning, in order to produce them, Ziegfeld would spend $13000 on them and by the end it
would cost him $300000. The Follies were a huge success on Broadway and gave Ziegfeld his spot
in the Broadway history books. Another thing he in order to cement his fame, was revitalize the
Broadway show, ShowBoat. During the casting of the show, Ziegfeld made the controversial choice
at the time which was to cast a black actor in a leading role. Before this, white actors would apply
"black face" on them to look like a black person. Despite this choice, the revival was a huge success
and Ziegfeld made the show into one of the best and iconic Broadway shows of all

Cultural Characteristics Of Musical Theater
Richard Kihm
10/16/17
MUTH 130
Professor Kolb
What is Musical Theater?
It is not Shakespeare, nor is it Opera. It has been called Minstrel Show, Burlesque, Vaudeville,
Extravaganza, Operetta, Musical Comedy, Musical Revue, Musical Theatre and it has been
described in a variety of terms including "Low Brow" and "Middle Brow" but never "High Brow." It
had also been praised and condemned for its broad cultural connections and appeal. Although
Musical Theatre is not a Shakespearean or Operatic subcategory. It was highly inspired by many
Operas and theatrical iambic pentameter and phrases of the great Shakespeare himself. For example,
Rent was inspired by La Boheme and Miss Saigon was inspired by Madame Butterfly. As a result,
They sparked the beginning of the amazing cultural phenomenon of Musical Theater. Vaudeville is a
type of show and entertainment that was very popular within the United states during the early 20th
century, that had a mixture of special acts such as burlesque comedy and song and dance. Burlesque
is a comical work that is usually something highly embellished, or a pastiche of some kind. It is
often found that many Burlesque works usually had a striptease of some sort. In the beginning–
showing legs was considered profane and highly scandalous yet was highly entertaining for many
people. Minstrel shows were a shameful form of entertainment that had begun to rise in the 1840's.
With this came the creation of "Black Face." Black face is when white men would

God Bless America by Irving Berlin
"God Bless America" is one of Irving Berlin's best known songs. We hear it at ceremonies, at
sporting events, all over across the United States. It was originally composed by Berlin in 1918
while he was serving in the U.S. Army. He set the song aside for a while and didn't pick it back up
until he later revised the piece in 1938. The most famous version of this song was recorded by Kate
Smith. It is even considered her signature song. The songs genre is considered to be an American
patriotic song. He received criticism at first, especially from Anti–Semitic groups because Berlin
was Russian born and Jewish. However, the song gained quick popularity and was even used by
Roosevelt as his official campaign song. The song is often played at sporting events and was sung as
a tribute by Celine Dion after the terrorist attacks of September 11th. "God Bless America" was
originally written for a full orchestra and was first performed that way by Kate Smith with a choir
singing backup vocals as well. The piece is written in the key of F major and is in cut time. The
tempo is set at moderato, however, in Kate's original performance many liberties were taken in
terms of tempo. Berlin, drafted by the Army during World War I to write songs of patriotism, wrote
the song but decided it was not fitting for the "Yip Yip Yaphank" series that he was doing. The song
only resurfaced when Kate Smith's manager asked Berlin if he something patriotic that she could
sung. Thus, "God Bless America"

Describe The Changes Of The Theatre In The 1920's
There were many physical changes that took place with the theatres and the productions. Depression
hit New York pretty hard, 1.6 million out of 7 million people were in some sort of welfare programs,
as well as one third of the city's factories were forced to be shutdown. Theatres were either closed
down or were tuned into movie houses. Production output slowed down, before the depression there
were 264 productions between 1927–28 and then during the depression, (1930–31) there was only
187 productions, because it was difficult to fundraise money. It was also very difficult to get a job in
a theatrical field during the recession, there were about five thousand people that were jobless. 2. In
the late 1920's Flo Ziegfeld was in a courtroom fighting off a $1600 tab, as he was walking home
the stock market began to crash. Flo ended up losing over 3 million in investments, which depressed
him greatly. In the past Ziegfeld did a few motion picture projects, so he was able to sell the rights
to some of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yip Harburg was born into poverty in 1896. While attending college, Harburg became great friends
with Ira Gershwin. At first Harburg went into the electrical supply business with another classmate,
but business went bankrupt. Harburg then ended up contacting Gershwin, who ended up leasing him
money because was broke and also referred him to the composer Jay Gorney. Gorney and Harburg
worked tirelessly together and they landed a new job with a revue called New Americana which was
centered on the forgotten man. The song that was emblematic of the depression era was "Brother
Can You Spare a Dime?". "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?" was sung and made popular by Bing
Crosby, but it was written by Yip Harburg. Harburg got the inspiration for this song because along
the streets of New York there were lines of people who had fallen through tough times awaiting for
bread and soup. Often around the street of New York the most common slogan was "can you spare a

preschool Essay
California Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 CALIFORNIA DEPAR TMENT OF
EDUCATION SACRAMENTO, 2010 California Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2
Visual and Performing Arts Physical Development Health Publishing Information The California
Preschool Learning Foundations (Volume 2) was developed by the Child Development Division,
California Department of Education. This publication was edited by Faye Ong, working in
cooperation with Laura Bridges and Desiree Soto, Consultants, Child Development Division. It was
designed and prepared for printing by the staff of CDE Press, with the cover and interior design
created by Cheryl McDonald. It was published by the Department of Education, 1430 N Street, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the goal of ensuring that all preschools in California offer highquality programs, the California
Department of Education collaborated with leading early childhood educators, researchers,
advocates, and parents to develop Volume 2 of the preschool learning foundations. The foundations
outline key knowledge and skills that most children can achieve when provided with the kinds of
interactions, instruction, and environments shown by research to promote early learning and
development. Volume 2 focuses on three domains: visual and performing arts, physical
development, and health. These domains often receive less attention than some of the other
domains, but they are equally important for preschool children's overall learning and development.
As research that is summarized in this volume indicates, physical v vi exercise and healthy
routines and nutritional choices set the stage for lifelong healthy habits. The recent NAEYC report
underscores the need for children to play outside, use their large muscles, and engage in vigorous
physical activities every day. Of course, the visual and performing arts fuel both preschool children's
imaginative play and creativity and also promote learning in all domains, including physical skill
development, cognitive development, and social–emotional development. I believe that these
foundations will help guide and support all California preschools in providing developmentally

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