2. ROAD PAVEMENT
• Road pavement may be
define as structure
constructed of one or
more layer of different
material like earth, gravel,
crushed rock, cement,
bitumen etc. properly
treated and compacted to
curry the traffic land
smoothly and safely with
a minimum operational
cost.
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3. TYPES OF ROAD
PAVEMENT
• Road pavement can be classified into two groups:
1. Flexible pavement
2. Rigid pavement
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4. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
• Those pavement which can resist tensile stresses, have
low flexural strength and very little resistance to
deformation under the wheel loads are termed as flexible
pavements. These flexible pavement are flexible in their
structure behaviour and reflect the settlement or
deformation of lower layers upon the top surface
behaviour. A typical flexible pavement consists of
following components:
1. Subgrade
2. Subbase course
3. Base course
4. Surface course or wearing course
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5. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
• Examples of flexible pavement are ;
1. Earth Road
2. Gravel and moorum roads.
3. WBM roads including kankar and lime stone roads.
4. All types of bituminous or black top roads.
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7. RIGID PAVEMENT
• The pavement which possess high flexural strength and
provide great resistance to deformation under the wheel
load are termed as rigid pavements.
Examples of rigid pavement are plain and reinforced
cement roads.
A typical rigid pavement consists of:
1. Subgrade
2. Base course
3. Cement concrete slab
The cement concrete slab can also be laid directly over
the well stabilised soil and compacted soil and
compacted soil subgrade.
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9. MARITS OF FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT
• The initial cost of flexible pavement is low .
• These can resist tensile stresses to some extent .
• There is no effect of temperature variation on the flexible
pavements.
• Construction of joints is not required in flexible pavements
• Less or moderate skill and supervision is required.
• These are suitable for all types of traffic.
• These can be opened to traffic after short duration.
• The flexible pavement are elastic in behaviour i.e. these can
adjust themselves to the irregularities due to different
settlement in the subgrade.
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10. DEMERITS OF FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENTS
• These are inferior to concrete roads in terms of flexural
strength.
• Flexible pavements of less durable.
• Un the action of excessive loading, these pavements fail
showing pot holes, ruts and corrugations on the surface.
• The thickness of flexible pavement is more than the rigid
pavements.
• The maintenance cost is high.
• A very smooth flexible pavements become slippery in action
and is prone to accidents.
• The life of flexible pavements is small as compare to concrete
road.
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11. MERITS OF RIGID
PAVEMENTS
• The maintenance cost is low.
• These are dustless.
• They can be laid on any subgrade.
• They do not develop ruts and corrugations.
• They can be easily reinforced to resist high load.
• The thickness of these pavements is less.
• These is no necessity of good subgrade.
• The initial cost is more but they prove economical in the
long run.
• Concrete roads are superior, have high flexural strength
and can take any amount of traffic load.
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12. DEMERITS OF RIGID
PAVEMENTS
• The initial cost of construction is high.
• Construction of joints and their proper functioning is
essential in these pavements.
• Rigid pavement produce heavy stress due to
temperature variations.
• The construction of these roads require skilled labour
and supervision.
• These cause noise under iron wheeled traffic.
• These are less resilient than bituminous road.
• For laying underground sewers, cable network etc.,
cutting of slab after construction is very difficult.
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