for educational purpose only

1. Objectives:
1. Identify And Describe The Three
Basic Rock Types;
2. Establish Relationships Between
Rock Types And Their Mode Of Origin
And Environment Of Formation; And
3. Understand The Different Geologic
Processes Involved In Rock Formation.

2. EXPLORE

3. DIRECTION: CHOOSE THE
LETTER THAT
CORRESPONDS TO YOUR
ANSWER.

4. 1. WHAT PROCESS FORMS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS?
A. BITS OF SAND AND GRAVEL FORM
LAYERS THAT TURN INTO ROCK DUE TO
PRESSURE.
B. EXTREME HEAT AND PRESSURE FROM
INSIDE THE EARTH TURN ROCKS INTO NEW
ROCKS.
C. LAVA COOLS AND HARDENS TO FORM A
ROCK.
D. MAGMA TRAPPED UNDER THE EARTH’S
SURFACE COOLS AND SOLIDIFIES.

5. A. BITS OF SAND AND GRAVEL
FORM LAYERS THAT TURN INTO
ROCK DUE TO PRESSURE.

6. 2. WHICH OF THE WORDS BELOW
DESCRIBE MUD, SAND, AND TINY
BITS OF ROCKS THAT CEMENT
TOGETHER TO FORM A CERTAIN TYPE
OF ROCK?
A. STALACTITES
B. MAGMA
C. METAMORPHIC
D. SEDIMENTS

7. D. SEDIMENTS

8. 3. WHICH TYPE OF ROCK
CAN TURN INTO A
METAMORPHIC ROCK?
A. IGNEOUS
B. SEDIMENTARY
C. METAMORPHIC
D. MINERAL

9. C. METAMORPHIC

10. 4. WHAT PROCESS FORMS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS?
A. LAVA COOLS AND HARDENS TO FORM A ROCK
B. BITS OF SAND AND GRAVEL FORM LAYERS
THAT TURN INTO ROCK DUE TO PRESSURE.
C. EXTREME HEAT AND PRESSURE FROM INSIDE
THE EARTH TURN ROCKS INTO NEW ROCKS.
D. MAGMA TRAPPED UNDER THE EARTH’S
SURFACE COOLS AND SOLIDIFIES.

11. C. EXTREME HEAT AND
PRESSURE FROM INSIDE
THE EARTH TURN ROCKS
INTO NEW ROCKS.

12. 5. WHAT TYPE OF ROCK WOULD
YOU EXPECT TO FIND NEARBY A
VOLCANO?
A. SEDIMENTARY
B. IGNEOUS
C. MINERAL
D. METAMORPHIC

13. B. IGNEOUS

14. 6. WHAT TYPE OF SCIENTIST
IS MOST LIKELY TO STUDY
ROCKS?
A. GEOLOGISTS
B. BIOLOGISTS
C. METEOROLOGISTS
D. BIOCHEMISTS

15. A. GEOLOGISTS

16. 7. WHICH OF THESE
MATERIALS MAY FORM
IGNEOUS ROCKS?
A. MAGMA
B. SAND
C. GRAVEL
D. FOSSILS

17. A. MAGMA

18. 8. IN ORDER FOR
METAMORPHIC ROCK TO
FORM, __________IS NEEDED.
A. PRESSURE
B. HEAT
C. HEAT AND PRESSURE
D. WIND AND WATER

19. C. HEAT AND PRESSURE

20. 9. HOW DOES SEDIMENTARY
ROCK TURN INTO A
METAMORPHIC ROCK?
A. THROUGH WEATHERING
B. BY MEANS OF EROSION
C. BY SUBJECTING TO HEAT AND
PRESSURE
D. BY MEANS OF COMPACTION
AND CEMENTATION

21. D. BY MEANS OF
COMPACTION AND
CEMENTATION

22. 10. IGNEOUS ROCKS CAN TURN
INTO SEDIMENTS BY MEANS OF
___________.
A. HEAT AND PRESSURE
B. COMPACTION AND
DEPOSITION
C. WEATHERING AND EROSION
D. ALL OF THESE

23. C. WEATHERING AND
EROSION

24. TRUE/ FALSE

25. DIRECTION: Read,
understand and tell weather
the statement is correct by
answering PAK if it is true
and GANERN if it is false.

26. 1. ROCKS ARE
AGGREGATE OF ONE OR
MORE MINERALS.

27. 1. PAK

28. A ROCK IS AN AGGREGATE OF ONE OR
MORE MINERALS, OR A BODY OF
UNDIFFERENTIATED MINERAL MATTER.
COMMON ROCKS INCLUDE GRANITE,
BASALT, LIMESTONE, AND SANDSTONE.

29. 2. LUSTER REFERS TO THE
WAY A MINERAL REFLECTS
LIGHT.

30. 2. PAK

31. THE MANNER IN WHICH A
MINERAL REFLECTS
LIGHT IS CALLED LUSTER
AND CAN BE EITHER
METALLIC OR NON-
METALLIC.

32. 3. HARDNESS OF MINERALS
CAN BE DETERMINED
THROUGH A SCRATCH TEST.

33. 3. PAK

34. SCRATCHING A MINERAL
SAMPLE AGAINST A GLASS
PLATE IS A QUICK-AND-DIRTY
TEST FOR RELATIVE HARDNESS.
IF THE MINERAL SCRATCHES
THE PLATE, IT IS HARDER; IF IT
DOESN'T, IT IS SOFTER.

35. 4. STREAK IS THE
EXTERNAL COLOR OF A
MINERAL.

36. 4. PAK

37. THE STREAK OF A MINERAL
IS THE COLOR OF THE POWDER
PRODUCED WHEN THE
MINERAL IS RUBBED AGAINST
AN UNGLAZED PORCELAIN
PLATE OR OTHER FINE-
GRAINED, HARD, ABRASIVE
SURFACE.

38. 5. CLEAVAGE FORMED
WHEN A MINERAL
BREAKS ALONG AN
IRREGULAR ROUGH
SURFACE.

39. 5.GANERN

40. CLEAVAGE. THE WAY IN WHICH A
MINERAL BREAKS ALONG SMOOTH
FLAT PLANES IS CALLED CLEAVAGE.
THESE BREAKS OCCUR ALONG
PLANES OF WEAKNESS IN THE
MINERAL'S STRUCTURE. HOWEVER, IF
A MINERAL BREAKS ALONG AN
IRREGULAR SURFACE, IT DOES NOT
HAVE CLEAVAGE.

41. 6. MOHS HARDNESS SCALE
IS USED TO TEST MINERAL’S
TENACITY.

42. 6.GANERN

43. TENACITY IS THE RESISTANCE OF A
MINERAL TO BREAKING, AND TENACITY
CAN BE CHARACTERIZED AS BRITTLE,
MALLEABLE, SECTILE AND ELASTIC.
HARDNESS IS THE ABILITY OF A MINERAL
TO RESIST SCRATCHING, AND THE MOHS
SCALE PROVIDES A RELATIVE RANKING OF
HARDNESS FOR TEN DIFFERENT
MINERALS.

44. 7. COLOR IS THE EASIEST
CHARACTERISTIC YOU CAN
OBSERVE IN A MINERAL HENCE,
IT IS THE MOST RELIABLE WAY
OF MINERAL IDENTIFICATION.

45. 7. GANERN

46. GENERALLY, COLOR ALONE IS NOT THE
BEST TOOL IN IDENTIFICATION BECAUSE
COLOR CAN BE HIGHLY VARIABLE. SOME
MINERALS CAN OCCUR IN A VARIETY OF
DIFFERENT COLORS DUE TO IMPURITIES IN
THE CHEMICAL MAKEUP OF THE MINERAL.

47. 8.TALC IS THE SOFTEST
MINERAL ACCORDING TO
THE MOHS SCALE

48. 8. PAK

49. IN 1812, A MAN NAMED FREDRICH MOHS
INVENTED A SCALE OF HARDNESS CALLED
MOHS SCALE WHICH IS STILL USED TODAY.
HE SELECTED TEN STANDARD MINERALS,
AND ARRANGED THEM IN ORDER OF
INCREASING HARDNESS. TALC IS THE
SOFTEST AND DIAMOND IS THE HARDEST.
EACH MINERAL CAN SCRATCH ONLY
THOSE BELOW IT ON THE SCALE.

50. 9. FRACTURE IS FORMED
WHEN MINERALS BREAK
ALONG FLAT EVEN SURFACE.

51. 9. GANERN

52. 10. MINERALS ARE
CONSISTS OF ATOMS
ARRANGED IN AN ORDERLY
MANNER.

53. 10.PAK

54. MINERALS ALSO HAVE A
DEFINITE CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION IN WHICH
THE ATOMS ARE ARRANGED
IN AN ORDERLY PATTERN
CALLED THE "CRYSTALLINE
STRUCTURE".

55. ROCK PUZZLE

56. DIRECTIONS: LET US TRY TO
ANSWER THIS ROCK PUZZLE
TO FIND OUT HOW FAMILIAR
YOU ARE ABOUT THE TOPIC
INCLUDED IN THIS MODULE.
REFER TO THE CLUE BELOW.

58. 1.METAMORPHIC

60. 3. SEDIMENTARY

62. 4.DEPOSITION

63. DEPOSITION IS THE LAYING
DOWN OF SEDIMENT
CARRIED BY WIND, WATER,
OR ICE. SEDIMENT CAN BE
TRANSPORTED AS PEBBLES,
SAND & MUD, OR AS SALTS
DISSOLVED IN WATER.

65. 5. MAGMA

67. 6. REGOLITH

68. REGOLITH IS LOOSE, UNCONSOLIDATED
ROCK, MINERAL AND GLASS FRAGMENTS
IN THE SOIL. IN THIS ACTIVITY, STUDENTS
USE EVERYDAY OBJECTS TO LEARN THAT
REGOLITH ON EARTH IS A PRODUCT OF
WEATHER, BUT ON THE MOON IT IS A
PRODUCT OF METEORITE IMPACT.

70. 9. MINERALS

72. 1. MAGMA

74. 1. MAGMA

76. 2. IGNEOUS

78. 7. EROSION

79. SEDIMENT MOVES FROM ONE PLACE TO
ANOTHER THROUGH THE PROCESS
OF EROSION. EROSION IS THE REMOVAL
AND TRANSPORTATION OF ROCK OR SOIL.
EROSION CAN MOVE SEDIMENT THROUGH
WATER, ICE, OR WIND.

81. 8. MELTING

83. 10.WEATHERING

84. TYPES OF ROCKS
1. IGNEOUS ROCKS
2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
3. METAMOPHIC ROCKS

87. BASED ON MINERAL COMPOSITION,
IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE ALSO CLASSIFIED
INTO TWO:
A. FELSIC - ARE LIGHT COLORED ROCKS
AND ARE RICH IN ALUMINIUM
B. MAFIC - ARE DARK-COLORED ROCKS
THAT ARE RICH IN IRON AND MAGNESIUM

96. EVALUTAION

97. IDENTIFY WHICH TYPE
OF ROCK FITS in each
Description . Wirte I for
Igneous, S for
Sedimentary, M for
Metamorphic.